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History > Medicine > Flashcards

Medicine Flashcards

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1
Q

Galen

A

Theory of opposites
Used for next 1500 years
Church

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2
Q

Hippocrates

A

Theory of 4 humours
Careful observation and recording
Hippocratic oath

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3
Q

Christian Religion

A

Galen for 1500 years
no Dissection
Disease is punishment

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4
Q

Islamic Religion

A

Seek the cure
the canon by Rhazes
Lots of hospitals, many wards

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5
Q

Public Health in towns

A

Laissez faire
Rakers - Coventry
Fine people - no enforcement

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6
Q

Public Health in monasteries

A

Water piped in via lead pipes
Reservoirs
Monks had knowledge
They were wealthy

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7
Q

Surgery in medieval towns

A

Battlefield surgeons used wine as antiseptic

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8
Q

Hospitals in medieval towns

A

Different types of hospitals :
Mentally ill
alms houses - old people
Not many doctors
Often attached to monasteries

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9
Q

Ambroise Pare

A

Learned on battlefield
egg yolk, rose oil, turpentine to cauterise
Used ligatures - infection
Prosthetics

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10
Q

John Hunter

A

Did many dissections
Many books wrote with scientific method
Gave self ghonorrhoea - Syphilis

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11
Q

William Harvey

A

blood was a one way system
blood not made in liver
Crank

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12
Q

Andreas Vesalius

A

Did many dissections
Used printing press
Challenged Galens theories
Contradicted Galen

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13
Q

Paracelcus

A

Criticised Galen
Chemicals in the body
Crank

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14
Q

Printing Press

A

Spread accurate copies of information quickly

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15
Q

Great Plague

A

1665
Miasma
Lit fires to clear air
Quarantine
Watchmen
Wise women
Apothecary

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16
Q

Hospitals, 18th century

A

Foundling Hospitals
Voluntary Hospitals

17
Q

Quacks

A

Travelling salesman of poor remedies
Alcohol and opium for temp cure

18
Q

Edward Jenner

A

Smallpox Cure
Cowpox injected
Eradicated by 1980’s
Couldn’t explain how

19
Q

Louis Pasteur

A

Germ Theory
Pasteurisation
Made new vaccinations to anthrax, Chicken cholera and rabies
Rivals with Robert Koch - Franco Prussian war

20
Q

Robert Koch

A

Staining bacteria
Link germs to diseases
Typhoid, TB, diphtheria
Microscope

21
Q

The Great Stink

A

Thames started to dry due to hot weather causing London to stink
Parliament used lime and spoke about moving to Oxford

22
Q

Joseph Bazalgette

A

Miles of sewers under London to transport waste out of the city
Avoided Cholera epidemic

23
Q

John Snow

A

Broad street Pump
Cholera caused by dirty water not bad air
Before Louis Pasteurs Germ Theory

24
Q

Paul Ehlrich

A

Magic Bullet - Salvarsan 606
Targeted Syphillis
Treated Daughter

25
Q

1867 Reform act

A

Working class men got the vote

26
Q

1848 PH act

A

Edwin Chadwick linked poverty and poor conditions to death via statistics
William Farr introduced registration of births and deaths

Not Compulsory, just recommended

27
Q

1875 PH act

A

Made compulsory
Due to reform act

28
Q

James Simpson - Anaesthetics

A

1847 - Chloroform - Queen Victoria used as well as Charles Dickens’ wife

29
Q

Joseph Lister - Antiseptics

A

Carbolic acid
Death rates fell from 46% to 15%
Sterilised room and wounds
Unpleasant working conditions

30
Q

Elizabeth Blackwell

A

Went to USA to be a doctor - only accepted due to a vote which students thought was a joke

31
Q

Elizabeth Garret Anderson

A

first woman in Britain to be doctor
got license trough society of apothecaries after her father threatened to sue them

32
Q

Florence Nightingale

A

Crimean war
40% down to 2%
Wrote many books
Introduced ventilation

33
Q

Mary Seacole

A

Born in Jamaica
Funded own way to Britain to go with Nightingale but was refused
Funded own trip to Crimea to help - sold food and drinks

History (4 decks)

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