Diseases Flashcards
Cushing’s
too many steroids - therefore will have too much aldosterstone that will cause retention of Na and water so can go into fluid volume overload
Conn’s Syndrome
Hyperaldosterone Syndrome - will have too much aldosterstone that will cause retention of Na and water so can go into fluid volume overload
Addison’s Disease
(adrenocortical insufficiency - not enough steriods)
too little aldosterone - will lose Na and water so can go into fluid volume deficit
and retain potassium
so not enough steroids, shock, and high potassium
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH
TOO MANY LETTERS TOO MUCH WATER Retain Water Fluid Volume Excess Urine Concentrated (so increased #s) Blood Dilute (so decreased #s) Decreased urine output - because antidiuretic hormone forcing them to hold onto water
Ascites
Fluid in abdomen (not in vascular space) Will have BREATHING TROUBLES because fluid pushing on abdomen Vascular volume deficit can lead to shock Measure abdominal girth Get bp (could be hypotensive because fluid in wrong space) Liver failure
Psychogenic polydipsia
constantly drinking water
curling’s ulcer
stress ulcer after burn
use antacids, H2 antagonist, and proton pump inhibitors to prevent
Cachexia -
extreme wasting and malnutrition
usually cancer pts
Pancytopenia -
all blood components are decreased
RBC, WBC, platelets
mucositis
sores in mouth
Dehiscence
incision separating
Evisceration
organs coming out 1st don't leave pt do not apply pressure put sterile 4x4 with NS on call MD
Graves Disease
Hyperthyroid TOO MUCH ENERGY Nervous Weight loss sweaty/hot exopthalamos decreased attention span increased appetite irritable GI fast increased bp thyroid enlarges
Exophthamalmos
bulging eyes
irreversible
Myxedema
Hypothyroid No energy fatigue slow GI weight gain usaully cold slow speech no expression pt could be totally immobile
cretinism
hypothyroidism (myedema) present at birth
very dangerous and could lead to slow mental and physical development
pheochromocytoma
adrenal medulla problem
benign tumors that can secrete epi and norepi in boluses
So increase BP, HR
Flushing/diaphoretic/headaches
vitiligo
white patchy areas of depigmented skin
seen in addison’s disease
Addison’s Disease s/s
starts with hyperkalemia anorexia/nausea hyperpigmentation - bronzing color of the skin and mucous membranes decreased bowl sounds GI upset vitiligo - white patchy areas of depigmented skin hypotension hypoglycemia Losing weight
hyperpigmentation -
bronzing color of the skin and mucous membranes
polydipsia
excessive thirst
polyphagia
excessive hunger
type I diabetes
Have no insulin
dx as child
first sign usually DKA
polyuria
excessive urination
Metabolic syndrome
(syndrome x) insulin resistance abdominal obesity (waist >40 in for males >35 females) increased triglycerides decreased HDL increase BP and CAD
DKA
absent or inadequate insulin that causes bloods sugar that goes sky high
HHNK or HHS
Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic Nonketosis
Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar State
looks like DKA but no acidosis
making just enough insulin so they aren’t breaking down body fat
neurogenic bladder
bladder does not empty properly
may empty spontaneously or not at all
(neuropathy from diabetes)
gastroparesis
stomach emptying is delayed so there is an increased risk for aspiration
(neuropathy from diabetes)
anhedoina
loss of pleasure in usually pleasurable things
seen in depression
echolalia -
hear something and repeat it over and over
schizophrenic pts
neologism -
making up new words
schizophrenic pts
seek clarification say “i don’t understand”
makes alteration in communication top nursing problem
command hallucination
auditory hallucinations that command pt to hurt themselves or others
korsakoff’s syndrome
disoriented to time, confabulate - can’t remember so just make up
complication of detox
wernicke’s syndrome
emotions labile, moody, tire easily
subcutaneous emphysema
air trapped in the tissue
feels like soft bubble wrap
perforated airway
no way for evaluation
pulmonary emboli
hypoxemia #1 symptom decrease O2, SOB, cough, increase RR hemoptysis (coughing up blood) chest pain (sharp, stabbing) CXR - atlectisis pulmonary hypertension
hemoptysis
coughing up blood
glomerulonephritis s/s
sore throat (form strep) malaise and headache increase BUN and creatinine sediment/protein/blood in urine increase BP facial edema decreased UO increase specific gravity FVE
anasarca
total body edema, seen with nephrotic syndrome
nephrotic syndrome
proteinuria and the pt comes hypoalbuminemic, so now fluid goes out into tissues because can’t hold onto in vascular space
decreases circulating blood volume
body tries to replace it and aldosterone is produced causing retention of Na and water but no protein to hold it so goes out into the tissues
nephrotic syndrome vs glomerulonephritis
nephrotic loose way more protein and a lot more edematis
urolithiasis
kidney stones
HEMATURIA
pain (N/V)
WBCs in urine
pancreatitis
auto digestion of the pancreas - enzymes get stuck in pancreas and eat it because they can't get out #1 cause alcoholism
pancreatitis s/s
pain that increases with eating ascites abdominal mass rigid boardlike abdomen cullen's sign (bleeding around umbilicus) hypotension
ascites will cause
trouble breathing because pushing on diaphragm , decreases vascular volume
cirrhosis s/s
firm nodular liver - from scar tissue abdominal pain chronic dyspepsia (GI upset) / change in bowels ascites spleenomehaly decrease serum albumin (fluid leaves vascular space) increase ALT and AST anemia
asterixis
hand flapping with liver problems
