Cardiothroacic Surgery & Post -Op

Question 1

Percutaneous Revascularization Procedures

Answer 1

-revascularize myocardium

1. Angioplasty
2. Arthrectomy
3. Stenting

Question 2

Angioplasty

Answer 2

-balloon inflated to push plaque against lumen
-stent then put in
-prone to bleeding
-5-7days no exercise

Question 3

Arthrectomy

Answer 3

-larger plaque buildup, cut out the plaque

Question 4

Coronary Artery Bypass Graft

Answer 4

-CABG
-open heart surgery
-place another vessel from one spot to bypass blockage (radial arteries, saphenous veins, mammary arteries)

Question 5

Cardiac Complications

Answer 5

-infection
-sternal precautions
-scar tissue
-Myocardial Stunning: low cardiac output
-Arryhmias
-Bleeding: migh need blood transfusions
-Neurologic Complications

Question 6

CABG Complications

Answer 6

-Renal failure: 5-10%
-Pleural Effusions: 90%
-Pericardial Effusion

Question 7

Sternal Precautions

Answer 7

-limit movement for 6-8 weeks
-gentle coughing
-move “in the tube”: keep arms to the side
-infection control

Question 8

Intraortic Balloon Pump

Answer 8

-severe heart failure; shock
-restore CO
-inserted in femoral (bedrest) and axillary (might be allowed to exercise) to ascending aorta
-balloon inflates and deflates to increase CO by 40%

Question 9

Valve Replacements

Answer 9

-aortic most common (pulmonary valve to replace aortic, aortic cannot be repaired)
-Metal: requires life long blood thinners
-Bovine: reduce stroke risk

Question 10

Arrhythmia Procedures

Answer 10

-Ablation: burn off cells causing arrhythmias
-Pacemaker Implant: need to know rate, what makes it come off
-Defibrillator: prevent arrhyhmias

Question 11

Peripheral Vascular Interventions

Answer 11

-Endarectomy: plaque removed
-Aneurysm repair