MDD/Fractures Flashcards
What fracture does Weber’s relate to
fibular
Describe webers
A - just the tip, no syndesmosis involvment (inverseion, stable). Still may need ORIF.
B- fracture diagonal up fibular may of may not have syndesmosis involvment (eversion, ?stable). Management decided by senior.
C - High on fibular, syndesmosis is stretched (side-force, ?not stable). ORIF
What fracture does Garden relate to
NOF
Describe Gardens
- Impacted slightly crooked fracture, bone still mainly intact. No displacement. IM screw
- Fracture all the way through NOF not displaced in anyway. IM screw
- Fracture complete and head slightly displaced. Loads of angulation in trabecular network. Hemi/full arthroplasty
- Facture complete head off-ended. Hemi/full arthroplasty
1 2 give it a screw 3 4 gonna need a bit more.
What fracture does salter-harris relate to
Paeds fracture involving epiphyseal plate
describe salter harris
- Growth plate only - can’t see on x ray
- Through GP and metaphysis - most common
- Through GP and epiphysis
- Through GP E and M
- Crush - can’t se on x-ray
E->G->M
What does Gustilo & Anderson fracture relate to
Open fracture following debridement
Describe Gustilo and anderson
- Simple fracture + wound <1cm
- Simple fracture + wound >1cm
- Compound fracture + any wound size, broken into 3
a. Some coverage of bone -> allow soft tissue to recover then internal fixation, cover with existing soft tissue. Can apply to type 1 and 2 as well
b. Bare bone can’t be covered with remaining soft tissue -> external fixation and plastics input, ABx
c. Arteries damaged -> ugrent vascular input, Abx
Management of Hip #
Define galeazzi #
Radius # and dislocations of distal radial-ulnar joint
Define Monteggia #
Proximal ulnar # with dislocation of the radial head
How to remember Monteggia and galeazzi
MU GR
- Monteggia = Ulnar #
- Also monteggiA = proximal
- Galeazzi = Radial #
- Also galeazZi = distal
Define Smith’s #
Distal radius # with volar/palmar angulation
Caused by falling on a flexed hand
Remember S–>P (palmar)
Define Colle’s #
Radius # with dorsal angulation
Caused by falling on an extended hand
If pt not elderly female is osteoporosis describe as colle’s form/FOOSH #
Remember C to D to E (extended hand)
Principles of management of scaphiod #
- The more proximal the # the more likely malunion is
- Malunion = AVN
- The high the risk of AVN the more likely the pt is to need surgery (screw)
- Blood supply comes from the distal end of the scaphiod
- If on initial injury no # seen –> splint and re x-ray in 2/52
what does Schatzker relate to
Tibial #
Describe Schatzker
- The lateral nub is fractured no displacement
- The lateral nub is fractured and depression of lateral plateau
- In lateral compartment no obvious fracture but completely depressed
- Medial plateau only pathology either fracture or depression
- Fracture of both medial and lateral plateau
- Fracture of tibia plateau and shaft
Types of Vertebral #
- Spondylolysis/spondylolisthesis
- Jefferson’s fracture
- Hangmans fracture
- Odontoid fracture
- Clay Shoveler’s fracture
- Tear drop fracture
- vertebral body compression fracture/wedge
Describe fractures relating to spondylolysis/spondylolisthesis
Describe Jeffersons #
C1 vertebral # caused by a compression force to the top of the head
the fracture is of the articular surface relating to the occipital condyles
best method of imaging is an open mouth view x ray
Describe a Hangmans fracture
Caused by a hyperextension of the neck,
fracture is of the neural arches of C2
most easily seen on a leteral c-spine x-ray
Describe an Odontoid fracture
fracture of the odontoid peg caused by hyper extension or flexion of the neck or blunt force taruma to the neck
Type 1: Avulsion fracture of just the tip - STABLE
Type 2: at the base of the dens - UNSTABLE (most common)
Type 3: involves the body of C2 - UNSTABLE
Describe a Clay Shoveler’s fracture
MOI: avulsion by the supra spinous ligament in hyperflexion
oblique fracture of the spinous process
describe a Tear drop fracture
MOI: sudden and forceful flexion
Causes # of the anterior, inferior corner of the vertebral body
Describe vertebral body compression fracture/wedge
Caused by osteoporosis, tumours and trama
can appear wedge shaped and cause dislocation
