Medici Test

Question 1

The Renaissance begins when Cosimo de Medici and his friends search Europe for ____________. Simply reading pagan authors like Socrates and Plato was punishable by excommunication from the church.

Answer 1

CLASSICAL MANUSCRIPTS

Question 2

Popes could excommunicate (throw from the church and damn forever) Christians guilty of _________, which was believing anything other than what the church preached.

Answer 2

HERESY

Question 3

____________, who built the dome of the Florence Cathedral, was both architect and engineer.

Answer 3

BRUNELLESCHI

Question 4

BRUNELLESCHI used __________ as supports for first time in 1000 years, creating a revolution in architecture.

Answer 4

ARCHES

Question 5

Florentines came to watch the construction of the dome. One of the things that amazed them was Brunelleschi’s use of the classical orders of ________, which hadn’t been used since the fall of Rome.

Answer 5

COLUMNS

Question 6

Although Brunelleschi examined the construction of the dome of the Roman Pantheon, he couldn’t use the same techniques because of the size of the dome and because the recipe for making _______ had been lost.

Answer 6

CONCRETE

Question 7

Brunelleschi also devised a way to alter the ________ on pulleys so the oxen could pull the 1700-pound sandstone beams 250 feet into the air and return them to the ground without changing direction.

Answer 7

GEARS

Question 8

Brunelleschi personally lay some of the_________ on the dome because what he proposed was so revolutionary that the brick masons were afraid the technique would fail and they would die.

Answer 8

BRICKS

Question 9

Cosimo’s patronage of Brunelleschi helped the Medici family gain _________ and __________.

Answer 9

POWER PRESTIGE

Question 10

The _________ banking family, who resented the power of the Medici, had _____________ arrested.

Answer 10

ALBIZZI COSIMO

Question 11

Brunelleschi was jailed and forced to stop work on Il Duomo (the dome) when his patron was found guilty of treason against ____________.

Answer 11

FLORENCE

Question 12

Cosimo escaped from the tower that was his prison by ________ the guards.

Answer 12

BRIBING

Question 13

When Cosimo was finally asked to return to Florence, he had even more power and prestige. The Medici banks became the most important banks in Europe as they collected money for the __________.

Answer 13

POPE

Question 14

Cosimo de Medici’s patronage of Baldesari Cossa paid off when Cosa became Pope __________________.

Answer 14

JOHN XXIII

Question 15

Marcello Fantoni: “Patronage is great for the production of art but totally irrational from an economic view. ____________ is a political strategy… high political competition.

Answer 15

PATRONAGE

Question 16

Florence was proud to be the only __________ in Europe; but the government was often corrupt.

Answer 16

REPUBLIC

Question 17

Seventy percent of all Renaissance ________ lived and worked in Florence.

Answer 17

ARTISTS

Question 18

Brunelleschi also invented linear _____________. According to Jeremy Brotton, this invention changed the way we see, creating a modern way of looking at the world.

Answer 18

PERSPECTIVE

Question 19

The bronze sculpture of David by ________ was the first free-standing statue created since ancient Rome.

Answer 19

DONATELLO

Question 20

Once Il Duomo was finished, Cosimo organized the _____________ of Florence, which brought people from all over the world to his city; included were scholars who knew and could translate Greek the ancient Greek tests the Cosimo and his friends had been searching for.

Answer 20

GENERAL COUNCIL

Question 21

When Cosimo died in 1464, the Florentines declared him __________________, father of the fatherland.

Answer 21

PATER PATRIAE

Question 22

Did Lorenzo de Medici married Clarice Orsini because she was beautiful and he was in love with her?

Answer 22

no

Question 23

True or False:
The system of patronage used by the Medici family to operate Florence and Tuscany, in which people are personally loyal to a family that looks out for them in return, was similar to the system used by the Mafia to control Southern Italy.

Answer 23

true

Question 24

What did all of the artists that the Ninja turtles were named after have in common? What were their names?

Answer 24

They all worked for the Medici family.
(Leonardo, Michelangelo, Raphael, Donatello)

Question 25

True or False:
The Pazzi, a rival banking family, tried to have Lorenzo and his sister killed Easter Sunday 1478 in the Florentine cathedral.

Answer 25

false; it was Lorenzo and his brother

Question 26

True or False:
The Pazzi were killed or run out of Florence, but Pope Sixtus sent an army against Florence to avenge the death of his relatives.

Answer 26

true

Question 27

What advertised the Medici family’s power?

Answer 27

the frescoes in the chapel of the Medici Palace

Question 28

Which pope was in on the plot against the Medici?

Answer 28

Pope Sixtus

Question 29

True or False:
Lorenzo survived, and his supporters hanged the conspirators, including two relatives of the pope from the government building windows.

Answer 29

true

Question 30

How did Lorenzo de Medici rule Florence?

Answer 30

through influence rather than by law or elected position

Question 31

How did Lorenso defeat the Pope’s attempts to destroy Florence?

Answer 31

He visited his enemies in Naples alone and bribed them,

Question 32

True or False:
When Lorenzo returned to Florence, he was named “Il Magnifico” and asked to take over the government of Florence; he agreed.

Answer 32

False

Question 33

For 20 years, the Florentines benefited from Lorenzo’s public generosity, his “spending virtuously” on _____, _____, _____, and _____

Answer 33

buildings, art, festivals, and entertainments.

Question 34

True or False?
Monks hired by the Pazzi killed Guiliano by shooting him to death.

Answer 34

false

Question 35

What happened in the “Bonfires of the Vanities”?

Answer 35

Savonarola and his followers burned books, makeup, clothes, wigs, art, and jewelry.

Question 36

Who established the first art school in Florence?

Answer 36

Lorenzo

Question 37

Where Botticelli’s painting more religious or humanistic? What was one of his paintings?

Answer 37

humanistic
The Birth of Venus

Question 38

What happened to Savonderola six years after his fundamentalist backlash against the Renaissance and Lorenzo de Medici?

Answer 38

Savonarola was excommunicated, tortured, chained, hanged, and burned. Florence had turned against the prophet after suffering years of plague, war, and starvation.

Question 39

True or False?
Girolamo Savonarola was a Dominican priest who worked for Lorenzo.

Answer 39

False

Question 40

What exactly did Savonarola believe was evil?

Answer 40

nude paintings and non-religous art

Question 41

Did Michelangelo and Botticelli fight against Savonarola?

Answer 41

no

Question 42

True or False:
Eventually Botticelli either changed his mind about what subjects are appropriate for his own paintings or he feared the repercussions his art might bring because he threw some of his own paintings on Savonarola’s “Bonfire of the Vanities.”

Answer 42

true

Question 43

When Lorenzo died in 1492, did Savonarola forgive him on his deathbed?

Answer 43

no

Question 44

Who gained control of the city after Lorenzo’s death?

Answer 44

Savonarola

Question 45

What were some things that occured after Lorenzo died and Savonarola gained control?

Answer 45

his bands of “skinhead” teens roamed the city beating up prostitutes, burning homosexuals, and harassing anyone wearing jewelry, makeup, or elaborate clothes as well as anyone still owning dice or cards.

Question 46

What happened to the ‘amici delle amici’ (friends of friends) system of influence after Lorenzo died?

Answer 46

the system began to break down because there weren’t enough personal favors to go around and his banks began to fail

Question 47

Excommunicated Martin Luther

Answer 47

Giovanni de Medici

Question 48

Forced by Pope Julius to paint the Sistine Chapel

Answer 48

Michelangelo

Question 49

In 1517 attached his 95 theses on the door of the Wittenberg Cathedral

Answer 49

Martin Luther

Question 50

Was run out of Florence and exiled for 9 years, returned with an army to invade Florence, was later welcomed after becoming pope

Answer 50

Giovanni de Medici

Question 51

Refused Henry VIII’s divorce, leading to England’s establishing the first Protestant Church

Answer 51

Giovanni de Medici

Question 52

Forced by Pope Clement VII to create “The Last Judgement” over altar in Sistine Chapel

Answer 52

Michelangelo

Question 53

Was pope when Germans sacked Rome under Holy Roman Emperor Charles V; his poor negotiation skills were largely to blame for the attack

Answer 53

Giolio de Medici

Question 54

Hired by FLorentine government to set up defenses for Florence against Giovanni and Guilio de Medici; assembled a national militia

Answer 54

Niccolo Machaivelli

Question 55

Forced by Pope Leo X to sculpt Medici tombs in Florence

Answer 55

Michelangelo

Question 56

Sold papal indulgences to pay off his debts

Answer 56

Giovanni de Medici

Question 57

Son of Guiliano who was adopted by Lorenzo

Answer 57

Guilio de Medici

Question 58

Lorenzo’s son who became the youngest cardinal in history; Medici money brought him the papacy; he became Pope Leo X

Answer 58

Giovanni de Medici

Question 59

Became Pope Clement VII after the longest conclave in history; it took him two years to be elected

Answer 59

Guilio de Medici

Question 60

His statue of David became a symbol for Florence’s hatred for Medici

Answer 60

Michelangelo

Question 61

Wrote “the Prince”, and cynical book describing the realities of politics in his day; dedicated it to the Medici to fain their patronage

Answer 61

Niccolo Machiavelli

Question 62

Dissected corpses to learn human anatomy

Answer 62

Leonardo de Vinci

Question 63

Used as a pawn by Florentines, traded for the safety of the city when they surrendered to the army of Giovanni and Guilio; married to French prince at 14

Answer 63

Catherine de Medici

Question 64

Helped de Medici cousins get army to invade Florence after their exile

Answer 64

Pope Julius

Question 65

Wrote to his brother, “God has given us the papacy; let us enjoy it.”

Answer 65

Giovanni de Medici

Question 66

Employed nepotism when he made Guilio cardinal of Florence

Answer 66

Giovanni de Medici

Question 67

Was excommunicated; started protestant revolution called the Reformation

Answer 67

Martin Luther

Question 68

After the cardinal attempted his assassination, he created hundreds of jobs in the Vatican and sold them to his friends to make money and protect his position, much like a mafia don.

Answer 68

Giovanni de Medici

Question 69

Completed what his cousin began; splitting the church and starting war in Europe

Answer 69

Guilio de Medici