medications Flashcards
ahminoglycosides (usage, what drugs, toxic effects, administration time)
big guns of abx, use if nothing else works
ALL END IN MYCIN but if they have THRO in the middle THROW THEM OFF THE LIST
mycin sounds like mice - think ears - hearing, balance, tinnitus
ears are shaped like kidneys - think nephrotoxicity - monitor creatinine
can draw an 8 in the ear - administer Q8H
who can sterilize the bowel … neo kan (neomycin, kanamycin)
calcium channel blockers (effects, usage, SE, what drugs, parameters)
relax and slow down HR (decrease force, decrease pulse, decrease impulse speed)
treat A, AA, AAA (antihypertensive, anti-anginal, anti-atrial arrhythmia)
SE = headache + hypotension
end in -dipine, verapimil, diltiazem
hold if systolic BP is less than 100
beta blockers (effects, usage, what drugs, SE)
relax and slow HR
treat A, AA, AAA
end in -olol
SE = headache + hypotension
adenosine (usage, administration)
treat supraventricular (atrial) arrhythmias
give fast IV push, asystole then quickly out of it
digoxin (effects, usage, contraindication, tox sign, tox level)
slow HR and changes heartbeat
used in Afib, A flutter, and HF
contraindication with hypokalemia
tox sign = vomiting
tox level above 2: significant cause is hypokalemia
propylthiouracil (usage, monitoring)
used for hyperthyroidism (puts thyroid under)
monitor wbc, pt is immunocompromsied
levothyroxine (usage, administration time)
treat hypothyroidism
take in the a.m before breakfast
phenothiazines (usage, what drugs, SE, pt teaching)
use zine for the zany - major tranquilizer/antipsychotic
all end in -zine
SE
A: anticholinergic
B: blurred vision
C: constipation
D: drowsiness
E: EPS
F: foto sensitivity
G: agranulocytosis
reports signs of infection
tricyclic antidepressants (effects, what drugs, timeline for therapeutic effects)
elevate mood
amtriptiyline, imipramine, trazodone, nortriptyline
takes 2-4 weeks to work
bezodiazapines (usage, what drugs)
anti-anxiety, seizures, pre-op induction, muscle relaxant, ETOH withdrawl, calm before ventilator insertion
always have -zep- in the name, lots end in pam or lam (loaZEPAM, diaZEPAM, alpraZOLAM, triazoLAM, clonaZEPAM)
MAOI’s (usage, what drugs, what foods to avoid … why)
antidepressant
Isocarboxazid, Phenelzine, Tranylcypromine
avoid tyramine, can cause hypertensive crisis
BAR: banana, avocado, raisins (dried fruit)
no yeast
no organ or preserved meats
only have mozarella or cottage cheese
no yogurt
no ETOH or OTC meds
litium (usage, SE, toxic signs, toxicity can lead to ____)
bipolar
SE: 3P’s, peeing, pooping, paraesthesis
toxic effects; tremors, metallic taste, severe diarrhea
can cause serotonin syndrome
prozac (fluoxetine) (usage, key thing to watch for in adolecents/young adults)
mood elevator
can cause insomnia
when changing doses, watch for suicide risk in young people)
haldol (usage, toxic effect to watch for)
tranquilizer
can get NMS from overdose, watch for fever over 105
clonazapine (usage)
severe schizophrenia
zoloft (sertraline) (usage, interactions)
antidepressant
interact with st. john wort and warfarin
what is the only approved medication for bulimia
fluoxetine
tocolytics (usage, what drugs)
stop contractions, stop labour
terbtaline (will cause maternal tachycardia
mag sulfate (will cause hypermagnesemia)
indomethacine
oxytocics (usage, what drugs)
stimulate and strengthen labour
pitocin (oxytocin): can cause uterine hyperstimulation
methergine: can cause vasoconstriction
betamethasone
steroid
give to mom IM, will increase CBG
help develop babies lungs while in utero
surfactant
help develop babies lungs after birth
given transtracheal
heparin (usage, antidote, labs to monitor, how long to give for)
anticoagulant, watch for bleeding
antidote: protamine
monitor PTT
do not give for more than 3 weeks
warfarin (usage, antidote, monitoring, normal levels)
anticoagulant, treat and prevent blood clots
antidote: vitamin K or FFP (works faster)
monitor PT and INR
normal levels between 2-3
baclofen + cyclobenzaprine (usage)
muscle relaxant
when you are on baclofen, you are on your back loafing
loop diuretics (usage, effects, what drugs)
block sodium and chloride reabsorption
causes vasodilation … leads to decreased BP, decreased vascular resistance, decreaed CVP, decreased cardiac preload
bumetanide, furosemide, torsemide
buproprion (usage, effects)
antidepressant
effects norepinephrine and dopamine
does not cause weight gain or effect libido
thiazide diuretics (what drugs, what electrolyte imbalances can it cause)
hydrochlorothiazide, chlorthalidone, indamide
can cause hypokalemia and hypercalcemia
allopurinol
use for gout
methotrexate (usage, side effects)
use for RA
can decrease RBC, WBC, and platelets leading to increased risk of bruising and infection
salmeterol
treat chronic respiratory illness by causing bronchodilation
dexamethasone
corticosteroid to treat asthma, RA, or pulmonary emphysema
enoxaparin (usage, what to watch, antidote, monitorin)
anticoagulant to prevent DVT and PE
watch for signs of bleeding
antidote: protamine
monitor platelets
cimetidine
block acid producing cells
use in PUD and GERD
desmopression
synthetic for of ADH
increase H2O absorption leading to decreased urine production
any diuretic ending in ______, gets rid of what electrolyte
“X, “xes” out K+
lasiX (furosemide), bumeX (bumetanide), esidreX (hydrochlorothiazide), demadeX (torsemide)
spironolactone
potassium sparing diuretic
anticholinergics (usage, effects, what drugs)
block the parasympatetic NS leading to vasocontriction, decreased body secretions, decreased GI activity, increased HR
antipsychotics, TCA’s, atropine
guessing strategies for meds
if you know what the drug does but not the SE, choose the SE where that drug is having an effect
ex. GI drug, pick diarrhea … cardiac drug, pick tachycardia
you don’t know what the drug is, it is given PO, pick a GI side effect
