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Glaucoma > Disorders > Flashcards

Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

sign in plateau iris

A

sine-wave sign

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2
Q

plateau iris - PAS formation

A

begins at Schwalbe line and extends posteriorly

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3
Q

ICE syndrome - features, glaucoma more severe in…

A

vessels cross TM, high PAS extend over Schwalbe line, uni, F 20-50, glaucoma more severe in essential iris atrophy and Cogan Reese

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4
Q

ICE syndrome - cornea

A

beaten bronze metal

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5
Q

Cogan-Reese syndrome

A

multiple, pedunculated iris nodules

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6
Q

Chandler syndrome

A

corneal edema

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7
Q

Essential iris atrophy

A

corectopia and hole formation

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8
Q

ICE syndrome - which variant is the most common

A

Chandler syndrome

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9
Q

angle recession - definition

A

tear in the ciliary body, typically between the longitudinal and circular muscle fibers

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10
Q

angle recession - features in gonioscopy

A

torn or absent iris processes, “glistening” scleral spur, depression in TM, PAS at the border of recession

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11
Q

Posner-Schlossman - uni or bi, sex, age, virus, features, what if steroids and lowering IOP does not help

A

uni, M, 20-30 yo, (pylori,HSC), CMV, diffuse iris atrophy, absent PAS, topical 2% ganciclovir, then oral Vanganciclovir

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12
Q

Where notches of optic disc in early glaucoma

A

inferior and superior temporal

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13
Q

What is NOT effective in CIE syndrome?

A

Miotics (pilocarpine), SLT

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14
Q

Juvenile glaucoma - gene

A

GLC1A = TIGR/MYOC (protein myocilin)

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15
Q

3% POAG - gene

A

GLC1A = TIGR/MYOC (protein myocilin)

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16
Q

Primary congenital glaucoma - gene

A

CYP1B1 (GLC3A)

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17
Q

Normal tension glaucoma - gene

A

OPTN, GLC1B

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18
Q

Iridoschisis - definition

A

separation of the anterior iris stroma from the posterior iris stroma

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19
Q

Signs of elevated episcleral venous pressure (EVP)

A

“corkscrew vessels”, blood in Schlemm’s canal, proptosis, wide ocular pulse amplitude->pulsations, orbital bruit

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20
Q

Normal tension glaucoma - sings

A

nerve fiber later hemorrhages (escpecially inferotemporally), peripapillary atrophy, disc notching, disc sloping, larger optic disc size, VF - defects depper and closer to fixation

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21
Q

Essential Iris Atrophy

A

severe progressive iris atrophy causing heterochromia, corectopia, extropion uveae, iris hole formation. glaucoma severe

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22
Q

Chandler syndrome

A

minimal iris changes. corneal and angle chamges predominate

23
Q

Cogan-Reese syndrome

A

less iris atrophy. tan pedunculated nodules or diffuse pigmented lesions on the anterior iris surface glaucoma severe

24
Q

Which population has the highest prevalence of primary angle closure glaucoma

A

Inuits

25
Q

Pigment dispersion

A

mid-peripheral transillumination defects, Sampoelsi line, posterior bowing of the iris, reverse pupillary block, Scheie strip (pigment on capsule and zonules), Zentmayer line (pigment on equatorial lens)

26
Q

Pigment dispersion - treatment

A

medications, SLT, LPI (controversial), trabeculectomy, tube shunts

27
Q

Ectopia lentis - laser treatment

A

2 LPI situated 180 degrees apart. definitive -lens extraction

28
Q

What is reversible after treatment of congenital glaucoma

A

increased axial length, increased cupping, corneal edema

29
Q

What is irreversible after treatment of congenital glaucoma

A

increased horizontal corneal diameter

30
Q

gonioscopy in PEX

A

slightly narrow with a (patchy) pigmented deposition anterior to Schwalbe line inferiorly

31
Q

Amsler-Verrey sign

A

break of fragile vessels causing hyphema during intraocular surgery in Fuchs heterochromic iridocyclitis

32
Q

primary closure glaucoma - how deep AC predisposes

A

<2.5mm

33
Q

When greatest risk of rebleeding in AC after trauma

A

3-7 days after injury

34
Q

Schwartz-Matsuo syndrome

A

IOP in chronic rRD. presence of photoreceptor outer segments

35
Q

where are PAS from chronic uveitis typically concentrated?

A

inferior angle

36
Q

where are PAS from primary angle closure typically concentrated?

A

superior angle

37
Q

PAS in neovascular glaucoma

A

end at Schwalbe’s line

38
Q

PEX gene

A

LOXL1

39
Q

pigment dispersion - findings, features in treatment

A

mid peripheral spoke-like iris transillumination defects, concave iris in gonio, SLT like in PEX, higher risk of hypotony with filtering surgery

40
Q

phacolytic

A

inflammatory, leakage, macrophages in TM, hypermature cataract, corneal edema, cell flare, NO KPs

41
Q

lens particle

A

cortical material blocks TM, lens absent or post traums,

42
Q

phacoantigenic

A

sensitized to lens proteins, inflammation + KPs, lens absent or post trauma

43
Q

Glaucomatocyclitis crisis - other name

A

Posner-Schlossman syndrome

44
Q

Posner-Schlossman syndrome - other name

A

Glaucomatocyclitis crisis

45
Q

Posner-Schlossman syndrome - features

A

HSV, CMV?, recurrent low grade inflammation + IOP spikes, steroids do not help

46
Q

Fuchs heterochromic - virus, vessels

A

rubella. fine vessels do not cross the TM, do not lead to PAS, angle remains open

47
Q

ICE - vessels

A

cross the TM

48
Q

increased EVP - conditions

A

AV fistula, orbital varix, Sturge-Weber, retrobulbar tumor, TED, superior vena cava syndrome

49
Q

Hemolytic glaucoma

A

after VH, Hb laden macrophages block TM, red tingled cells in AC

50
Q

Ghost cell glaucoma

A

after VH, degenerated RBC block TM, khaki coloured cells in AC

51
Q

pupillary block PAS

A

extend anteriorly

52
Q

iris plateau PAS

A

begin at Schwalbe line and extend posteriorly over the TM

53
Q

iris plateau - mechanism

A

anteriorly positioned ciliary process pushes peripheral iris forward OR more antior junction of the iris dialtor muscle and ciliary epithelium

54
Q

aqueous misdirection - treatment

A

intense cycloplegia, YAG anterior hyaloid, PPV with anterior hyaloido-zonulectomy

Glaucoma (7 decks)

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