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NCLEX Common Concepts > medications > Flashcards

medications Flashcards

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1
Q

ahminoglycosides (usage, what drugs, toxic effects, administration time)

A

big guns of abx, use if nothing else works

ALL END IN MYCIN but if they have THRO in the middle THROW THEM OFF THE LIST

mycin sounds like mice - think ears - hearing, balance, tinnitus
ears are shaped like kidneys - think nephrotoxicity - monitor creatinine

can draw an 8 in the ear - administer Q8H

who can sterilize the bowel … neo kan (neomycin, kanamycin)

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2
Q

calcium channel blockers (effects, usage, SE, what drugs, parameters)

A

relax and slow down HR (decrease force, decrease pulse, decrease impulse speed)

treat A, AA, AAA (antihypertensive, anti-anginal, anti-atrial arrhythmia)

SE = headache + hypotension

end in -dipine, verapimil, diltiazem

hold if systolic BP is less than 100

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3
Q

beta blockers (effects, usage, what drugs, SE)

A

relax and slow HR

treat A, AA, AAA

end in -olol

SE = headache + hypotension

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4
Q

adenosine (usage, administration)

A

treat supraventricular (atrial) arrhythmias

give fast IV push, asystole then quickly out of it

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5
Q

digoxin (effects, usage, contraindication, tox sign, tox level)

A

slow HR and changes heartbeat

used in Afib, A flutter, and HF

contraindication with hypokalemia

tox sign = vomiting

tox level above 2: significant cause is hypokalemia

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6
Q

propylthiouracil (usage, monitoring)

A

used for hyperthyroidism (puts thyroid under)

monitor wbc, pt is immunocompromsied

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7
Q

levothyroxine (usage, administration time)

A

treat hypothyroidism

take in the a.m before breakfast

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8
Q

phenothiazines (usage, what drugs, SE, pt teaching)

A

use zine for the zany - major tranquilizer/antipsychotic

all end in -zine

SE
A: anticholinergic
B: blurred vision
C: constipation
D: drowsiness
E: EPS
F: foto sensitivity
G: agranulocytosis

reports signs of infection

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9
Q

tricyclic antidepressants (effects, what drugs, timeline for therapeutic effects)

A

elevate mood

amtriptiyline, imipramine, trazodone, nortriptyline

takes 2-4 weeks to work

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10
Q

bezodiazapines (usage, what drugs)

A

anti-anxiety, seizures, pre-op induction, muscle relaxant, ETOH withdrawl, calm before ventilator insertion

always have -zep- in the name, lots end in pam or lam (loaZEPAM, diaZEPAM, alpraZOLAM, triazoLAM, clonaZEPAM)

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11
Q

MAOI’s (usage, what drugs, what foods to avoid … why)

A

antidepressant

Isocarboxazid, Phenelzine, Tranylcypromine

avoid tyramine, can cause hypertensive crisis
BAR: banana, avocado, raisins (dried fruit)
no yeast
no organ or preserved meats
only have mozarella or cottage cheese
no yogurt
no ETOH or OTC meds

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12
Q

litium (usage, SE, toxic signs, toxicity can lead to ____)

A

bipolar

SE: 3P’s, peeing, pooping, paraesthesis

toxic effects; tremors, metallic taste, severe diarrhea

can cause serotonin syndrome

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13
Q

prozac (fluoxetine) (usage, key thing to watch for in adolecents/young adults)

A

mood elevator

can cause insomnia

when changing doses, watch for suicide risk in young people)

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14
Q

haldol (usage, toxic effect to watch for)

A

tranquilizer

can get NMS from overdose, watch for fever over 105

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15
Q

clonazapine (usage)

A

severe schizophrenia

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16
Q

zoloft (sertraline) (usage, interactions)

A

antidepressant

interact with st. john wort and warfarin

17
Q

what is the only approved medication for bulimia

A

fluoxetine

18
Q

tocolytics (usage, what drugs)

A

stop contractions, stop labour

terbtaline (will cause maternal tachycardia
mag sulfate (will cause hypermagnesemia)
indomethacine

19
Q

oxytocics (usage, what drugs)

A

stimulate and strengthen labour

pitocin (oxytocin): can cause uterine hyperstimulation
methergine: can cause vasoconstriction

20
Q

betamethasone

A

steroid

give to mom IM, will increase CBG

help develop babies lungs while in utero

21
Q

surfactant

A

help develop babies lungs after birth

given transtracheal

22
Q

heparin (usage, antidote, labs to monitor, how long to give for)

A

anticoagulant, watch for bleeding

antidote: protamine

monitor PTT

do not give for more than 3 weeks

23
Q

warfarin (usage, antidote, monitoring, normal levels)

A

anticoagulant, treat and prevent blood clots

antidote: vitamin K or FFP (works faster)

monitor PT and INR

normal levels between 2-3

24
Q

baclofen + cyclobenzaprine (usage)

A

muscle relaxant
when you are on baclofen, you are on your back loafing

25
Q

loop diuretics (usage, effects, what drugs)

A

block sodium and chloride reabsorption

causes vasodilation … leads to decreased BP, decreased vascular resistance, decreaed CVP, decreased cardiac preload

bumetanide, furosemide, torsemide

26
Q

buproprion (usage, effects)

A

antidepressant

effects norepinephrine and dopamine

does not cause weight gain or effect libido

27
Q

thiazide diuretics (what drugs, what electrolyte imbalances can it cause)

A

hydrochlorothiazide, chlorthalidone, indamide

can cause hypokalemia and hypercalcemia

28
Q

allopurinol

A

use for gout

29
Q

methotrexate (usage, side effects)

A

use for RA

can decrease RBC, WBC, and platelets leading to increased risk of bruising and infection

30
Q

salmeterol

A

treat chronic respiratory illness by causing bronchodilation

31
Q

dexamethasone

A

corticosteroid to treat asthma, RA, or pulmonary emphysema

32
Q

enoxaparin (usage, what to watch, antidote, monitorin)

A

anticoagulant to prevent DVT and PE

watch for signs of bleeding

antidote: protamine

monitor platelets

33
Q

cimetidine

A

block acid producing cells

use in PUD and GERD

34
Q

desmopression

A

synthetic for of ADH

increase H2O absorption leading to decreased urine production

35
Q

any diuretic ending in ______, gets rid of what electrolyte

A

“X, “xes” out K+

lasiX (furosemide), bumeX (bumetanide), esidreX (hydrochlorothiazide), demadeX (torsemide)

36
Q

spironolactone

A

potassium sparing diuretic

37
Q

anticholinergics (usage, effects, what drugs)

A

block the parasympatetic NS leading to vasocontriction, decreased body secretions, decreased GI activity, increased HR

antipsychotics, TCA’s, atropine

38
Q

guessing strategies for meds

A

if you know what the drug does but not the SE, choose the SE where that drug is having an effect

ex. GI drug, pick diarrhea … cardiac drug, pick tachycardia

you don’t know what the drug is, it is given PO, pick a GI side effect

NCLEX Common Concepts (7 decks)

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