Medicine/Haematology Flashcards
1
Q
Blood tube Colours
A
- Purple
- Pink
- Light Blue
- Yellow
- Grey
- Others
2
Q
Purple tube
A
These bottles are generally used for haematologytests where whole blood is required for analysis.
- Full blood count (FBC)
- Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)
- Blood film for abnormal cells or malaria parasites
- Reticulocytes
- Red cell folate
- Monospottest for EBV
- HbA1C for diabetic control
- Parathyroid hormone (PTH)*
3
Q
Pink tube
A
Transfusion bloods
- Group & Save
- Crossmatch
- Direct Coombs test
4
Q
Light Blue tube
A
tests involving the clotting system
- Coag Screen: - Bleeding time, PT, APTT, TT or Fibrinogen
- D-dimer
- INR
- ?APTR? - patients on IV Heparin (calculated using APTT)
5
Q
Yellow tube
A
tests requiring separated serum for analysis
- Biochemistry
- Urea and electrolytes(U+E)
- C-reactive protein (CRP)
- Liver function tests(LFTs)
- Amylase assay
- Bone profile
- Magnesium assay
- Iron studies– this includes serum iron, ferritin, transferrin saturation and total iron binding capacity
- Lipid profile
- Thyroid function tests (TFTs)
- Vitamins e.g. vitamin B12
- Troponins – this requires 2 samples to be taken at different times to assess the acute trend
- Creatine kinase (CK)
- Urate
- Serum osmolality – this requires a urine sample to be taken at the same time
- Endocrinology e.g.
- Beta-hCG
- Tumour Markers e.g.
- PSA
- Toxicology/drug levels e.g.
- ethanol
- paracetamol
- Microbiology/virology e.g.
- Viral Hepatitis
- Immunology e.g.
- immunoglobulins
6
Q
Grey tube
A
- Glucose
- Lactate
7
Q
Common Causes of anaemia
A
8
Q
Haemochromatosis signs, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment
A
Risk Factors (RF’s)
- Middle age
- male gender
- White ancestry
- FHx
Signs
- Presence of RF’s
- fatigue
- Weakness
- lethargy
- arthralgias
- hepatomegaly
- DM
- impotence (male)
- loss of libido
- skin pigmentation
- Uncommon
- CHF
- arrhythmias
- porphyria cutanea tarda
Diagnosis
- 1st investigations
- serum transferrin saturation (result = >45%)
- serum ferritin ( raised)
- 2nd investigations
- HFE mutation analysis
- MRI liver
- Liver biopsy
- LFT’s
- Fasting blood sugar
- Echocardiogram
- ECG
- bone densitometry
- testosterone, FSH, LH assays
Treatment
- Stage 0
- 1st line observation +3 yearly f/u
- lifestyle modification
- hepatitis a + b vaccination
- stage 1
- 1st line observation +1 yearly f/u
- lifestyle modification
- hepatitis a + b vaccination
- Stage 2,3,4
- 1st line
- phlebotomy
- lifestyle modification
- hepatitis a + b vaccination
- 2nd line
- iron chelation therapy
- lifestyle modification
- hepatitis a + b vaccination
- 1st line
