Medicine/haematology Flashcards
1
Q
Blood tube Colours
A
- Purple
- Pink
- Light Blue
- Yellow
- Grey
- Others
2
Q
Purple tube
A
These bottles are generally used forhaematologytests wherewhole bloodis required for analysis. Full blood count(FBC) Erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR) Blood filmfor abnormal cells or malaria parasites Reticulocytes Red cellfolate Monospottest for EBV HbA1Cfor diabetic control Parathyroid hormone(PTH)*
3
Q
Pink tube
A
Transfusion bloods
- Group & Save
- Crossmatch
- Direct Coombs test
4
Q
Light Blue tube
A
tests involving the clottingsystem
- Coag Screen: - Bleeding time, PT, APTT, TT or Fibrinogen
- D-dimer
- INR
- ?APTR? - patients on IV Heparin (calculated using APTT)
5
Q
Yellow tube
A
testsrequiring separatedserum for analysis Biochemistry
- Urea and electrolytes(U+E)
- C-reactive protein(CRP)
- Liver function tests(LFTs)
- Amylase assay
- Bone profile
- Magnesiumassay
- Iron studies– this includes serum iron, ferritin, transferrin saturation and total iron binding capacity
- Lipid profile
- Thyroid function tests(TFTs)
- Vitamins e.g.vitaminB12
- Troponins– this requires 2 samples to be taken at different times to assess the acute trend
- Creatine kinase(CK)
- Urate
- Serum osmolality– this requires a urine sample to be taken at the same time Endocrinology e.g.
- Beta-hCG Tumour Markers e.g.
- PSA Toxicology/drug levels e.g.
- ethanol
- paracetamol Microbiology/virology e.g.
- Viral Hepatitis Immunology e.g.
- immunoglobulins
6
Q
Grey tube
A
- Glucose
* Lactate
7
Q
Common Causes of anaemia
A
8
Q
Haemochromatosis signs, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment
A
Risk Factors (RF's) * Middle age * male gender * White ancestry * FHx Signs * Presence of RF's * fatigue * Weakness * lethargy * arthralgias * hepatomegaly * DM * impotence (male) * loss of libido * skin pigmentation Uncommon * CHF * arrhythmias * porphyria cutanea tarda Diagnosis 1st investigations * serum transferrin saturation (result = >45%) * serum ferritin ( raised) 2nd investigations * HFE mutation analysis * MRI liver * Liver biopsy * LFT's * Fasting blood sugar * Echocardiogram * ECG * bone densitometry * testosterone, FSH, LH assays Treatment Stage 0 * 1st line observation +3 yearly f/u * lifestyle modification * hepatitis a + b vaccination stage 1 * 1st line observation +1yearly f/u * lifestyle modification * hepatitis a + b vaccination Stage 2,3,4 1st line * phlebotomy * lifestyle modification * hepatitis a + b vaccination 2nd line * iron chelation therapy * lifestyle modification * hepatitis a + b vaccination
