Medications Flashcards
Fleet enema
Has a lot of sodium so makes you retain water in vascular space and can cause fluid volume excess
Also, has phosphorus in it so can use to decrease Ca (inverse relationship)
Alka-seltzer
Has a lot of sodium so makes you retain water in vascular space and can cause fluid volume excess
Aldosterone
Mineralocorticoid Steriod
when blood volume gets too low (from vomiting or hemorrhage) aldosterone can cause retention of Na AND water so blood volume increases
make you lose potassium
Vasopressin (Pitressin)
another name for antidiuretic hormone - may be used for ADH replacement in diabetes insipidus (not enough ADH)
Demopressin acetate (DDAVP)
may be used for antidiuretic hormone replacement in diabetes insipidus (not enough ADH)
Furosemide
(Lasix) Loop Diuretic
Watch lab work
Dehydration can occur
Electrolyte problems (loose K - so increase foods high in K)
will decrease preload
give IV push SLOWLY to prevent otoxicity and hypotension
given for pulmonary edema - diuresis and vasodilaties so traps more blood in arms and legs to reduce preload and afterload
Bumetanide
(Bumex) loop diuretic, given when Lasix doesn’t work
Watch lab work
Dehydration can occur
Electrolyte problems (loose K - so increase foods high in K)
will decrease preload
can give for pulmonary edema to provide rapid fluid removal
Hydrochlorothiazide
(Thiazide) (HCTZ) Diuretic Watch lab work Dehydration can occur Electrolyte problems (loose K - so increase foods high in K) will decrease preload
Spiralactone
(Aldactone) K sparing diuretic
makes you retain potassium
limit foods in K (salt substitutes)
will decrease preload
Calcium Gluconate
antidote for Mg toxicity
reverse respiratory depression and potential arrhythmias caused by mg toxicity
administered IVP very slowly (max rate 1.5-2 ml/min)*
Phospho Soda
Sodium phosphate
Use to decrease Ca because has inverse relationship with phosphorus
Calcitonin
decreases serum Ca
given to tx osteoporosis pts by making the bones stronger by driving Ca back into bones
Vitamin D
helps utilize Calcium
Sevelamer Hydrochloride
(Renagel) phosphate binder - bind to phsophorus to decrease and then can increase Calcium because of inverse relationship
Given for hypoparathyroidism = hypocalcemia = hyperphosphatemia
Calcium Acetate
(PhosLo) phosphate binder - bind to phsophorus to decrease and then can increase Calcium because of inverse relationship
Given for hypoparathyroidism = hypocalcemia = hyperphosphatemia
IV calcium
GIVE SLOWLY and make sure pt is on a heart monitor because it causes bradycardia - it acts like a sedative and can widen QRS complex
Given for hypoparathyroidism = hypocalcemia = hyperphosphatemia
Sodium polystyrene sulfate
(Kayexalate)
only give when documented case of hypokalemia
exchanges Na and K in GI tract
push fluids with so don’t become dehydrated
increases Na and decreases K (inverse relationship)
Albumin
holds onto fluid in the vascular space so increases vascular volume increases kidney perfusion increases bp increases cardiac output
Tetanus Toxoid
Active Immunity
takes 2-4 weeks to develop their own immunity
body has to take active role with the shot
makes body produce own antibodies
boosts body
Immune Globulin
think immediate protection!!
passive immunity - body lays there passively - not working for antibodies, just given them
injecting pt with antibodies!
give if don’t know when had last tetanus and not knowing if they have current antibodies to boost
Mannitol
osmotic diuretic
decreases cerebral edema and intracranial pressure
Only one given to flush out kidneys when see brown or red urine in burn pt
- can crystalize if gets too cold
- don’t refrigerate
- use inline filter
- observe for clarity before administering
magnesium carbonate
(Mylanta)
given to prevent a stress ulcer or curling’s ulcer (stress ulcer from burns)
Prantoprazole
(Prontonix) proton pump inhibitor
given to prevent a stress ulcer or curling’s ulcer (stress ulcer from burns)
given for pancreatitis
decreases acid secretions
Famotidine
(Pepcid) H2 antagonist
given to prevent a stress ulcer or curling’s ulcer (stress ulcer from burns)
can be given during dialysis because not filtered through kidneys
given for pancreatitis
given for peptic ulcer
aluminum hydroxide gel
(Amphogel) Antacid
Magnesium hydroxide
(Milk of Magnesium) Antacid
ranitidine
(Zantac) H2 antagonist
given for pancreatitis
given for peptic ulcer
nixatidine
(Axid) H2 antagonist
esomeprazole
(Nexium) proton pump inhibitor
decreases acid secretions
given for peptic ulcer
sutilanis
(Travase) enzymatic drug - eats dead tissue (debridement)
Don’t use on face - can leave scar
Don’t use if pregnant
Don’t use over large nerves
Don’t use if area is open to a body cavity - cant eat organs
collagenase
(Santyl) enzymatic drug - eats dead tissue (debridement)
Don’t use on face - can leave scar
Don’t use if pregnant
Don’t use over large nerves
Don’t use if area is open to a body cavity - cant eat organs
silver sulfadiazine
(silvadene) for burns
soothing, apply directly, if it rubs off apply more, can lower the WBC, can cause a rash
mafenide acetate
(Sulfamylon) for burns
can cause acid base problems, stings, if it rubs off apply more
silver nitrate
for burns
keep dressings wet, can cause electrolyte problems
povidone-iodine
(Betadine) for burns
stings, stains, allergies, acid base problems
Mycin drugs
worry about ototxicity and nephrotoxicity *
so watch the pts BUN, creatitine for increases and watch if pt complains of hearing los
Always make sure _________ before you start antibiotics
the cultures were collected
doxorubicin
(Adriamycin) chemotherapy
used for uterine, breast, and stomach cancer
cisplatin
(Platinol-AQ) chemotherapy
used for uterine and stomach cancer
medroxyprogesterone
(Depo-Provera) estrogen inhibitor
Used for uterine cancer
tamoxifen
(Nolvadex/Soltamox) estrogen inhibitor
Used for uterine and breast cancer
paclitaxel
(Taxol) chemotherapy
used for breast cancer
leuprolide
(Lupron) estrogen synthesis inhibitors
puts pt into a type of menopause
good for breast cancer because breast tumors are estrogen dependent
goserelin
(Zoladex) estrogen synthesis inhibitors
puts pt into a type of menopause
good for breast cancer because breast tumors are estrogen dependent
belladonna and opium suppository
(B&O suppository)
given for bladder spasms
oxybutynin
(Ditropan)
given for bladder spasms
docusate
(Colace) stool softener used to avoid straining
leuprolide
(Lupron) decreases testosterone
fluorouracil
(5-FU) chemotherapy
used for stomach cancer
mutamycin
(Mitomycin-C) chemotherapy
used for stomach cancer
Calcitonin
or Calcimar
decreases serum Ca+ levels by taking calcium out of the blood and pushing it back into the bone
good for osteoporosis
Amiodarone
(Cordarone) antiarrhythmic drug
used when V fib and pulseless v tach are resistant to treatment
also for fast arrythmias
can cause hypotension that can lead to further arrhythmias!
contains high levels of iodine and may affect thyroid function - so may sure discontinued 1 week prior to thyroid scan
propylthiouracil
(PTU) anti-thyroid
stops thyroid from making thyroid hormone
used preopp to stun the thyroid
methimazole
(Tapazole) anti-thyroid
stops thyroid from making thyroid hormone
used preopp to stun the thyroid
(SSKI)
potassium iodine - iodine compund
decreases size and vascularity of the thyroid gland (all endocrine glands VERY VASCULAR)
so given preopp to decrease risk of bleeding
Drink through straw - stains teeth
(Lugol’s solution)
strong iodine solution - iodine compund
decreases size and vascularity of the thyroid gland (all endocrine glands VERY VASCULAR)
so given preopp to decrease risk of bleeding
Drink through straw - stains teeth
Do not give beta blockers to who?**
asthmatic or diabetic!
Because can mask the s/s of hyperglycemia
Can trigger an asthma attack
propranolol
(Inderal) beta blocker - block release of epi and norepi to decrease HR and BP
decreases myocardial contractility so decreases CO, so decreases workload of the heart
Also, DECREASES ANXIETY - why given to hyperthyroid pts
can possibly decrease HR and BP too much
make sure to check bp and pulse first!
radioactive iodine
given for hyperthyroidism
destroys thyroid cells so now less thyroid hormone so pt becomes hypothyroid
Must follow radioactive precautions
Must rule out pregnancy first
Watch for thyroid storm(thyrotoxicosis and thyrotoxic crisis) - hyperthyroid x100 - could be a rebound effect post-radioactive iodine**
radioactive precautions with radioactive iodine
stay away from babies for 24 hours
don’t kiss anyone for 24 hours
Levothyroxine
(Synthroid)
given for hypothyroidism
increases energy, HR, and BP
thuroglobulin
(Proloid)
given for hypothyroidism
increases energy, HR, and BP
liothryonine
(Cystomel)
given for hypothyroidism
increases energy, HR, and BP
Glucocorticoids***
adrenal cortex steriods
- change your mood - insomnia, depressed, psychotic
- alter defense mechanism - immunosuppressed
- breakdown fats and proteins - children won’t grow regularly
- inhibit insulin - hyperglycemia, do blood glucose monitoring frequently
Fludrocortisone
(Florinef) Mineralocorticoid - Aldosterone
Makes you retain Na and Water
Given for Addison’s disease
DAILY WEIGHTS are very important (keep the weight within 2-3lbs of their normal weight)
If pt on Fludrocortisone (Florinef) and gains 7 lbs over night what do you do with the next dose?
decrease or hold it
If pt on Fludrocortisone (Florinef) and loses 7 lbs over night what do you do with the next dose?
increase it
If pt on Fludrocortisone (Florinef) and has edema and increase in BP, what should you do?
Or if bp is going down?
Hold the dose and call MD
increase the dose if decreasing bp
Will oral hypoglycemia agents work for type I diabetes?
No
have to have insulin
glipizide
(Glucotrol) oral anti-diabetics
stimulate the pancreas to make insulin