MEDICINE IN BRITAIN

Question 1

ppl believed who made them ill?

Answer 1

God

Question 2

what was another factor that was thought to produce disease?

Answer 2

astrology - used to help diagnose and became very popular after black death

Question 3

church was the centre of most beliefs abt disease - example?

Answer 3

monks could read and write - church has lots of influence over what was being read

Question 4

who did the church promote because his theories were traditional and rational?

Answer 4

galen

Question 5

anything that contradicted galen would be ignored?

Answer 5

yeh

Question 6

what did discarding other theories except galens mean?

Answer 6

no development in medical knowledge in this period

Question 7

what did they try to balance in order to treat disease?

Answer 7

the four humours

Question 8

galen developed this further by what?

Answer 8

theory of opposites

Question 9

if you had to much phlegm (water + cold) what should you eat?

Answer 9

hot and spicy food - peppers

Question 10

what were galens main medical ideas?

Answer 10

bloodletting, purging and dissection of animals dead bodies

Question 11

who disagreed with the idea that God caused diease?

Answer 11

hippocrates

Question 12

hippocrates had very similar treatment to todays doctors - example?

Answer 12

taking notes, comparing with similar cases and diagnosing.

Question 13

one more theory abt the cause of disease?

Answer 13

miasma - “bad air” - bad smells indicated sin - sign from God

Question 14

bloodletting?

Answer 14

cutting a vein, using leeches or cupping

Question 15

who was it done by?

Answer 15

it should be done by physicians, but more usually it was done by barber surgeons or non-medical ppl

Question 16

purging?

Answer 16

making patient vomit or go to loo

Question 17

religious or supernatural methods?

Answer 17

carrying lucky charms, living a christian life, chanting or self punishment

Question 18

rational methods?

Answer 18

keeping streets clean (miasma), bathing, purifying air, exercising and to overeating

Question 19

traditional remedies?

Answer 19

herbs - drunk or sniffed, diff foods to rebalance humours or ointments

Question 20

who treated the sick?

Answer 20

barber surgeons, home-care, apothecaries or physicians

Question 21

who were barber surgeons?

Answer 21

had no training, did basic amputations and bloodletting - cost less than physician

Question 22

what was an apothecary?

Answer 22

medical training but no qualification, mixed stuff based on own knowledge and cost less than physician

Question 23

care in the home?

Answer 23

treated by female family member, Lady of manor would tend to other homes for free - cast nothing

Question 24

physicians?

Answer 24

medically trained, diagnosed and gave treatments - expensive and rare (mostly male)

Question 25

features of hospitals?

Answer 25

travellers and pilgrims stayed there, kept clean, infectious ppl could not stay, place fro recovery and run by church - emphasise on God healing u

Question 26

what was the black death?

Answer 26

a bubonic plague

Question 27

how did ppl think it was caused?

Answer 27

religion, miasma, astrology or imbalance in try humours

Question 28

how was it avoided?

Answer 28

praying and fasting, clearing streets, smelling bad to overcome plague, carrying herbs and not letting other ppl enter village

Question 29

symptoms?

Answer 29

swelling throat, large lumps of puss (buboes), fever, headache and vomiting

Question 30

treatment?

Answer 30

praying, lucky charms, holding bread against lumps and eating cool things

Question 31

how did ideas change in the renaissance period?

Answer 31

fewer ppl believed in supernatural and religious causes, decline in church and God

Question 32

continuity in cause of disease?

Answer 32

miasma and four humours

Question 33

what was the changing influence of the church?

Answer 33

ppl began to look for new explanations - ideas of galen were relied on much less

Question 34

change in the work of physicians and scientists?

Answer 34

stopped using astrology, stopped using urine charts and more direct observations

Question 35

who was thomas sydenham?

Answer 35

doctor who made a book “Observationes Medicae” - he didn’t rely on books and based treatment on the whole disease

Question 36

development of printing press?

Answer 36

start of this period there were 100’s - mass producing in short time, helped reduce church control

Question 37

what was the royal society?

Answer 37

a group that aimed to further scientific knowledge - carrying out experiments and encouraging new theories

Question 38

continuity in hospitals?

Answer 38

treating more sick ppl, dissolution of monasteries caused some to close

Question 39

community care?

Answer 39

physicians still expensive, some were paid for their services