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KIN 429 > Medications > Flashcards

Medications Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 common ace inhibitors?

A

Ramipril
Lisinopril
Perindopril

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2
Q

What is the mechanism of ace inhibitors?

A
  • Vasodilation, making it easier for the heart to pump blood
  • protects a weakened heart
  • used in people with CKD/DM
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3
Q

How do Ace Inhibitors impact HR, Q, BP, ECG, Exercise capacity?

A

HR - stays the same (rest & ex)
Q - stays the same
BP - decreases (rest & ex)
ECG - stays same (rest & ex)
Exercise capacity - no change, possible increase in CHF

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4
Q

What are the common side effects of ace inhibitors?

A

Persistent cough
Dizziness
Low blood pressure

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5
Q

What are the 3 common beta blockers?

A

Metaprolol
Carvedilol
Bisoprolol

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6
Q

What is the mechanism of beta blockers?

A
  • protect the heart from stress and abnormal heartbeats
  • decreases workload of heart
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7
Q

What effects do beta blockers have on HR, Q, BP, ECG, and exercise capacity?

A

HR - decreases at rest and ex
Q - decreases or stays the same
BP - decreases at rest and ex
ECG - lower HR; decreases ischemia with HF
Exercise capacity - increased for ppl with ischemia

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8
Q

What are the common side effects of beta blockers?

A

Dizziness
Lower HR
Fatigue
Cold hands/feet

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9
Q

What are the 2 common calcium channel blockers?

A

Amlodopine
Nifedipine

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10
Q

What is the mechanism of calcium channel blockers?

A
  • decreased calcium flow in heart muscle, allowing vasodilation
  • heart pumps easier
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11
Q

What are the effects that calcium channel blockers have on HR, Q, BP, ECG, and exercise capacity?

A

HR - increases or stays same (R/E)
Q - decreases or stays same (R/E)
BP - decreases (R/E)
ECG - HR increases or stays same, decrease for ischemia
Exercise capacity - no change

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12
Q

What are the possible side effects of calcium channel blockers?

A

Dizziness
Palpitations
Fatigue
Flushing
Avoid grapefruit products

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13
Q

What are the 3 common angiotensin receptor blockers?

A

Candesartan
Irbesartan
Losartan

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14
Q

What is the mechanism for angiotensin receptor blockers?

A
  • Makes it easier for the heart to pump blood by blocking angiotensin II from binding
  • causes vasodilation
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15
Q

What effects do angiotensin receptor blockers have on HR, Q, BP, ECG, and exercise capacity?

A
  • HR stays the same (R/E)
  • Q stays the same
  • BP decreases (R/E)
  • ECG stays the same (R/E)
  • Exercise capacity: stays same, poss increase for ppl with CHF
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16
Q

What are the side effects of angiotensin receptor blockers?

A
  • dizziness
  • lightheadedness
  • high potassium levels
17
Q

What are the 3 common anticoagulants?

A

Wafarin
Apixaban
Ravaroxaban

18
Q

What is the mechanism for anticoagulants?

A

help to prevent blood clots in body
“blood thinner”

19
Q

What are the effects that anticoagulants have on HR, Q, BP, ECG, and exercise capacity?

A

HR - stays same
Q - stays same
BP - stays same
ECG - stays same
exercise capacity - stays same

20
Q

What are the common side effects of anticoagulants?

A

bleeding
headaches
anemia
bruising
lethargy

21
Q

What are the common antiplatelet drugs?

A

Clopidogrel
Ticagrelor
ASA

22
Q

What is the mechanism of antiplatelets?

A

help prevent blood cells from sticking together
makes blood less “sticky”

23
Q

What are the effects of antiplatelets on HR, Q, BP, ECG, and exercise capacity?

A

HR - stays same
Q - stays same
BP - stays same
ECG - stays same
exercise capacity - stays same

24
Q

What are the common side effects of antiplatelets?

A

bleeding
bruising
headaches
heartburn

25
Q

What are the common diuretic medications?

A

Furosemide
Hydrochlorithiazide
Spironolactone

26
Q

What is the mechanism of diuretics?

What are they used to treat?

A
  • “water pills”
  • help to remove excess fluid from the body
  • treat HTN, CHF
  • helps kidneys to produce more urine
27
Q

What are the effects of diuretics on HR, Q, BP, ECGs, and exercise capacity?

A

HR - stays same (R/E)
Q - stays same or decreases
BP - stays same or decreases (R/E)
ECG - stays same or, increased PVC’s with hypokalemia, increased PVC’s with hypomagnesemia
Exercise capacity - stays same, possible increase for ppl with CHF

28
Q

What are the common symptoms of diuretics?

A
  • most ppl don’t experience any - call dr. if you experience any
  • dehydration (dry mouth, muscle cramps)
  • dizziness
  • upset stomach
29
Q

What drugs are nitrates?

A

Nitroglycerin spray/tabs/patch

30
Q

What is the mechanism of nitrates?

A

cause vasodilation of arteries in heart so decrease angina pain

31
Q

What are the effects that nitrates have on HR, Q, BP, ECG, and exercise capacity?

A

HR: increases at rest, increase or same with exercise

Q - nothing

BP - decreases at rest, decreases or stays same with exercise

ECG - increased HR (rest), increased or no change to HR (exerc), decreased ischemia

Exercise capacity - increased for ppl with angina, increase or decrease for CHF, same for ppl without angina

32
Q

What are the common side effects from nitrates?

A

dizziness or syncope if large BP drop occurs
BP has to be >100bpm before taking Nitro spray at program

33
Q

What are the common choleterol medications?

A

Atorvastatin
Rosuvastatin
Simvastatin

34
Q

What is the mechanism of cholesterol medications?

A

slows or drops plaque formation in blood vessels

stops existing plaques from getting worse

35
Q

What are the effects of cholesterol medications on HR, Q, BP, ECG, and exercise capacity?

A

HR - stays same
Q - stays same
BP - stays same
ECG - stays same
exercise capacity - stays same

36
Q

What are the common side effects of cholesterol medications?

A

extreme muscle soreness/pain (usually large muscle groups)

KIN 429 (10 decks)

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