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NCLEX > Diseases > Flashcards

Diseases Flashcards

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1
Q

Cushing’s

A

too many steroids - therefore will have too much aldosterstone that will cause retention of Na and water so can go into fluid volume overload

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2
Q

Conn’s Syndrome

A

Hyperaldosterone Syndrome - will have too much aldosterstone that will cause retention of Na and water so can go into fluid volume overload

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3
Q

Addison’s Disease

A

(adrenocortical insufficiency - not enough steriods)
too little aldosterone - will lose Na and water so can go into fluid volume deficit
and retain potassium
so not enough steroids, shock, and high potassium

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4
Q

Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH

A 
TOO MANY LETTERS TOO MUCH WATER
Retain Water
Fluid Volume Excess
Urine Concentrated (so increased #s)
Blood Dilute (so decreased #s)
Decreased urine output - because antidiuretic hormone forcing them to hold onto water
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5
Q

Ascites

A 
Fluid in abdomen (not in vascular space)
Will have BREATHING TROUBLES because fluid pushing on abdomen
Vascular volume deficit can lead to shock
Measure abdominal girth
Get bp (could be hypotensive because fluid in wrong space)
Liver failure
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6
Q

Psychogenic polydipsia

A

constantly drinking water

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7
Q

curling’s ulcer

A

stress ulcer after burn

use antacids, H2 antagonist, and proton pump inhibitors to prevent

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8
Q

Cachexia -

A

extreme wasting and malnutrition

usually cancer pts

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9
Q

Pancytopenia -

A

all blood components are decreased

RBC, WBC, platelets

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10
Q

mucositis

A

sores in mouth

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11
Q

Dehiscence

A

incision separating

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12
Q

Evisceration

A 
organs coming out
1st don't leave pt
do not apply pressure
put sterile 4x4 with NS on 
call MD
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13
Q

Graves Disease

A 
Hyperthyroid 
TOO MUCH ENERGY
Nervous
Weight loss
sweaty/hot
exopthalamos
decreased attention span
increased appetite
irritable 
GI fast
increased bp
thyroid enlarges
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14
Q

Exophthamalmos

A

bulging eyes

irreversible

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15
Q

Myxedema

A 
Hypothyroid
No energy
fatigue
slow GI
weight gain
usaully cold
slow speech
no expression 
pt could be totally immobile
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16
Q

cretinism

A

hypothyroidism (myedema) present at birth

very dangerous and could lead to slow mental and physical development

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17
Q

pheochromocytoma

A

adrenal medulla problem
benign tumors that can secrete epi and norepi in boluses
So increase BP, HR
Flushing/diaphoretic/headaches

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18
Q

vitiligo

A

white patchy areas of depigmented skin

seen in addison’s disease

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19
Q

Addison’s Disease s/s

A 
starts with hyperkalemia
anorexia/nausea
hyperpigmentation - bronzing color of the skin and mucous membranes 
decreased bowl sounds
GI upset
vitiligo - white patchy areas of depigmented skin
hypotension
hypoglycemia
Losing weight
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20
Q

hyperpigmentation -

A

bronzing color of the skin and mucous membranes

21
Q

polydipsia

A

excessive thirst

22
Q

polyphagia

A

excessive hunger

23
Q

type I diabetes

A

Have no insulin
dx as child
first sign usually DKA

24
Q

polyuria

A

excessive urination

25
Q

Metabolic syndrome

A 
(syndrome x)
insulin resistance
abdominal obesity (waist >40 in for males >35 females)
increased triglycerides
decreased HDL
increase BP and CAD
26
Q

DKA

A

absent or inadequate insulin that causes bloods sugar that goes sky high

27
Q

HHNK or HHS

A

Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic Nonketosis
Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar State
looks like DKA but no acidosis
making just enough insulin so they aren’t breaking down body fat

28
Q

neurogenic bladder

A

bladder does not empty properly
may empty spontaneously or not at all
(neuropathy from diabetes)

29
Q

gastroparesis

A

stomach emptying is delayed so there is an increased risk for aspiration
(neuropathy from diabetes)

30
Q

anhedoina

A

loss of pleasure in usually pleasurable things

seen in depression

31
Q

echolalia -

A

hear something and repeat it over and over

schizophrenic pts

32
Q

neologism -

A

making up new words
schizophrenic pts
seek clarification say “i don’t understand”
makes alteration in communication top nursing problem

33
Q

command hallucination

A

auditory hallucinations that command pt to hurt themselves or others

34
Q

korsakoff’s syndrome

A

disoriented to time, confabulate - can’t remember so just make up
complication of detox

35
Q

wernicke’s syndrome

A

emotions labile, moody, tire easily

36
Q

subcutaneous emphysema

A

air trapped in the tissue
feels like soft bubble wrap
perforated airway
no way for evaluation

37
Q

pulmonary emboli

A 
hypoxemia #1 symptom
decrease O2, SOB, cough, increase RR
hemoptysis (coughing up blood)
chest pain (sharp, stabbing)
CXR - atlectisis
pulmonary hypertension
38
Q

hemoptysis

A

coughing up blood

39
Q

glomerulonephritis s/s

A 
sore throat (form strep)
malaise and headache
increase BUN and creatinine
sediment/protein/blood in urine
increase BP 
facial edema
decreased UO
increase specific gravity 
FVE
40
Q

anasarca

A

total body edema, seen with nephrotic syndrome

41
Q

nephrotic syndrome

A

proteinuria and the pt comes hypoalbuminemic, so now fluid goes out into tissues because can’t hold onto in vascular space
decreases circulating blood volume
body tries to replace it and aldosterone is produced causing retention of Na and water but no protein to hold it so goes out into the tissues

42
Q

nephrotic syndrome vs glomerulonephritis

A

nephrotic loose way more protein and a lot more edematis

43
Q

urolithiasis

A

kidney stones
HEMATURIA
pain (N/V)
WBCs in urine

44
Q

pancreatitis

A 
auto digestion of the pancreas - enzymes get stuck in pancreas and eat it because they can't get out 
#1 cause alcoholism
45
Q

pancreatitis s/s

A 
pain that increases with eating 
ascites 
abdominal mass
rigid boardlike abdomen 
cullen's sign (bleeding around umbilicus) 
hypotension
46
Q

ascites will cause

A

trouble breathing because pushing on diaphragm , decreases vascular volume

47
Q

cirrhosis s/s

A 
firm nodular liver - from scar tissue
abdominal pain
chronic dyspepsia (GI upset) / change in bowels
ascites 
spleenomehaly
decrease serum albumin (fluid leaves vascular space)
increase ALT and AST
anemia
48
Q

asterixis

A

hand flapping with liver problems

NCLEX (7 decks)

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