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Paediatrics > Medicine > Flashcards

Medicine Flashcards

1
Q

Reactive arthritis

A

Arthritis which develops soon after or during an infection elsewhere in the body, but in which microorgaisms cannot be recovered from the joint: chlamydia trachomatis, yersinia, salmonella, shigella and campylobacter, E.colo, c.diff, chlamydia pneumoniae

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2
Q

Term to describe an elevated RDW

A

Anisocytosis

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3
Q

Causes of Anaemia with possible Anisocytosis

A

Iron deficiency

Folate and Vit B12 deficiency

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4
Q

drugs in HIV management causing anaemia

A

Zidovudine
Amphotericin B
Gancyclovir
Trimethoprim

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5
Q

Red flags for Lymphadenopathy

A 
Systemic symptoms
Lower cervical nodes
Generalised LN
Fixed nontender without anyother symptoms
LN > 1 cm in neonstes
LN > 2 cm growing from baseline or after Rx
Abnormal CXR
Abnormal FBC and Ddc
Lack of evidence of ENT infection
Persistent raised CRP/ESR after Abx
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6
Q

Fanconi syndrome

A

Glucose
Amino acids
Uric acids
Phosphate
Bicarbonate are lost in the proximal tubule in the kidney
May be inherited or caused by drugs or heavy metals

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7
Q

Clinical manifestations of rickets

A

Delayed closure of the fontanelles
Parietal and frontal bossing
Craniotabes
Enlargement of the costochondral junction - rosary
Formation of harrison sulcus
Widening of the wrist and bowing of the distal radius and ulnar
Progressive lateral bowing of the femur and tibia

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8
Q

Complications of acute bacterial meningitis

A 
Vasculitis, thrombosis and infarction with focal neurology
Subdural effusion
CN palaies especially 8
Brain abscess
Hydrocephalus
SIADH
Epileptic fits
Cerebral oedema
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9
Q

Prognosis scoring system of acute bacterial meningitis

A

Herson Todd scoring system for prediction of morbidity

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10
Q

Risk factors for TB DILI

A 
Age
Female
Malnutrition
HIV
Chronic hepatitis B/C
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11
Q

Vascular rings

A

Congenital defect
Abnormal formation of the aorta and/or its surrounding blood vessels
Trachea and oesophagus can be encircled and sometimes compressed by a ring formed by these vessels

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12
Q

Signs of hypocalcemia

A

Chvostek’s sign
Trousseau’s sign
Bronchospasm

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13
Q

Symptoms of heart failure (infants)

A

Infants: tachypnoea, disphoresis during feeds, easy fatigability, irritability, decreased volume of feeds, and poor weight gain

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14
Q

Heart failure in young children

A

Gastrointestinal symptoms
Failure to thrive
Easy fatiguability
Recurrent or chronic cough with wheezing

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15
Q

Older children with heart failure on history

A 
Like adults; 
Exercise intolerance
Anorexia
Abdominal pain
Wheezing
Dyspnoea
Edema
Palpitation
Chest pain 
Syncope
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16
Q

Early neonatal jaundice

A

Hemolytic causes: Rh isoimmunisation, ABO incompatibility, G6PF deficiency

Congenital infection

17
Q

Intermediate causes of neonatal jaundice

A 
Physiological jaundice
Breastfeeding jaundice
Sepsis
Haemolysis
Crigler Najjar syndrome
Polycythemia, brusing
18
Q

Causes of late or prolonged neonatal jaundice

A 
Biliary atresia
Choledochal cyst
Alagille syndrome
Neonatal hepatitis
Galactossaemia
Tyrosinaemia
Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency

Unconjugated: physiological, breast milk jaundice, infection, hypothyroidism

19
Q

Fixed drug eruption

A

Recurs in the same locations upon reexposure to the offending drug
A single or a small number of dusky red or violaceous plaques that resolves leaving post inflammatory hyperpigmentatiob

20
Q

Mongolian spot

A

Congenital dermal melanocytosis

Hyperpigmentation with presence of melanin-producing melanocytes in the dermis

21
Q

3 causes of Café au lait macules

A

Isolate lesion
Neurofibromatosis type 1
McCune-Albright syndrome

22
Q

McCune-Albright syndrome triad

A

Peripheral precocious puberty
Irregular Café au lait macules
Fibrous dysplasia of bone

23
Q

Triad of pheochromocytoma

A

Episodic headache
Sweating
Hypertension and tachycardia

24
Q

Atovaquone-proguanil ADR

A 
GI upset 
Rash
Mouth ulcers
Insomnia
Headache

CI: renal impairment or pregnancy

25
Q

Mefloquine ADR and Ci

A 
GI upset
Lightheadedness
Headache
Mood swing
Strange dreams
Neuropsychiatric reaction
Severe psychosis and seizees

CI: hypersensitivity, seizure, psychotic, cardiac conductance disease

26
Q

Doxycycline ADR and Ci

A

UV sensitivity - sun screen
Candida vaginitis
GI upset

CI3 pregnancy and child under 8

Paediatrics (7 decks)

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