Germany - P1

Question 1

Kaiser Wilhelm Information + Personality

Answer 1

1988-1918
Wanted to make all the important decisions
Loved military parades
He had great power due to constitution
Sacked ministers if he wanted
Grandson of Queen Victoria (England)
loved Navy

Question 2

German Industrialisation under the kaiser

Answer 2

1913, as much coal as Britain, and more iron and steel then them
dominated Europe in goods such as electrical goods and chemicals

Question 3

Government structure 1980-1918

Answer 3

Kaiser (head of state)
Full control over foreign and domestic policies

Chancellor
Appointed by kaiser and was directly responsible to him

Reichstag
Passed new laws, but couldn’t suggest them.

Question 4

Positive Social/Economic impact

Answer 4

German industry created many business and factory owners rich
Rapid economic growth meant full economic support
Lots of people in trade unions, kaiser had to listen

Question 5

Negative Social/Economic impact

Answer 5

Workers in new factories were unhappy due to low wages
Overcrowding and poor sanitary conditions due to rising urban populations

Question 6

SPD

Answer 6

Socialists
1910 had 720,000 members, won 75% of votes in Reichstag
Some SPD were radical and caused revolutions and strikes

Question 7

Navy Laws

Answer 7

Wanted an empire and navy to rival the brits
Increased size of navy through raising taxes
1898 - 7 new battleships
1900 - increased to 38 battleships
1902 - arms race began

Question 8

Weltpolitik

Answer 8

World policy
Began taking over other nations, mostly Africa

Question 9

Impact of WW1

Answer 9

Allies blocked ports
3/4 of a million Germans died
Huge living standards between rich and poor
During the war, Germany was ran as a military dictictatorship

Question 10

End of WW1 Abdication

Answer 10

Strikes in Germany and naval mutiny
Social democrats threaten kaiser with revolution if he didn’t abdicate
Kaiser abdicated on 9th Nov

Question 11

End of WW1 Armistice

Answer 11

11th Nov 1918
Ceasefire agreed to end the fighting of WW1
Right winged germans felt betrayed by the armistice
Weimar politicians labelled as November criminals

Question 12

Treaty of Versailles Info

Answer 12

June 1919
Presidet Ebert signed the treaty
Seen as Diktat
Felt stabbed in the back

Question 13

Treaty of Versailles Terms

Answer 13

War Guilt Clause
Armed forces 100k men
Reparation sof 6.6bn
Lost territory and empire
demilitarised rhineland

Question 14

Strengths of Weimar Constitution

Answer 14

New constitution
Women could vote for the first time
voting age down to 20

Question 15

Weakness of Weimar Constitution

Answer 15

Proportional representation
President could suspend constitution (Article 48)

Question 16

Spartacists Uprising

Answer 16

Jan 1919
Led by Karl leibknecht and Rosa Luxembourg
Took over newspaper headquarters
Freikorps sent in to stop revolution

Question 17

Kapp Putsch

Answer 17

March 1920
Wolfgang Kapp led the Freikorps
Wanted a right wing government
Strike happened to stop it

Question 18

Red rising in the Ruhr

Answer 18

Left wing workers remained in strike after Kapp Putsch ended
250 political murders between 1919 and 1921

Question 19

Ruhr Crisis

Answer 19

1923
France and Belgium invaded the Ruhr due to reparations going unpaid
German people in the Ruhr went on strike paid by the government
Germany printed money to solve issue
Hyperinflation began and started peaking
Currency and savings became worthless

Question 20

What were the SA

Answer 20

1921
Political thugs

Question 21

Munich Putsch

Answer 21

1923
Peaking hyperinflation
Revolt had been leaked to the police in advance
Police fired on the rebels and the revolt quickly collapsed
Hitler was imprisoned
Wrote Mein Kampf
5 year sentence ( only served 9 months )

Question 22

Gustav Stresseman as Chancellor

Answer 22

Replaced Mark with rentenmark
stopped paying strikers
Dawes plan - 1924 - USA investments, lower reparations
Locarno Pact - 1925 - New borders to be respected
League of Nations - 1926 - Germany joined
Kellog Briand - 1928 - 65 countries not to use war
Young Plan -1929 - Allies agreed to reduce reparations

Question 23

Weimar Republic - Golden Years improvements

Answer 23

1927 unemployment insurance scheme
Wages increased
2 million new homes 1924-1931
LGBT
Cabaret

Question 24

Great Depression

Answer 24

Oct 1929
Wall Street stock market crashed
USA wanted old loans repaid
Mass unemployment
Economy in Germany collapsed
political instability

Question 25

Nazi Appeal

Answer 25

Promised to make Germany great again
Businessmen appealed by promisijng higher prices
Farmers had higher food prices

Question 26

Weak opposition to Nazi party

Answer 26

Proportional representation meaning there were many other parties
Communists and SPD didn’t work as one
President Ebert had to use 48 lots due to proportional representation

Question 27

Nazi Tactics and Organisation for growth

Answer 27

SA was well organised and disciplined
Hitlers undisputed power was a positive
Lots of propaganda - Josef Geobbels
Hitler painted as germanys saviour
Hitler was patriotic

Question 28

Political Deal for Hitler

Answer 28

Hindenburg didn’t want hitler to be chancellor, so gave the role to von papen

Von Papen failed to control Reichstag so Schleicher became chancellor instead

Schleicher also failed to control
Hitler and Von Papen to Hindenburg
Hitler as Chancellor and Von pain as VC to control Hitler.

Question 29

Reichstag Fire and Election

Answer 29

Feb 27th 1933
1933 Election - SA went and attacked oppositions making them vote Nazi
Reichstag fire - Hitler blamed communists due to Van Der Lubbe being found there
Emergency Decree which game him control over people

Question 30

Impact of Emergency Decree

Answer 30

Nazis won 288 seats - not quite overall majority
Made the communist party illegal who had 81 seats
Enabling act - Hitler could govern for four years without reichstag
Trade unions and other parties were banned

Question 31

Night of the long Knives

Answer 31

SA were loyal to Ernst Rohm
Hitler was concerned Rohm became too powerful
Hitler sent the SS in to Kill Rohm and other SA leaders
Hitler said they were trying to overthrow the government making the murders legal
Sent a powerful message to not challenge Hitler
Army then gave an oath of allegiance

Question 32

Death of Hindenburg

Answer 32

Hindenburg died in August 1934
Hitler claimed self Fuhrer

Question 33

Nazi Police courts

Answer 33

Special courts where rights suspended, no appeal
Peoples courts, defendants always found guilty

Question 34

SS

Answer 34

Hitlers bodyguards and led by Himmler

Question 35

Gestapo

Answer 35

Himmler in charge
harsh interrogation, imprisonment without trial
secret trials
Public informers to report

Question 36

Josef Goebells

Answer 36

Head of propaganda
Hitler Myth

Question 37

Propaganda methods

Answer 37

Radio
Newspaper
Public Rallies
Berlin Olympics 1936
Posters