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Glaucoma > Medications > Flashcards

Medications Flashcards

1
Q

prodrugs

A

latanoprost and travoprost

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2
Q

B2 selective

A

betaxolol

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3
Q

B-blockers mechanism

A

decrease cAMP,

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4
Q

B-blockers side effects

A

worsening depression and myasthenia, increase serum lipids, masks hypoglycemia

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5
Q

alpha-adrenergic mechanism

A

aqueous suppressant and lowers EVP

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6
Q

alpha-adrenergic selective

A

brimonidine more alpha2 selective than apraclonidine

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7
Q

alpha-adrenergic side effects

A

dry mouth, lethargy, blepharodermatitis, follicular conjunctivitis, MAO contraindicated

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8
Q

carbonic anhydrase inhibitors - side effects

A

bitter taste, worsening corneal edema, metabolic acidosis,

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9
Q

avoid oral diamox in patients using

A

thiazide and loop diuretics

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10
Q

miotics - mechanism

A

contracting the longitudinal ciliary muscle, pulls scleral spur, tightens TM, increases outflow

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11
Q

miotics - side effects

A

brow ache, RD, cataract, iris cysts in children, epiphora, increased bleeding during surgery, lacrimal duct stenosis, worsening pupillary block

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12
Q

pregnancy - drugs which categories and actions

A

all category C except brimonidine (B). latanoprost - uterine contractions. dorzolamide - teratogenic.

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13
Q

breastfeeding - which contraindicated

A

brimonidine (CNS depression)

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14
Q

not reversible side effect of latanoprost

A

increase in iris pigmentation

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15
Q

medications that may induce angle closure

A

adrenergic (sympathomimetic) or anticholinergic (parasympatholytic): allergic and cold remedies, antidepressants, urological medications

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16
Q

Collaborative normal-tension glaucoma study

A

lowering IOP by 30% reduces visual field progression 35-12%

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17
Q

Netarsudil - most common side effect

A

conjunctival hyperemia without irritation

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18
Q

Advantage of using combination of timolol and brimonidine (Combigan)

A

less conjunctival hyperemia

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19
Q

Mannitol - dose

A

1-2 g/kg body weight over 30-45 minutes = 250ml bag of 20% mannitol given over 30 mins

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20
Q

Which med is contraindicated in infants <3yo and why

A

brimonidine –> CNS depression

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21
Q

Beta-blockers and serum lipids

A

increase LDL and decrease HDL

22
Q

Iris darkening - mechanism

A

Increased number of melanosomes

23
Q

Microspherophakia - what drops and mechanism of treatment

A

dilating drops; they flattten the lens and pull it back more posteriorly in the capsular bag

24
Q

Nonselective adrenergic agonists - examples and when contraindicated

A

Epinephrine, dipivefrin. CME, posterior capsule rupture.

25
Q

Nonselective adrenergic agonists - examples and side effects

A

Epinephrine, dipivefrin. adrenochrome deposits, staining of soft CL, hypertension, tachycardia, headache

26
Q

Beta-blockers which has intrinsic sympathomimetic activity

A

carteolol (less cardiac effect)

27
Q

What percentage of cliliary epithelial carbonic anhydrase needs to be ingibited to decrease aqueous production sufficiently to reduce IOP

A

90%

28
Q

Which drug reduces rebleeding rates after traumatic hyphema?

A

aminocaproic acid

29
Q

Angle closure - Which medications is contraidicated and why

A

apraclonidine. pupil dilation and iris ischemia

30
Q

Używki - decrease IOP

A

alcohol, cannabis, heroin

31
Q

Używki - increase IOP

A

LSD, ketamine

32
Q

alcohol - increase or decrease IOP

A

decrease

33
Q

cannabis - increase or decrease IOP

A

decrease

34
Q

heroin - increase or decrease IOP

A

decrease

35
Q

LSD - increase or decrease IOP

A

increase

36
Q

ketamine - increase or decrease IOP

A

increase

37
Q

Best locally tolerated topical IOP-lowering medications

A

beta-blockers

38
Q

Which drops does NOT come in a BAK-free form

A

brinzolamide

39
Q

Topiramate angle-closure - treatment

A

cyclopentolate 1%

40
Q

anhydrase inhibitors - which more irritation, which blurring

A

irritation - dorzolamide; brinzolamide - blurring

41
Q

latanoprostene bunod 0.024% - mechanism of action

A

conventional and nonconventional routes

42
Q

Prostaglandines - when contraindicated

A

when a history of herpetic keratitis (risk of reactivation)

43
Q

“indirect” parasympathomimetic medication

A

echothiophate iodide

44
Q

Betaxolol - selective which receptor? Good for whom?

A

beta 2. for asthmatics

45
Q

Goniolenses which can be used for dynamic gonio

A

Zeiss, Posner, Sussman

46
Q

Goniolenses which cannot be used for dynamic gonio

A

Goldmann

47
Q

Which drug has the highest incidence of periocular blepharitis/dermatitis

A

apraclonidine 40%

48
Q

prolong the paralyzing effect of depolarizing medications like succinylcholine

A

echothiophate iodide

49
Q

methazolamide - when better than acetazolamide

A

kidney problems (metabolised by liver), produces less acidosis

50
Q

Which general anesthetic does not affect IOP

A

chloral hydrate. ketamine increases. other lower

Glaucoma (7 decks)

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