Medications Flashcards
Ischemic heart Disease (Medications)
-restablish balance of o2 supply and demand
-decreasing HR or BP to reduce O2 demand
-increase artery size, remove thrombus,
Heart Failure (Medications)
-maintain CO, adress underlying issue, regulate fluids, decrease preload and afterload, increase conttractility, reduce workload, decrease SNS
Arrhythmias (Medications)
-inhibit abnormal impulses by affectting membrane permeabiliy to specific ions (Cl, K, Ca, Na)
-SA & AV node
-prelong refractory period
Hypertension (Medications)
-reduce fluid, limit SNS, decrease RAAS
Beta Blockers
-olol
-reduced beta receptor binding
-selective of nonselective
B1: decrease HR and contractility
B2: bronchoconstriction and vasoconstriction
CI
-HTN, ischemic HD, heart failure, arrhythmias
SE
-sedation, may mask hypoglycemia, reduced thermoregulatry response, spasms, orthostatic hypotension
Max HR: 164 - (.7 x age)
Orthostatic Hypotension
decreased of BP 20 and HR increase of 30 when standing from sitting
Calcium Channel Blockers
-pine
-decrease HR & BP, conrtactility, O2 demand
-cause vasodilaiton of coronary artieries
CI
-reduce re-infarctions (dead tissue releases Ca), ischemic HD, heart failure, arrhythmias
SE
-negative inotropic effects, blunted HR responses to exercise
Nitrates
-nitr
-slows HR, reduce preload and afterload, decrease contrtactility, lower BP, vasodilation
CI
-HTN, ischemic HD, heart failure, angina
SE
-hypotension, dizziness, reflex tachycardia, skin flushing
Angina (Medications)
-chest pain due to ischemia
-lack of O2 stimulates pain receptors
-treated by nitrates, BB, CC blockers
S/s
-tightness and chest pain
-simular to MI
-ECG ST downward shift
Stable Angina
-pain free at rest
-relieved by nitrates
-predictable
Unstable Angina
-unpredictable
-at rest
->15mins
-progression of disease
Prinzmetal’s Variant Angia
-only at rest; morning
-ST elevation
-cardiac vasospasm (CC blockers)
Thrombolyic Agents
-break clots up quickly
-goal to keep ischemic time <120min
SE
-arrhythmias due to rapid reperfusion (high K, reflex tachycardia), bleeding, hemorrhage CVA
Anti-Platelet Agents
-prevent platelet aggregation and thrombus formation
-decrease platele adverance to site of injury
Anticoagulants
-prevention of blood clots, inhibit thrombin
Common: heparin, pradaxa, xarelto, eliquis
Diuretics
-ide
-decrease blood volume by peeing
-improve cardiac contractility
-reduce cardiac demand
-act of kidneys (loop of henle most potent)
CI
-HTN, heart failure
SE
-hypotension, arrhyhmias (K+)
Carbonic Anyhyrase Inhibitor Diuretics
-mild diuretics
-proximal tubules of kidney
K+ Sparring Diuretics
-mild
-collecting tubules and ducts
Thiazides Diuretics
-moderate
-can cause low K+ and glucose intolerance
Sodium-Glucose Transporter Inhibitors
-ozin
-lower blood sugar, reduce CV deaths and kidney disease, reduce BP, weight loss
SE
-hypoglycemia, Hypotension, UTIs, diabetic ketoacidosis
ACE Inhibitor
-pril
-prevents conversion of ang 1 to 2
SE
-hypotension, dizziness, angioedema (life thrreatening tongue swelling), hyperkalemia
Angiotension II
-vasoconstriction
-watter and Na retention
-aldosterone stimulation
Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARBs)
-sartan
-limits effects of ang 2
SE
-hypotension, dizziness, angioedema (life thrreatening tongue swelling), hyperkalemia
Neprolysin Inhibitor
-reduces abnorrmal remodeling
-diuresis
-vasodilation
Aldosterone Antagonists
-suppresses aldosterone
-decreased fluid retention (diuretic)
ex: spironolactone
SE
-hyperkalemia, Orthostatic hypotension
Positive Inotropes
-increase contractions and HR
-opposite of BB
CI
-heart failure
Cardiac Glycosides
-positive inotropes
-increase Ca+
-decrease HR
-increase delay from SA to AV
-increase PR interval
-anti arrhythmics
ex: digoxin
CI
-dilated cardiomyopathy
-a fib
NOT FOR 2nd or 3rd Heart Blocks
SE
-lots of symptoms of digitalis toxicity
Sympathomimetics
-positive inotropes
-mimic SNS, treat shock, heart failure
-short term use only to prevent downrreg
CI
-parenteral use for hheart failure
Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors
-positive inotropes
CI
-severe CHF, strengthen contractions
Vasodilators
-decrease bv, vascular resistance
-Arterial: reduce afterload
-Venous: reduce preload
CI
-HTN, HF, ischemic heart disease
SE
-compensatory SNS actitvation
Alpha Adrenergic Antagonists
-vasodilator
-manage HTN
SE
-reflex tachycardia
-increase in BV
Morphine
-vasodilator
-decrease preload via venodilation
-reduce anxiety and effort during heart failure
Anti-Hypertensive
-regulate BP, decrease HR and CO
-BB, Ca blockers, ACE inhib, vasodilators, diuretics
Anti-Arrhythmics
Membrane stabilizers
-v tach and a fib
-reduces Na+ in cell
SE
-arrhythmias, bradycardia, photosensitivity, hepatotoxicity, hypothyroidism
