Medicine Flashcards
Reactive arthritis
Arthritis which develops soon after or during an infection elsewhere in the body, but in which microorgaisms cannot be recovered from the joint: chlamydia trachomatis, yersinia, salmonella, shigella and campylobacter, E.colo, c.diff, chlamydia pneumoniae
Term to describe an elevated RDW
Anisocytosis
Causes of Anaemia with possible Anisocytosis
Iron deficiency
Folate and Vit B12 deficiency
drugs in HIV management causing anaemia
Zidovudine
Amphotericin B
Gancyclovir
Trimethoprim
Red flags for Lymphadenopathy
Systemic symptoms Lower cervical nodes Generalised LN Fixed nontender without anyother symptoms LN > 1 cm in neonstes LN > 2 cm growing from baseline or after Rx Abnormal CXR Abnormal FBC and Ddc Lack of evidence of ENT infection Persistent raised CRP/ESR after Abx
Fanconi syndrome
Glucose
Amino acids
Uric acids
Phosphate
Bicarbonate are lost in the proximal tubule in the kidney
May be inherited or caused by drugs or heavy metals
Clinical manifestations of rickets
Delayed closure of the fontanelles
Parietal and frontal bossing
Craniotabes
Enlargement of the costochondral junction - rosary
Formation of harrison sulcus
Widening of the wrist and bowing of the distal radius and ulnar
Progressive lateral bowing of the femur and tibia
Complications of acute bacterial meningitis
Vasculitis, thrombosis and infarction with focal neurology Subdural effusion CN palaies especially 8 Brain abscess Hydrocephalus SIADH Epileptic fits Cerebral oedema
Prognosis scoring system of acute bacterial meningitis
Herson Todd scoring system for prediction of morbidity
Risk factors for TB DILI
Age Female Malnutrition HIV Chronic hepatitis B/C
Vascular rings
Congenital defect
Abnormal formation of the aorta and/or its surrounding blood vessels
Trachea and oesophagus can be encircled and sometimes compressed by a ring formed by these vessels
Signs of hypocalcemia
Chvostek’s sign
Trousseau’s sign
Bronchospasm
Symptoms of heart failure (infants)
Infants: tachypnoea, disphoresis during feeds, easy fatigability, irritability, decreased volume of feeds, and poor weight gain
Heart failure in young children
Gastrointestinal symptoms
Failure to thrive
Easy fatiguability
Recurrent or chronic cough with wheezing
Older children with heart failure on history
Like adults; Exercise intolerance Anorexia Abdominal pain Wheezing Dyspnoea Edema Palpitation Chest pain Syncope
Early neonatal jaundice
Hemolytic causes: Rh isoimmunisation, ABO incompatibility, G6PF deficiency
Congenital infection
Intermediate causes of neonatal jaundice
Physiological jaundice Breastfeeding jaundice Sepsis Haemolysis Crigler Najjar syndrome Polycythemia, brusing
Causes of late or prolonged neonatal jaundice
Biliary atresia Choledochal cyst Alagille syndrome Neonatal hepatitis Galactossaemia Tyrosinaemia Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency
Unconjugated: physiological, breast milk jaundice, infection, hypothyroidism
Fixed drug eruption
Recurs in the same locations upon reexposure to the offending drug
A single or a small number of dusky red or violaceous plaques that resolves leaving post inflammatory hyperpigmentatiob
Mongolian spot
Congenital dermal melanocytosis
Hyperpigmentation with presence of melanin-producing melanocytes in the dermis
3 causes of Café au lait macules
Isolate lesion
Neurofibromatosis type 1
McCune-Albright syndrome
McCune-Albright syndrome triad
Peripheral precocious puberty
Irregular Café au lait macules
Fibrous dysplasia of bone
Triad of pheochromocytoma
Episodic headache
Sweating
Hypertension and tachycardia
Atovaquone-proguanil ADR
GI upset Rash Mouth ulcers Insomnia Headache
CI: renal impairment or pregnancy
Mefloquine ADR and Ci
GI upset Lightheadedness Headache Mood swing Strange dreams Neuropsychiatric reaction Severe psychosis and seizees
CI: hypersensitivity, seizure, psychotic, cardiac conductance disease
Doxycycline ADR and Ci
UV sensitivity - sun screen
Candida vaginitis
GI upset
CI3 pregnancy and child under 8
