Medications Flashcards
What are the 3 common ace inhibitors?
Ramipril
Lisinopril
Perindopril
What is the mechanism of ace inhibitors?
- Vasodilation, making it easier for the heart to pump blood
- protects a weakened heart
- used in people with CKD/DM
How do Ace Inhibitors impact HR, Q, BP, ECG, Exercise capacity?
HR - stays the same (rest & ex)
Q - stays the same
BP - decreases (rest & ex)
ECG - stays same (rest & ex)
Exercise capacity - no change, possible increase in CHF
What are the common side effects of ace inhibitors?
Persistent cough
Dizziness
Low blood pressure
What are the 3 common beta blockers?
Metaprolol
Carvedilol
Bisoprolol
What is the mechanism of beta blockers?
- protect the heart from stress and abnormal heartbeats
- decreases workload of heart
What effects do beta blockers have on HR, Q, BP, ECG, and exercise capacity?
HR - decreases at rest and ex
Q - decreases or stays the same
BP - decreases at rest and ex
ECG - lower HR; decreases ischemia with HF
Exercise capacity - increased for ppl with ischemia
What are the common side effects of beta blockers?
Dizziness
Lower HR
Fatigue
Cold hands/feet
What are the 2 common calcium channel blockers?
Amlodopine
Nifedipine
What is the mechanism of calcium channel blockers?
- decreased calcium flow in heart muscle, allowing vasodilation
- heart pumps easier
What are the effects that calcium channel blockers have on HR, Q, BP, ECG, and exercise capacity?
HR - increases or stays same (R/E)
Q - decreases or stays same (R/E)
BP - decreases (R/E)
ECG - HR increases or stays same, decrease for ischemia
Exercise capacity - no change
What are the possible side effects of calcium channel blockers?
Dizziness
Palpitations
Fatigue
Flushing
Avoid grapefruit products
What are the 3 common angiotensin receptor blockers?
Candesartan
Irbesartan
Losartan
What is the mechanism for angiotensin receptor blockers?
- Makes it easier for the heart to pump blood by blocking angiotensin II from binding
- causes vasodilation
What effects do angiotensin receptor blockers have on HR, Q, BP, ECG, and exercise capacity?
- HR stays the same (R/E)
- Q stays the same
- BP decreases (R/E)
- ECG stays the same (R/E)
- Exercise capacity: stays same, poss increase for ppl with CHF
What are the side effects of angiotensin receptor blockers?
- dizziness
- lightheadedness
- high potassium levels
What are the 3 common anticoagulants?
Wafarin
Apixaban
Ravaroxaban
What is the mechanism for anticoagulants?
help to prevent blood clots in body
“blood thinner”
What are the effects that anticoagulants have on HR, Q, BP, ECG, and exercise capacity?
HR - stays same
Q - stays same
BP - stays same
ECG - stays same
exercise capacity - stays same
What are the common side effects of anticoagulants?
bleeding
headaches
anemia
bruising
lethargy
What are the common antiplatelet drugs?
Clopidogrel
Ticagrelor
ASA
What is the mechanism of antiplatelets?
help prevent blood cells from sticking together
makes blood less “sticky”
What are the effects of antiplatelets on HR, Q, BP, ECG, and exercise capacity?
HR - stays same
Q - stays same
BP - stays same
ECG - stays same
exercise capacity - stays same
What are the common side effects of antiplatelets?
bleeding
bruising
headaches
heartburn
What are the common diuretic medications?
Furosemide
Hydrochlorithiazide
Spironolactone
What is the mechanism of diuretics?
What are they used to treat?
- “water pills”
- help to remove excess fluid from the body
- treat HTN, CHF
- helps kidneys to produce more urine
What are the effects of diuretics on HR, Q, BP, ECGs, and exercise capacity?
HR - stays same (R/E)
Q - stays same or decreases
BP - stays same or decreases (R/E)
ECG - stays same or, increased PVC’s with hypokalemia, increased PVC’s with hypomagnesemia
Exercise capacity - stays same, possible increase for ppl with CHF
What are the common symptoms of diuretics?
- most ppl don’t experience any - call dr. if you experience any
- dehydration (dry mouth, muscle cramps)
- dizziness
- upset stomach
What drugs are nitrates?
Nitroglycerin spray/tabs/patch
What is the mechanism of nitrates?
cause vasodilation of arteries in heart so decrease angina pain
What are the effects that nitrates have on HR, Q, BP, ECG, and exercise capacity?
HR: increases at rest, increase or same with exercise
Q - nothing
BP - decreases at rest, decreases or stays same with exercise
ECG - increased HR (rest), increased or no change to HR (exerc), decreased ischemia
Exercise capacity - increased for ppl with angina, increase or decrease for CHF, same for ppl without angina
What are the common side effects from nitrates?
dizziness or syncope if large BP drop occurs
BP has to be >100bpm before taking Nitro spray at program
What are the common choleterol medications?
Atorvastatin
Rosuvastatin
Simvastatin
What is the mechanism of cholesterol medications?
slows or drops plaque formation in blood vessels
stops existing plaques from getting worse
What are the effects of cholesterol medications on HR, Q, BP, ECG, and exercise capacity?
HR - stays same
Q - stays same
BP - stays same
ECG - stays same
exercise capacity - stays same
What are the common side effects of cholesterol medications?
extreme muscle soreness/pain (usually large muscle groups)
