Medicine Flashcards
OLD CARTS
Onset Location Duration Character Aggravating/associated symptoms Relieving Timing (recurrence) Severity
Infective Endocarditis
Echo findings, blood cultures, splinter hemorrhages, Roth spots (retina), Janeway lesions (macular dermal lesions), Osler nodes (endothelial inflammation)
Sequelae of HTN
Left ventricular hypertrophy CHF Ischemic heart disease Renal insufficiency Retinopathy CVA PVD
Anticoagulant reversal agents: Warfarin Heparin Dabigatran Rivaroxaban / apixaban Ticagrelor
Reversal Agents: Warfarin - K-Centra, FFP, Vitamin K Heparin - protamine sulfate Dabigatran - idarucizumab (Praxbind) Rivaroxaban / apixaban - Andexanet alfa Ticagrelor - bentracimab
MELD-Na
Bilirubin Creatinine INR Serum sodium 90 day mortality Scored 6-40, with 40 showing mortality of 90% in 3 months
Mitral Stenosis
Management: Keep them dry and slow
Mitral Regurgitation
S3 sound
Holosystolic blowing murmur at the cardiac apex radiating to the the axilla
Management: Keep them fast
Aortic stenosis
Crescendo-decrescendo systolic murmur
Acquired von Willebrand’s disease
Almost always have a degree of regurgitation
Management: Preserve cardiac output, avoid hypotension
Aortic Regurgitation
Decrescendo high-pitched diastolic murmur along the left sternal border of the right intercostal space
Management: Maintain HR of 80bpm
Myocardial infarcation
Ischemia associated with the wall of the heart resulting in necrosis of cardiac muscle. Commonly known as a heart attack.
HTN
A condition in which the force of the blood against arterial walls is too high.
COPD
Chronic lung disease in which airflow is blocked, or obstructed, from entering the lungs. Chronic bronchitis is associated with long-term inflammation of the the bronchi. Emphysema is associated with damage to the lung parenchyma and alveoli. There is a decrease in elastin in the basement membrane of the alveoli associated with alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency.
Asthma
Asthma is a reactive, reversible obstructive airway disease. It is usually a disease diagnosed in childhood.
Diabetes mellitus
Diabetes mellitus is an endocrine disease denoted by insulin resistance. It has two main types. Diabetes I is an auto-immune disease. Diabetes II is usually an acquired disease.
Pregnancy
Pregnancy is a condition in which a female is carrying a baby to term. It is usually 38-39 weeks long. It actually shares a good deal of pathophysiology with obesity. Decrease vital capacity with increase in minute ventilations. Insulin resistance. Increased coagulation.
Down syndrome
Trisomy 21. Development disorder associated with growth delays, mild-moderate intellectual disability, and characteristic facial features. Large tongue, small mouth.
Obesity
Obesity is defined as a BMI over 30. Clinically, patients with obesity have a diffuse, fluffy edema with characteristic fat. Striae, acanthosis nigracans, pendulous abdomen, fatty level disease.
Alzheimer’s disease
Neurodegenerative disease with amyloid plaques and intraneuronal neurofibrillary tangles
Parkinson’s disease
Neurodegenerative disease with decrease in dopaminergic neurons in the substantia negra in the basal ganglia. Hallmark is tremor, facial paucity / inexpression, postural instability, gait disturbance
Multiple sclerosis
Neurodegenerative disease of the oligodendrocytes of the central nervous system. Progressive weakness. No known cause or cure. Rituximab, olecruzimab.
