Medications Flashcards

1
Q

Ischemic heart Disease (Medications)

A

-restablish balance of o2 supply and demand
-decreasing HR or BP to reduce O2 demand
-increase artery size, remove thrombus,

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2
Q

Heart Failure (Medications)

A

-maintain CO, adress underlying issue, regulate fluids, decrease preload and afterload, increase conttractility, reduce workload, decrease SNS

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3
Q

Arrhythmias (Medications)

A

-inhibit abnormal impulses by affectting membrane permeabiliy to specific ions (Cl, K, Ca, Na)
-SA & AV node
-prelong refractory period

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4
Q

Hypertension (Medications)

A

-reduce fluid, limit SNS, decrease RAAS

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5
Q

Beta Blockers

A

-olol
-reduced beta receptor binding
-selective of nonselective

B1: decrease HR and contractility
B2: bronchoconstriction and vasoconstriction

CI
-HTN, ischemic HD, heart failure, arrhythmias

SE
-sedation, may mask hypoglycemia, reduced thermoregulatry response, spasms, orthostatic hypotension

Max HR: 164 - (.7 x age)

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6
Q

Orthostatic Hypotension

A

decreased of BP 20 and HR increase of 30 when standing from sitting

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7
Q

Calcium Channel Blockers

A

-pine
-decrease HR & BP, conrtactility, O2 demand
-cause vasodilaiton of coronary artieries

CI
-reduce re-infarctions (dead tissue releases Ca), ischemic HD, heart failure, arrhythmias

SE
-negative inotropic effects, blunted HR responses to exercise

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8
Q

Nitrates

A

-nitr
-slows HR, reduce preload and afterload, decrease contrtactility, lower BP, vasodilation

CI
-HTN, ischemic HD, heart failure, angina

SE
-hypotension, dizziness, reflex tachycardia, skin flushing

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9
Q

Angina (Medications)

A

-chest pain due to ischemia
-lack of O2 stimulates pain receptors

-treated by nitrates, BB, CC blockers
S/s
-tightness and chest pain
-simular to MI
-ECG ST downward shift

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10
Q

Stable Angina

A

-pain free at rest
-relieved by nitrates
-predictable

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11
Q

Unstable Angina

A

-unpredictable
-at rest
->15mins
-progression of disease

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12
Q

Prinzmetal’s Variant Angia

A

-only at rest; morning
-ST elevation
-cardiac vasospasm (CC blockers)

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13
Q

Thrombolyic Agents

A

-break clots up quickly
-goal to keep ischemic time <120min

SE
-arrhythmias due to rapid reperfusion (high K, reflex tachycardia), bleeding, hemorrhage CVA

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14
Q

Anti-Platelet Agents

A

-prevent platelet aggregation and thrombus formation
-decrease platele adverance to site of injury

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15
Q

Anticoagulants

A

-prevention of blood clots, inhibit thrombin

Common: heparin, pradaxa, xarelto, eliquis

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16
Q

Diuretics

A

-ide
-decrease blood volume by peeing
-improve cardiac contractility
-reduce cardiac demand
-act of kidneys (loop of henle most potent)

CI
-HTN, heart failure

SE
-hypotension, arrhyhmias (K+)

17
Q

Carbonic Anyhyrase Inhibitor Diuretics

A

-mild diuretics
-proximal tubules of kidney

18
Q

K+ Sparring Diuretics

A

-mild
-collecting tubules and ducts

19
Q

Thiazides Diuretics

A

-moderate
-can cause low K+ and glucose intolerance

20
Q

Sodium-Glucose Transporter Inhibitors

A

-ozin
-lower blood sugar, reduce CV deaths and kidney disease, reduce BP, weight loss

SE
-hypoglycemia, Hypotension, UTIs, diabetic ketoacidosis

21
Q

ACE Inhibitor

A

-pril
-prevents conversion of ang 1 to 2

SE
-hypotension, dizziness, angioedema (life thrreatening tongue swelling), hyperkalemia

22
Q

Angiotension II

A

-vasoconstriction
-watter and Na retention
-aldosterone stimulation

23
Q

Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARBs)

A

-sartan
-limits effects of ang 2

SE
-hypotension, dizziness, angioedema (life thrreatening tongue swelling), hyperkalemia

24
Q

Neprolysin Inhibitor

A

-reduces abnorrmal remodeling
-diuresis
-vasodilation

25
Aldosterone Antagonists
-suppresses aldosterone -decreased fluid retention (diuretic) ex: spironolactone SE -hyperkalemia, Orthostatic hypotension
26
Positive Inotropes
-increase contractions and HR -opposite of BB CI -heart failure
27
Cardiac Glycosides
-positive inotropes -increase Ca+ -decrease HR -increase delay from SA to AV -increase PR interval -anti arrhythmics ex: digoxin CI -dilated cardiomyopathy -a fib NOT FOR 2nd or 3rd Heart Blocks SE -lots of symptoms of digitalis toxicity
28
Sympathomimetics
-positive inotropes -mimic SNS, treat shock, heart failure -short term use only to prevent downrreg CI -parenteral use for hheart failure
29
Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors
-positive inotropes CI -severe CHF, strengthen contractions
30
Vasodilators
-decrease bv, vascular resistance -Arterial: reduce afterload -Venous: reduce preload CI -HTN, HF, ischemic heart disease SE -compensatory SNS actitvation
31
Alpha Adrenergic Antagonists
-vasodilator -manage HTN SE -reflex tachycardia -increase in BV
32
Morphine
-vasodilator -decrease preload via venodilation -reduce anxiety and effort during heart failure
33
Anti-Hypertensive
-regulate BP, decrease HR and CO -BB, Ca blockers, ACE inhib, vasodilators, diuretics
34
Anti-Arrhythmics
Membrane stabilizers -v tach and a fib -reduces Na+ in cell SE -arrhythmias, bradycardia, photosensitivity, hepatotoxicity, hypothyroidism