Medicine

Question 1

What is the most common causitive organism in exacerbations of COPD?

Answer 1

Haemophilus influenzae

Question 2

What is the diagnostic criteria for diabetes?

Answer 2

Symptomatic:
1. Fasting glucose of 7 or more
2. Random glucosa of 11.1 or more
If asymptomatic then the above criteria apply but must be on two separate occasions.

3. HbA1c of greater or equal to 48mmol/mol

Question 3

What is the definition of impaired fasting glucose?

Answer 3

Fastign glucose greater than 6.1 but less than 7

Question 4

What is the definition of impaired glucose toelrence?

Answer 4

Fasting glucose less than 7 and OGTT 2 hour value greater than 7.8 but less than 11.1

Question 5

What virus vauses kaposi’s sarcoma?

Answer 5

Human herpes virus 8

Question 6

What is the treatment for leptospirosis?

Answer 6

High dose benzylpenicillin or doxycycline

Question 7

What medication is given for hiccups in palliative care?

Answer 7

Chlorpromazine

Haloperidol and gabapentin are also used

Question 8

If both folate and B12 are low which one do you replace first?

Answer 8

B12 must always be replaced first

Question 9

What is skin patch testing?

Answer 9

Test used for contact dermatitis - 30-40 allergens/irritants are placed on the back and removed after 48 hours. Results are then read by a dermatologist 48 hours later.

Question 10

What are the precipitating factors for digoxin toxicity?

Answer 10

Hypokalaemia (digoxin binds to the ATPase pump on the same side as pottasium - if there is less pottasium then it is easier for digoxin to bind
Drugs - amiodarone, quinidine, erapamil, diltiazem, spironolactone, thiazides and loop diuretics
Low albumin
Hypothermia
Hypothyroidism
Myocardial ischaemia

Question 11

What is the treatment for allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis?

Answer 11

Oral glucocorticoids

Itraconazole is second line

Question 12

What are the occular manifestations of rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer 12

Keratoconjunctivitis sicca (most common
Episcleritis 
Scleritis 
Corneal ulceration 
Keratitis 

(Streroid induced cataracts and chlorooquine retinopathy)

Question 13

Which type of ANCA is seen in UC?

Answer 13

pANCA (70%)

Question 14

What are the complications of mycoplasma pneumonia?

Answer 14

1. Cold agglutins (IgM) may cause haemolytic anaemia and thrombocytopenia
   2.Erythema multiforme, erythema nodosum
2. Meningoencephalitis, guillan barre syndrome
   4, Pericarditis/myocarditis
3. hepatitis, pancreatitis
   Acute glomerulonephritis

Question 15

How do you diagnose mycoplasma pneumonia?

Answer 15

Mycoplasma serology

Positive cold agglutination test

Question 16

What is the treatment for mycoplasma pneumonia?

Answer 16

Doxycycline or a macrolide (erythromycin/clarithromycin)

Question 17

What is the difference between IgA nephropathy and post streptococcal glomerulonephritis?

Answer 17

Post streptococcal glomerulonephritis is associated with low complement levels
Main symptoms in post streptoccocal glomerulonephritis is proteinuria whereas in IgA nephropathy its haematuria
IgA nephropathy usually occurs at the same time as an URTI where as post streptococcal glomerulonephritis develops 1 - 2 weeks after an URTI

Question 18

What is the management of rheumatoid arthritis flares?

Answer 18

Oral or IM steroids

Question 19

What blood test is raised in pagets disease of bone?

Answer 19

ALP

Calcium and phosphate are usually normal

Question 20

What disease causes oral ulcers, genital ulcers and anterior uveitis as well as DVTS and arthritis?

Answer 20

bechets disease

Question 21

What treatment should you be given if you are a carrier of MSRA?

Answer 21

Mupirocin 2% nasally

Chlorhexidine for the skin.