Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BC-ADM 2015 - Study Material > Medications (brand - generic - class) > Flashcards

Medications (brand - generic - class) Flashcards

1
Q 
Brand: Prandin
Generic: ?
Class: ?
Route: ?
Dose: ?
Cost: low, moderate, or high?
A 
Generic: Repaglinide
Class: Meglitinides
Route: Oral
Dose: 0.5 - 4 mg 15 - 30 minutes prior to each meal (TID). Skip if meal skipped.
Cost: Moderate
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q 
Brand: Starlix
Generic: ?
Class: ?
Route: ?
Dose: ?
Cost: low, moderate, or high?
A 
Generic: Nataglinide
Class: Meglitinides
Route: Oral
Dose: 60 - 120 mg po 1 - 30 minutes prior to each meal (TID). Skip if meal skipped.
Cost: Moderate
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Mechanism of Action:

Meglitinides

A

Stimulates beta cells to release insulin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Major Side Effects:

Meglitinides

A

Hypoglycemia, weight gain, frequent dosing, possibly blunts myocardial ischemic preconditioning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q 
Brand: Glucophage
Generic: ?
Class: ?
Route: ?
Dose: ?
Cost: low, moderate, or high?
A 
Generic: Metformin
Class: Biguanides
Route: Oral
Dose: 500 - 2550 mg po daily (divided doses)
Cost: Low
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Mechanism of Action:

Biguanides

A

Decrease hepatic glucose production and intestinal glucose absorption; increases insulin sensitivity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Contraindications:

Metformin

A

SCr > 1.4 in women or > 1.5 in men, patients receiving IV contrast, severe dehydration, hypoxia, acidosis, severe CKD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Metformin: Caution use in _________

A

CHF, elderly, alcohol abuse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Major Side Effects:

Metformin

A

GI side effects (diarrhea, abdominal cramping), rare lactic acidosis, vitamin B12 deficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q 
Brand: Januvia
Generic: ?
Class: ?
Route: ?
Dose: ?
Cost: low, moderate, or high?
A 
Generic: Sitagliptin
Class: DPP-4 Inhibitor
Route: Oral
Dose: 100 mg po daily (reduce in renal dysfunction)
Cost: High
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q 
Brand: Onglyza
Generic: ?
Class: ?
Route: ?
Dose: ?
Cost: low, moderate, or high?
A 
Generic: Saxagliptin
Class: DPP-4 Inhibitor
Route: Oral
Dose: 2.5 - 5 mg po daily (reduce in renal dysfunction)
Cost: High
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q 
Brand: Tradjenta
Generic: ?
Class: ?
Route: ?
Dose: ?
Cost: low, moderate, or high?
A 
Generic: Linagliptin
Class: DPP-4 Inhibitor
Route: Oral
Dose: 5 mg po daily (no dosage adjustment in renal dysfunction)
Cost: High
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q 
Brand: Nesina
Generic: ?
Class: ?
Route: ?
Dose: ?
Cost: low, moderate, or high?
A 
Generic: Alogliptin
Class: DPP-4 Inhibitor
Route: Oral
Dose: 25 mg po daily (reduce in renal dysfunction)
Cost: High
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Mechanism of Action:

DPP-4 Inhibitors

A

Inhibits dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) and therefore decreases the metabolism of incretin; increased incretin leads to glucose-dependent increase in insulin secretion and decrease in glucagon secretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Major Side Effects:

DPP-4 Inhibitors

A

Rare angioedema/urticaria and other immune-mediated dermatological effects, possibly increase in pancreatitis, possibly increase in heart failure hospitalizations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Classes of DM drugs that are weight NEUTRAL

A
  1. DPP-4 Inhibitors
  2. Metformin/Biguanides
  3. Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors
  4. Bile Acid Sequestrants
  5. Dopamine 2 Agonists
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Classes of DM drugs that cause weight GAIN

A
  1. Sulfonylureas
  2. Meglitinides
  3. TZDs
  4. Insulin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Classes of DM drugs that cause weight LOSS

A
  1. SGLT-2 Inhibitors (sometimes weight neutral)
  2. GLP-1 Agonists
  3. Amylin Mimetics
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

DPP-4 Inhibitors:

Average HbA1c reduction =

A

Average A1c reduction of 0.5 - 0.8%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q 
Brand: Byetta
Generic: ?
Class: ?
Route: ?
Dose: ?
Cost: low, moderate, or high?
A 
Generic: Exenatide
Class: GLP-1 Agonist
Route: SubQ
Dose: 5 - 10 mcg SQ BID within 1 hr before meals
Cost: High
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q 
Brand: Bydureon
Generic: ?
Class: ?
Route: ?
Dose: ?
Cost: low, moderate, or high?
A 
Generic: Exenatide
Class: GLP-1 Agonist
Route: SubQ
Dose: 2 mg SQ every week
Cost: High
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q 
Brand: Victoza
Generic: ?
Class: ?
Route: ?
Dose: ?
Cost: low, moderate, or high?
A 
Generic: Liraglutide
Class: GLP-1 Agonist
Route: SubQ
Dose: 1.2 - 1.8 mg SQ daily
Cost: High
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q 
Brand: Trulicity
Generic: ?
Class: ?
Route: ?
Dose: ?
Cost: low, moderate, or high?
A 
Generic: Dulaglutide
Class: GLP-1 Agonist
Route: SubQ
Dose: 0.75 - 1.5 mg SQ every week
Cost: High
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q 
Brand: Tanzeum
Generic: ?
Class: ?
Route: ?
Dose: ?
Cost: low, moderate, or high?
A 
Generic: Albiglutide
Class: GLP-1 Agonist
Route: SubQ
Dose: 30 - 50 mg SQ every week
Cost: High
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Mechanism of Action:

GLP-1 Agonists

A

Activates the GLP-1 receptor causing glucose-dependent insulin secretion, decreased glucagon secretion, slows gastric emptying, and increases satiety.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Contraindications:

GLP-1 Agonists

A

History or family hx of medullary thyroid carcinoma, multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome type 2 (MENS type 2)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

GLP-1 Agonists: Caution use in _______

A

History of pancreatitis, GI disease/bowel obstruction, severe gastroparesis, renal impairment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Counseling point: When taking daily GLP-1 agonists, when should you take your other medications?

A

Take regular medications at least one hours prior to GLP-1 agonists due to delayed gastric emptying

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

GLP-1 Agonists:

Average HbA1c reduction =

A

Average A1c reduction of 0.5 - 1%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Major side effects:

GLP-1 Agonists

A

GI side effects (N/V/D), increased heart rate, possibly increase risk of pancreatitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q 
Brand: Welchol
Generic: ?
Class: ?
Route: ?
Dose: ?
Cost: low, moderate, or high?
A 
Generic: Colesevelam
Class: Bile Acid Sequestrant
Route: Oral (tablet or powder)
Dose: 3750 mg (6 tabs or one packet) po daily or 1875 mg (3 tabs or one packet) po BID
Cost: High
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Mechanism of Action:

Bile Acid Sequestrants

A

Exact DM mechanisms unknown; binds bile acids in GI tract and increases hepatic bile acid production. Likely decreases hepatic glucose production and possibly increases incretin levels.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Major side effects:

Bile Acid Sequestrant

A

Constipation, increased triglycerides, bowel obstruction, may decrease absorption of other medications, may cause malabsorption of fat-soluble vitamins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Bile Acid Sequestrant:

When added to metformin, SU, or insulin, average HbA1c reduction =

A

Average A1c reduction of 0.5%

35
Q

Contraindications:

Bile Acid Sequestrants

A

History of or current GI obstruction, pancreatitis, Triglycerides > 500 mg/dL

36
Q

Bile Acid Sequestrates: caution use in _____

A

GI motility disorders/gastroparesis, patients at risk for GI obstruction, major GI surgery, patients with fat-soluble vitamin deficiency risk.

37
Q

Counseling point: When taking a bile acid sequestrant, when should you take your other medications?

A

Take other medications at least 1 hour before or 4 - 6 hours after bile acid sequestrants since BAS can prevent absorption of medications

38
Q 
Brand: Actos
Generic: ?
Class: ?
Route: ?
Dose: ?
Cost: low, moderate, or high?
A 
Generic: Pioglitazone
Class: TZD
Route: Oral
Dose: 15 - 45 mg po daily
Cost: Low
39
Q 
Brand: Avandia
Generic: ?
Class: ?
Route: ?
Dose: ?
Cost: low, moderate, or high?
A 
Generic: Rosiglitazone
Class: TZD
Route: Oral
Dose: 4 - 8 mg po divided daily or BID
Cost: Low
40
Q

Mechanism of Action:

Thiazolidinediones (TZDs)

A

Increases insulin sensitivity

41
Q

Major Side Effects:

Thiazolidinediones (TZDs)

A

Weight gain, edema, CHF exacerbation, bone fractures, hepatotoxicity, increased LDL (rosiglitazone only), possibly increased MI (rosiglitazone only), possibly increased bladder cancer (pioglitazone only)

42
Q

Contraindications:

Thiazolidinediones (TZDs)

A

NYHA III-IV CHF, symptomatic CHF, active bladder cancer, ACS, baseline ALT > 2.5x ULN

43
Q

Thiazolidinediones (TZDs): Caution use in _____

A

Patients at risk for CHF, with underlying edema, hepatic impairment, concurrent SU (hypoglycemia), bladder cancer history

44
Q 
Brand: Precose
Generic: ?
Class: ?
Route: ?
Dose: ?
Cost: low, moderate, or high?
A 
Generic: Acarbose
Class: Alpha Glucosidase Inhibitor
Route: Oral
Dose: 50 - 100 mg po TID w/ meals
Cost: Moderate
45
Q 
Brand: Glyset
Generic: ?
Class: ?
Route: ?
Dose: ?
Cost: low, moderate, or high?
A 
Generic: Miglitol
Class: Alpha Glucosidase Inhibitor
Route: Oral
Dose: 50 - 100 mg po TID w/meals
Cost: Moderate
46
Q

Mechanism of Action:

Alpha Glucosidase Inhibitors (AGIs)

A

Inhibits alpha-glucosidase which slows intestinal carbohydrate digestion/absorption. Slows the breakdown of oligo-, tri-, and disaccharides.

47
Q

Major Side Effects:

Alpha Glucosidase Inhibitors (AGIs)

A

GI side effects such as flatulence, diarrhea, abdominal pain

48
Q

Contraindications:

Alpha Glucosidase Inhibitors (AGIs)

A

Patients with inflammatory bowel disease, cirrhosis, partial GI obstruction, malabsorption syndromes, SCr > 2

49
Q

Counseling point: If a patient experiences hypoglycemia and has been taking an alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, what should they use to treat their hypoglycemia?

A

Options include:

  1. Glucose tabs/gel
  2. IV glucose
  3. Non-fat or low-fat milk
  4. Glucagon

Table sugar (sucrose) and other sugars will not work since AGIs slow the breakdown/absorption oligo-, tri-, and disaccharides

50
Q 
Brand: Glucotrol
Generic: ?
Class: ?
Route: ?
Dose: ?
Cost: low, moderate, or high?
A 
Generic: Glipizide
Class: Sulfonylureas (SU)
Route: Oral
Dose: 2.5 - 20 mg po daily-BID (limited efficacy above 20 mg daily)
Cost: Low
51
Q 
Brand: DiaBeta
Generic: ?
Class: ?
Route: ?
Dose: ?
Cost: low, moderate, or high?
A 
Generic: Glyburide (non-micronized)
Class: Sulfonylurea
Route: Oral
Dose: 1.25 - 20 mg po divided daily-BID
Cost: Low
52
Q 
Brand: Micronase (brand discontinued)
Generic: ?
Class: ?
Route: ?
Dose: ?
Cost: low, moderate, or high?
A 
Generic: Glyburide (micronized)
Class: Sulfonylurea
Route: Oral
Dose: 1.5 - 12 mg po divided daily-BID
Cost: Low
53
Q 
Brand: Amaryl
Generic: ?
Class: ?
Route: ?
Dose: ?
Cost: low, moderate, or high?
A 
Generic: Glimepiride
Class: Sulfonylurea
Route: Oral
Dose: 1 - 8 mg po daily
Cost: Low
54
Q

Mechanism of Action:

Sulfonylureas (SU)

A

Increases insulin secretion by stimulating pancreatic beta cells

55
Q

Major Side Effects:

Sulfonylureas (SU)

A

Hypoglycemia, weight gain, possibly blunts myocardial ischemic preconditioning. Less common: rash, headache, N/V, photosensitivity

56
Q

Contraindications:

Sulfonylureas (SU)

A

Allergy to sulfonamides (sulfa allergy)

57
Q

Sulfonylureas: Caution use in ____

A

Patients with hypoglycemia unawareness, severe renal impairment, severe hepatic impairment, elderly patients, adrenal insufficiency, malnutrition, G6PD deficiency

58
Q

If used, which sulfonylurea is the safer option in patients with renal disease?

A

Glipizide (shorter duration, metabolites are not really eliminated)

59
Q

Mechanism of Action:

Dopamine-2 Agonists

A

Precise DM mechanism unknown; may modulate hypothalamic regulation of metabolism (may decrease hepatic glucose production); increase insulin sensitivity

60
Q

Contraindications:

Dopamine-2 Agonists (Bromocriptine)

A

Hypersensitivity to ergot derivatives, syncopal migraines

61
Q

Bromocriptine: Caution use in ______

A

Hepatic impairment, psychosis, concomitant use with dopamine receptor antagonists including neuroleptic drugs

62
Q 
Brand: Cycloset
Generic: ?
Class: ?
Route: ?
Dose: ?
Cost: low, moderate, or high?
A 
Generic: Bromocriptine
Class: Dopamine-2 Agonists
Route: Oral
Dose: 1.6 - 4.8 mg po qAM (within 2 hours of waking, with food)
Cost: High
63
Q

Major Side Effects:

Dopamine-2 Agonists

A

Dizziness, syncope, nausea, fatigue, rhinitis

64
Q

Sulfonylureas:

Average HbA1c reduction =

A

Average A1c reduction of 1 - 2%

65
Q

Biguanides:

Average HbA1c reduction =

A

Average A1c reduction of 1 - 2%

66
Q

Meglitinides:

Average HbA1c reduction =

A

Average A1c reduction of 1 - 1.5%

67
Q

Thiazolidinediones:

Average HbA1c reduction =

A

Average A1c reduction of 0.5 - 1.4%

68
Q

Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors:

Average HbA1c reduction =

A

Average A1c reduction of 0.5 - 0.8%

69
Q

Dopamine-2 Agonists:

Average HbA1c reduction =

A

Average A1c reduction 0.3 - 0.8%

70
Q

SGLT-2 Inhibitors:

Average HbA1c reduction =

A

Average A1c reduction of 0.7 - 1%

71
Q

Amylin Mimetics:

Average HbA1c reduction =

A

Average A1c reduction of 0.5 - 1%

72
Q 
Brand: Symlin
Generic: ?
Class: ?
Route: ?
Dose: ?
Cost: low, moderate, or high?
A 
Generic: Pramlintide
Class: Amylin Mimetic
Route: SubQ
Dose: T1DM: 30-60 mcg SQ TID
T2DM: 120 mcg SQ TID
Cost: High
73
Q

Mechanism of Action:

Amylin Mimetics

A

Decreases glucagon secretion, slows gastric emptying, and increases satiety thereby decreasing post-prandial glucose excursions

74
Q

Contraindications: Amylin Mimetics

A

Gastroparesis, recurrent severe hypoglycemia, hypoglycemia unawareness

75
Q

Major Side Effects:

Amylin Mimetics

A

GI side effects (N/V), increases risk for hypoglycemia

76
Q

Amylin Mimetics: Caution use in _____

A

Patients on sulfonylureas (increased hypoglycemia), insulin (need to lower meal time insulin doses).

77
Q

Mechanism of Action:

SGLT2 Inhibitors

A

Inhibits sodium-glucose cotransporter type 2 (SGLT2) in the proximal nephron which blocks glucose reabsorption and increases urinary glucose excretion

78
Q 
Brand: Invokana
Generic: ?
Class: ?
Route: ?
Dose: ?
Cost: low, moderate, or high?
A 
Generic: Canagliflozin
Class: SGLT2 Inhibitor
Route: Oral
Dose: 100 - 300 mg po daily
Cost: High
79
Q 
Brand: Farxiga
Generic: ?
Class: ?
Route: ?
Dose: ?
Cost: low, moderate, or high?
A 
Generic: Dapagliflozin
Class: SGLT2 Inhibitor
Route: Oral
Dose: 5 - 10 mg po daily
Cost: High
80
Q 
Brand: Jardiance
Generic: ?
Class: ?
Route: ?
Dose: ?
Cost: low, moderate, or high?
A 
Generic: Empagliflozin
Class: SGLT2 Inhibitor
Route: Oral
Dose: 10 - 25 mg po daily
Cost: High
81
Q

Major Side Effects:

SGLT2 Inhibitors

A

Female genital mycotic infections, UTI, orthostatic hypotension, transient increase in SCr, increase LDL, increased urination, ketoacidosis, hyperkalemia

82
Q

Contraindications:

SGLT2 Inhibitors

A

Volume depletion, eGFR less than 45 ml/min (or 60 ml/min for dapagliflozin)

83
Q

SGLT2 Inhibitors: Caution use in _____

A

Elderly (more side effects, less A1c benefits), uncircumcised males, hyperlipidemia, hyperkalemia risk, hypotension risk, concurrent nephrotoxic agents

BC-ADM 2015 - Study Material (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions