Medici Test Flashcards
The Renaissance begins when Cosimo de Medici and his friends search Europe for ____________. Simply reading pagan authors like Socrates and Plato was punishable by excommunication from the church.
CLASSICAL MANUSCRIPTS
Popes could excommunicate (throw from the church and damn forever) Christians guilty of _________, which was believing anything other than what the church preached.
HERESY
____________, who built the dome of the Florence Cathedral, was both architect and engineer.
BRUNELLESCHI
BRUNELLESCHI used __________ as supports for first time in 1000 years, creating a revolution in architecture.
ARCHES
Florentines came to watch the construction of the dome. One of the things that amazed them was Brunelleschi’s use of the classical orders of ________, which hadn’t been used since the fall of Rome.
COLUMNS
Although Brunelleschi examined the construction of the dome of the Roman Pantheon, he couldn’t use the same techniques because of the size of the dome and because the recipe for making _______ had been lost.
CONCRETE
Brunelleschi also devised a way to alter the ________ on pulleys so the oxen could pull the 1700-pound sandstone beams 250 feet into the air and return them to the ground without changing direction.
GEARS
Brunelleschi personally lay some of the_________ on the dome because what he proposed was so revolutionary that the brick masons were afraid the technique would fail and they would die.
BRICKS
Cosimo’s patronage of Brunelleschi helped the Medici family gain _________ and __________.
POWER PRESTIGE
The _________ banking family, who resented the power of the Medici, had _____________ arrested.
ALBIZZI COSIMO
Brunelleschi was jailed and forced to stop work on Il Duomo (the dome) when his patron was found guilty of treason against ____________.
FLORENCE
Cosimo escaped from the tower that was his prison by ________ the guards.
BRIBING
When Cosimo was finally asked to return to Florence, he had even more power and prestige. The Medici banks became the most important banks in Europe as they collected money for the __________.
POPE
Cosimo de Medici’s patronage of Baldesari Cossa paid off when Cosa became Pope __________________.
JOHN XXIII
Marcello Fantoni: “Patronage is great for the production of art but totally irrational from an economic view. ____________ is a political strategy… high political competition.
PATRONAGE
Florence was proud to be the only __________ in Europe; but the government was often corrupt.
REPUBLIC
Seventy percent of all Renaissance ________ lived and worked in Florence.
ARTISTS
Brunelleschi also invented linear _____________. According to Jeremy Brotton, this invention changed the way we see, creating a modern way of looking at the world.
PERSPECTIVE
The bronze sculpture of David by ________ was the first free-standing statue created since ancient Rome.
DONATELLO
Once Il Duomo was finished, Cosimo organized the _____________ of Florence, which brought people from all over the world to his city; included were scholars who knew and could translate Greek the ancient Greek tests the Cosimo and his friends had been searching for.
GENERAL COUNCIL
When Cosimo died in 1464, the Florentines declared him __________________, father of the fatherland.
PATER PATRIAE
Did Lorenzo de Medici married Clarice Orsini because she was beautiful and he was in love with her?
no
True or False:
The system of patronage used by the Medici family to operate Florence and Tuscany, in which people are personally loyal to a family that looks out for them in return, was similar to the system used by the Mafia to control Southern Italy.
true
What did all of the artists that the Ninja turtles were named after have in common? What were their names?
They all worked for the Medici family.
(Leonardo, Michelangelo, Raphael, Donatello)
True or False:
The Pazzi, a rival banking family, tried to have Lorenzo and his sister killed Easter Sunday 1478 in the Florentine cathedral.
false; it was Lorenzo and his brother
True or False:
The Pazzi were killed or run out of Florence, but Pope Sixtus sent an army against Florence to avenge the death of his relatives.
true
What advertised the Medici family’s power?
the frescoes in the chapel of the Medici Palace
Which pope was in on the plot against the Medici?
Pope Sixtus
True or False:
Lorenzo survived, and his supporters hanged the conspirators, including two relatives of the pope from the government building windows.
true
How did Lorenzo de Medici rule Florence?
through influence rather than by law or elected position
How did Lorenso defeat the Pope’s attempts to destroy Florence?
He visited his enemies in Naples alone and bribed them,
True or False:
When Lorenzo returned to Florence, he was named “Il Magnifico” and asked to take over the government of Florence; he agreed.
False
For 20 years, the Florentines benefited from Lorenzo’s public generosity, his “spending virtuously” on _____, _____, _____, and _____
buildings, art, festivals, and entertainments.
True or False?
Monks hired by the Pazzi killed Guiliano by shooting him to death.
false
What happened in the “Bonfires of the Vanities”?
Savonarola and his followers burned books, makeup, clothes, wigs, art, and jewelry.
Who established the first art school in Florence?
Lorenzo
Where Botticelli’s painting more religious or humanistic? What was one of his paintings?
humanistic
The Birth of Venus
What happened to Savonderola six years after his fundamentalist backlash against the Renaissance and Lorenzo de Medici?
Savonarola was excommunicated, tortured, chained, hanged, and burned. Florence had turned against the prophet after suffering years of plague, war, and starvation.
True or False?
Girolamo Savonarola was a Dominican priest who worked for Lorenzo.
False
What exactly did Savonarola believe was evil?
nude paintings and non-religous art
Did Michelangelo and Botticelli fight against Savonarola?
no
True or False:
Eventually Botticelli either changed his mind about what subjects are appropriate for his own paintings or he feared the repercussions his art might bring because he threw some of his own paintings on Savonarola’s “Bonfire of the Vanities.”
true
When Lorenzo died in 1492, did Savonarola forgive him on his deathbed?
no
Who gained control of the city after Lorenzo’s death?
Savonarola
What were some things that occured after Lorenzo died and Savonarola gained control?
his bands of “skinhead” teens roamed the city beating up prostitutes, burning homosexuals, and harassing anyone wearing jewelry, makeup, or elaborate clothes as well as anyone still owning dice or cards.
What happened to the ‘amici delle amici’ (friends of friends) system of influence after Lorenzo died?
the system began to break down because there weren’t enough personal favors to go around and his banks began to fail
Excommunicated Martin Luther
Giovanni de Medici
Forced by Pope Julius to paint the Sistine Chapel
Michelangelo
In 1517 attached his 95 theses on the door of the Wittenberg Cathedral
Martin Luther
Was run out of Florence and exiled for 9 years, returned with an army to invade Florence, was later welcomed after becoming pope
Giovanni de Medici
Refused Henry VIII’s divorce, leading to England’s establishing the first Protestant Church
Giovanni de Medici
Forced by Pope Clement VII to create “The Last Judgement” over altar in Sistine Chapel
Michelangelo
Was pope when Germans sacked Rome under Holy Roman Emperor Charles V; his poor negotiation skills were largely to blame for the attack
Giolio de Medici
Hired by FLorentine government to set up defenses for Florence against Giovanni and Guilio de Medici; assembled a national militia
Niccolo Machaivelli
Forced by Pope Leo X to sculpt Medici tombs in Florence
Michelangelo
Sold papal indulgences to pay off his debts
Giovanni de Medici
Son of Guiliano who was adopted by Lorenzo
Guilio de Medici
Lorenzo’s son who became the youngest cardinal in history; Medici money brought him the papacy; he became Pope Leo X
Giovanni de Medici
Became Pope Clement VII after the longest conclave in history; it took him two years to be elected
Guilio de Medici
His statue of David became a symbol for Florence’s hatred for Medici
Michelangelo
Wrote “the Prince”, and cynical book describing the realities of politics in his day; dedicated it to the Medici to fain their patronage
Niccolo Machiavelli
Dissected corpses to learn human anatomy
Leonardo de Vinci
Used as a pawn by Florentines, traded for the safety of the city when they surrendered to the army of Giovanni and Guilio; married to French prince at 14
Catherine de Medici
Helped de Medici cousins get army to invade Florence after their exile
Pope Julius
Wrote to his brother, “God has given us the papacy; let us enjoy it.”
Giovanni de Medici
Employed nepotism when he made Guilio cardinal of Florence
Giovanni de Medici
Was excommunicated; started protestant revolution called the Reformation
Martin Luther
After the cardinal attempted his assassination, he created hundreds of jobs in the Vatican and sold them to his friends to make money and protect his position, much like a mafia don.
Giovanni de Medici
Completed what his cousin began; splitting the church and starting war in Europe
Guilio de Medici
