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Veterinary Anatomy & Physiology, Nursing And Medicine > Medicine > Flashcards

Medicine Flashcards

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1
Q

Who inspects veterinary practice premises and how often?

A

Either VMD or RCVS every 4 years

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2
Q

Which governing body governs the use of veterinary medicines?

A

VMD- veterinary medicines directorate

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3
Q

What regulations control the use, manufacture, sale, supply etc of vet meds?

A

VMR - veterinary medicines regulations 2013

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4
Q

Which act and regulations aims to control harmful drugs with the potential to be abused?

A

Misuse of drugs act 1971
Misuse of drug regulations 2001

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5
Q

Name the 4 legal categories of vet meds

A
  1. POM-V
  2. POM-VPS
  3. NFA-VPS
  4. AVM-GSL
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6
Q

Who can prescribe and who can supply POM-Vs?

A

Prescribe- vets
Supply- any SQP

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7
Q

What category of meds can SQPs prescribe?

A

POM-VPS
NFA-VPS

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8
Q

AVM-GSL

A

Authorised veterinary medicines- general sales list

Low risk, wide safety margin

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9
Q

What is CASCADE used for?

A

Unlicensed products for animal use

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10
Q

Who can prescribe under CASCADE?

A

Vets only.
SQPs and nurses can dispense

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11
Q

How long must records for CASCADE drugs be kept for?

A

5 years

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12
Q

What are the steps of CASCADE?

A
  1. Off licence product for same species different condition or different species same condition
  2. Human use licensed in UK or vet med licensed in EU (special import certificate)
  3. Creating a drug compound
  4. Human medicine outside UK or vet med outside EU
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13
Q

What goes on a cascade label?

A

Name and address of O and practice
Vet name
Animal name and species
supply and expiry date
Med info and batch no
Special storage instructions, warnings, withdrawal period
Animal Tx
Keep out of kids reach

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14
Q

What classes require written prescriptions and who can prescribe?

A

POM-V (vet only)
POM-VPS (RQP)

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15
Q

How long are written prescriptions valid for?

A

6 months
28days for schedule 2&3

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16
Q

How long do you need to keep prescription records for?

A

5 years

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17
Q

What info is needed for a written prescription?

A

Name, address, practice, prescriber name and credentials (RCVS/SQP no)
Name, address O and animal kept
Name, breed of animal
Med info
Withdrawal period
Under cascade if needed
Date and signature
For animals under my care
Number of repeats
Batch no for food animals

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18
Q

Routes of administration

A

Enteral- GI tract
Oral, buccal, sublingual, rectal

Parenteral- outside GIT
IV, IM, SC, IO, IP, topical, inhalation

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19
Q

What laws govern CDs?

A

Misuse of drugs act 1971
Misuse of drug regulations 2001

20
Q

Storage of CDs

A

Locked cabinet bolted to wall or floor
Separate key
Combo code changed regularly
Staff access only
Away from public
Store CDs only

21
Q

Disposal of CDs

A

Schedule 2- denatured and witnessed
Schedule 3,4,5- denatured but not witnessed

22
Q

Who can witness CD disposal?

A

CD Liaison officer
VMD/RCVS inspector
Vet from another practice not bribed
Police officer

23
Q

5 schedules and examples

A

Schedule 1- high abuse, strictest control- LSD, CANNABIS
Schedule 2- therapeutic value but highly abused- methadone, ketamine, morphine. CD register, CD cabinet, witness destruction, keep invoice 2 years.
Schedule 3- therapeutic value but not as abused- buprenorphine, midazolam, phenobarbital, tramadol, gabapentin. Only bup CD cabinet, not witness destruction or register, invoice 2 years
Schedule 4- therapeutic value but less abused- diazepam. No safe storage, register or witness destruction, invoice 2 years.
Schedule 5- very low strength, not much abuse- codeine, pardale. No requirements, invoice 2 years, script 6m

24
Q

How to order CD

A

Requisition form in written ink, RCVS number, stored upon receiving and recorded into register. Keep invoice for 2 years

25
Q

What info does SPQ need?

A

No CE required
Condition - vet diagnosis
When and where previously supplied
Last vet visit

26
Q

What is pharmacodynamics?

A

The effect of drug on the body

27
Q

What is pharmacokinetics?

A

Effect of the body on the drug- ADME
1.absorption
2. Distribution
3. Metabolism
4. Excretion

28
Q

Fastest to slowest absorption/onset of routes

A

Injections- IV, IM, SC
Mouth- buccal, sublingual, inhalation
Rectal
Oral
Transdermal

29
Q

Factors affecting duration of Action

A

Age
Hydration
Condition/ illness
Route of administration
Storage of meds
Drug formulation

30
Q

Which vaccines are live attenuated?

A

Distemper, parvovirus
Calici and panleucopenia
myxomatosis

31
Q

What vaccines are inactivated?

A

Lepto
Rabies
FelV
VHD 1&2

32
Q

Examples of anti emetics and use

A

Maropitant- safe for FB obstruction, not liver issues
Metaclopromide- prokinetic, not for FB/obstruction
Ondanestron

33
Q

H1 antihistamine vs H2 antihistamines

A

H1- antagonists, stops histamine release for allergy
Chlorphenamine, cetirizine

H2- antagonists (proton pump inhibitor) reduce stomach acid
Omeprazole, ranitidine, cimetidine

34
Q

Anti epileptics

A

GABA agonists
Phenobarbital- contraindicated liver & renal failure, blood monitoring
Imepition- liver, renal, cardiac issues

Benzodiazepines
Diazepam- rectal, IV
Midazolam

Refractory
Levetiracetum
Propofol CRI

Gabapentin

Potassium bromide- replaces Cl- ions - renal failure as renal excretion

35
Q

4 classes of sedatives

A

Phenothiazine
Benzodiazepines
Opioids and ketamine
Alpha 2 agonists

36
Q

Phenothiazine examples

A

Acepromazine ACP
Alpha 1 antagonist, CNS depression
anti arrhythmic, anti emetic
Slow onset, long duration

Contraindication: peripheral vasodilation = hypothermia, cardiovascular disease

37
Q

Benzodiazepines examples

A

Diazepam
Midazolam

GABA agonists
Safe for old, young, sick patients

Contraindications: healthy animals, liver disease, IV diazepam = thrombophlebitis

38
Q

Opioids examples

A

Methadone- schedule 2, full agonist
Morphine, fentanyl- schedule 2
Buprenorphine- schedule 3, partial agonist
Butorphanol- schedule 4, mixed agonist/antagonist
Naloxone- antagonist reversal

Sedative & analgesia - can mix with benzos and ACP

Contraindications: morphine V+ in cats, bradycardia, bradypnoea, slows GIT

39
Q

Alpha 2 agonist examples

A

Medetomidine, dexmedetomidine

Muscle relaxants and analgesic
Atipamezole- antagonist reversal

Contraindications: peripheral vasoconstriction, cardiovascular dx, liver dx, IOP/FB V+

40
Q

Ketamine

A

Sedation can combine with others (benzodiazepines)
Analgesia

Contraindications: Renal or hepatic dx, hypertension, muscle rigidity if not combined

41
Q

Diuretics and examples

A

Loop diuretics- frusomide
Ascending loop of Henle

Thiazides-
Distal convoluted tubule

Potassium sparing-
Distal convoluted tubule and collecting ducts

Contraindications: renal failure, Anuria, vasodilators will decrease BP

42
Q

NSAIDs and examples

A

COX 1- prostaglandins in gastrointestinal
COX 1 inhibitor- Aspirin

COX 2- prostaglandins pain and inflammation
COX 2 inhibitor- Meloxicam, carprofen
Non-selective COX 2 inhibitors- ibuprofen, naproxen

Contraindications: steroids, GI issues or ulcers, D+, renal or hepatic issues, hypovolemia

43
Q

Corticosteroids examples

A

Glucocorticoid agonist
Hydrocortisone, prednisolone, dexamethasone
Metabolic, catabolic, immuno and inflammation

Mineralcorticoid agonist
Fludrocortisone
Mineral/salt/fluid balance

Contraindications: NSAIDs, immunosuppressed, GI issues, hyperglycaemia

44
Q

5 neoplastic/cytotoxic

A

Alkalyting agents
Anti tumor antibiotics
Mitotic inhibitors
Platinum compound
Anti metabolites

Excreted- urine, faeces, body fluids

Contraindications: pregnant, organ failure

45
Q

Respiratory drugs

A

Bronchodilators- salbutamol, atropine
Anti-tissutives- codeine, butorphanol
Respiratory stimulants- Doproxam
Expectorants/mucolytics- bromhexine, bisolvin, guaifenesine

Veterinary Anatomy & Physiology, Nursing And Medicine (5 decks)

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