MDD/fractures Flashcards
What fracture does Weber’s relate to
fibular
Describe webers
A - just the tip, no syndesmosis involvment (inverseion, stable). Still may need ORIF.
B- fracture diagonal up fibular may of may not have syndesmosis involvment (eversion, ?stable). Management decided by senior.
C - High on fibular, syndesmosis is stretched (side-force, ?not stable). ORIF
What fracture does Garden relate to
NOF
Describe Gardens
- * Impacted slightly crooked fracture, bone still mainly intact. No displacement. IM screw
- * Fracture all the way through NOF not displaced in anyway. IM screw
- * Fracture complete and head slightly displaced. Loads of angulation in trabecular network. Hemi/full arthroplasty
- * Facture complete head off-ended. Hemi/full arthroplasty
1 2 give it a screw 3 4 gonna need a bit more.
What fracture does salter-harris relate to
Paeds fracture involving epiphyseal plate
describe salter harris
- * Growth plate only - can’t see on x ray
- * Through GP and metaphysis - most common
- * Through GP and epiphysis
- * Through GP E and M
- * Crush - can’t se on x-ray
E->G->M
What does Gustilo & Anderson fracture relate to
Open fracture following debridement
Describe Gustilo and anderson
- * Simple fracture + wound <1cm
- * Simple fracture + wound >1cm
- * Compound fracture + any wound size, broken into 3
a. Some coverage of bone -> allow soft tissue to recover then internal fixation, cover with existing soft tissue. Can apply to type 1 and 2 as well
b. Bare bone can’t be covered with remaining soft tissue -> external fixation and plastics input, ABx
c. Arteries damaged -> ugrent vascular input, Abx
Management of Hip #
Define galeazzi #
Radius # and dislocations of distal radial-ulnar joint
Define Monteggia #
Proximal ulnar # with dislocation of the radial head
How to remember Monteggia and galeazzi
MU GR Monteggia = Ulnar #
Also monteggiA = proximal
Galeazzi = Radial #
Also galeazZi = distal
Define Smith’s #
Distal radius # with volar/palmar angulation
Caused by falling on a flexed hand
Remember S–>P (palmar)
Define Colle’s #
Radius # with dorsal angulation
Caused by falling on an extended hand
If pt not elderly female is osteoporosis describe as colle’s form/FOOSH
Remember C to D to E (extended hand)
Principles of management of scaphiod #
* The more proximal the # the more likely malunion is
* Malunion = AVN
* The high the risk of AVN the more likely the pt is to need surgery (screw)
* Blood supply comes from the distal end of the scaphiod
* If on initial injury no # seen –> splint and re x-ray in 2/52
what does Schatzker relate to
Tibial #
Describe Schatzker
- * The lateral nub is fractured no displacement
- * The lateral nub is fractured and depression of lateral plateau
- * In lateral compartment no obvious fracture but completely depressed
- * Medial plateau only pathology either fracture or depression
- * Fracture of both medial and lateral plateau
- * Fracture of tibia plateau and shaft
Types of Vertebral #
* Spondylolysis/spondylolisthesis
* Jefferson’s fracture
* Hangmans fracture
* Odontoid fracture
* Clay Shoveler’s fracture
* Tear drop fracture
* vertebral body compression fracture/wedge
Describe fractures relating to spondylolysis/spondylolisthesis
Spondylolysis - stress fracture in pars articularis
Spondylolisthesis - above and sliding of vertebra
Describe Jeffersons #
C1 vertebral # caused by a compression force to the top of the headthe fracture is of the articular surface relating to the occipital condyles
best method of imaging is an open mouth view x ray
Describe a Hangmans fracture
Caused by a hyperextension of the neck,fracture is of the neural arches of C2
most easily seen on a leteral c-spine x-ray
Describe an Odontoid fracture
fracture of the odontoid peg caused by hyper extension or flexion of the neck or blunt force taruma to the neck
Type 1: Avulsion fracture of just the tip - STABLE
Type 2: at the base of the dens - UNSTABLE (most common)
Type 3: involves the body of C2 - UNSTABLE
Describe a Clay Shoveler’s fracture
MOI: avulsion by the supra spinous ligament in hyperflexionoblique fracture of the spinous process
describe a Tear drop fracture
MOI: sudden and forceful flexionCauses # of the anterior, inferior corner of the vertebral body
Describe vertebral body compression fracture/wedge
Caused by osteoporosis, tumours and trama
can appear wedge shaped and cause dislocation
What is Bennet’s fracture
Fracture of the base of the first metacarpal
Caused by punching something
Usually 1st metacarpal also dislocated and 1st MCP involved
