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NPE TRICKY BITS > MEDICATIONS > Flashcards

MEDICATIONS Flashcards

1
Q

What do psychologists need to know about psychopharmalogical treatments? (4)

A
  • Likely impact on disorder
  • Side effects
  • Common interactions
  • Proprietary names
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2
Q

Common street drugs psychologists need to know about? (7)

A
  • Marijuana
  • Heroin/opiods
  • Cocaine
  • Methamphetamine
  • Hallucinogenics
  • Alcohol
  • Inhalants
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3
Q

What is pharamcodynamics?

A

How an agent (drug) has an impact. (Inhibiting or activating receptors/enzymes etc).

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4
Q

What is pharmacokinetics?

A

The way in which a psychotropic agent is passed through the body.

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5
Q

What are the four processes of pharmacokinetics? HINT: DAME PHARMACO

A
  • Absorption (into bloodstream)
  • Distribution (into CNS)
  • Metabolism (generally in liver)
  • Elimination (urination/respiration)

D - A - M - E

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6
Q

What does half-life mean?

A

Average time it takes to eliminate one half of the drugs concentration from the system.

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7
Q

What is the “Therapeutic Index”?

A

Ratio of drug effectiveness (therapeutic dose) to drug toxicity.

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8
Q

Should a Therapeutic Index be high or low ideally?

A

High. A high therapeutic index indicates risk of toxicity is lessened. E.g. safer drug 3000: versus morphine 70:1

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9
Q

What does it mean for a prescribed drug to be antagonistic?

A

Counters the effect of other drugs.

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10
Q

Name depressants (5). Hint: in a HAAIS

A
  • Alcohol
  • Inhalants
  • Sedatives
  • Anxiolytics
  • Hypnotics
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11
Q

Name opioids (3)

A
  • Heroin
  • Morphine
  • Codeine
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12
Q

Name hallucinogens (4)

A
  • Mescaline
  • PCP
  • LSD
  • Psilocybin
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13
Q

Name stimulants (3)

A
  • Cocaine
  • Caffeine
  • Amphetamines
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14
Q

Name 3 largest classifications of psychotropic medications (3)

A
  • Mood stabilisers
  • Antipsychotics
  • Antidepressants
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15
Q

Bodily processes impacting pharmacokinetics?

A
  • Liver impairment
  • Renal impairment
  • Gastro motility
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16
Q

Personal characteristics impacting pharmacokinetics?

A
  • Age
  • Physiological functioning
  • Gender
  • Disease status
  • Nutrition
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17
Q

What is a psychotropic?

A

Substance affecting mood, perception, behaviour.

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18
Q

What is acetylcholine involved in?

A

Memory, Learning and Attention

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19
Q

What is epinephrine involved in?

A

Fight or flight - discussed in regards to anxiety.

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20
Q

What is norepinephrine involved in?

A

Wakefulness and alertness.

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21
Q

What is dopamine involved in?

A

Behaviour regulation, learning, movement, mood. Inhibitory or excitory.

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22
Q

What is serotonin involved in?

A

Inhibits activity and behaviour. Relates to mood regulation, sleep, appetite.

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23
Q

What is GABA involved in?

A

Inhibiting neurons to decrease over-excitement.

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24
Q

What disorder implicates dopamine dysfunction?

A

Schizophrenia.

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25
Q

Barbituates and Benzo’s increase which NT?

A

GABA - inhibits overexcitement.

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26
Q

Cluster A - what type of characteristics might require medication?

A

Paranoid or eccentric features.

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27
Q

Cluster A - what type of medications are given? Name 3.

A

Anti-psychotics at mild doses.
Risperidone - Risperdal
Olanzapine - Zyprexa
Quetiapine - Seroquel

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28
Q

Cluster B - what type of characteristics might require medication? (5) Hint: DAALI

A
  • Impulsive
  • Depressive
  • Angry
  • Anxiety
  • Labile
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29
Q

Cluster B - what type of medications are given? Name 3.

A
  • D, A, I: Duloextine (Cymbalta) or other SSRI’s
  • Anxiety, self harm: Gabapentin (Neurontin) or naltrexone (Revia)
30
Q

Cluster C - what type of characteristics might require medication?

A

Anxious and Avoidant symptoms.

31
Q

Cluster C - what type of medications are given? Name 3.

A
  • SSRI’s for anxiety
  • Occasionally long acting benzo’s - (clonazepam) Klonopin or buspirone (Buspar)
32
Q

What medications are given in ADHD? (Main types and back up/longer lasting)

A
  • Dexamphetamines
  • Mephinidate (Ritalin)
  • Vyvanse - longer acting
  • Ritalin LA
33
Q

Can you use Ritalin if there is substance abuse?

A

Generally no - recommend atomoxetine (Strattera) instead. It boosts levels of norepinephrine in your brain to help with attention, hyperactivity, and impulsive behaviour but it not a stimulant.

34
Q

Name drug given in Ritalin if substance abuse is present?

A

Atomoxetine (Strattera)

35
Q

What features of Bipolar Disorder generally require medication?

A

Mania - sedation
Mood stabilisation - mood stabilisers

36
Q

Name medications generally used in Bipolar disorder (4)

A

Carbamazpeine (Tegretol) - mood stabiliser
Lithium - mood stabiliser
Valproate (Epilim) - sedation
Quietiapine (Seroquel) - antipsychotic

37
Q

Common side effects of Lithium?

A

Tremor, excessive thirst, toxicity (death).

38
Q

Side effects of Tegretol?

A

Ataxia (lack of voluntary co-rodination of muscles), dizziness, stomach upset.

39
Q

What 2 drugs (at different phases) may help with Dementia?

A

Initial - Donepizil (Aricept) to help slow cog decline
Later - Risperdone (Risperdal) or antipsychotic to manage behaviour changes

40
Q

What is Donepizil (Arciept) used for?

A

Slowing cog decline in dementia (inital phase)

41
Q

What is side effect of antipsychotics on dementia?

A

Can risk temporary cognitive decline.

42
Q

Why are diazepam and benzo’s no longer used as first line medications in anxiety?

A

Addictive and can lead to mild cognitive decline and diminished problem solving skills. Negative impact on new learning - bad for phobia treatments.

43
Q

Risk of benzos and heroin or opiods?

A

Increase risk of death due to repression of respiratory processes in the brain.

44
Q

Common medications for anxiety?

A
  • Antidepressants(SSRI’s)
  • Betablockers
45
Q

Give two examples of Beta blockers used in anxiety treatment?

A

Propranol (Inderal)
Atenolol (Noten)

46
Q

How do betablockers work in anxiety?

A

Block epinephrine (adrenaline).

47
Q

Name historical type of antidepressant’s not given frequently anymore?

A

Tricyclic antidepressants - effective but lots of side effects inc stomach upset and dizziness.

48
Q

What is first line medication for depression? Name examples (3)

A

SSRI’s first
- Setraline (Zoloft)
- Fluxoetine (Prozac)
- Citalopram (Cipramil)

49
Q

What are alternatives to SSRI’s for depression (3)?

A

Agomelatine (Valdoxan) targets melatonin system.
Mirtazapine (Avanza) targets norepinephrine.
Desvenlafaixine (Pristiq) targets norepinephrine and SSRI.

50
Q

Agomelatine (Valdoxan) and Mirtazapine (Avanza) are alternative medications for which disorder?

A

Major Depression

51
Q

What are common side effects of antidepressants? (5) HINT: GLAAM

A
  • Loss of libido
  • Gastric symptoms
  • Anxiety
  • Agitation
  • Mood constriction
52
Q

How long does it take for antidepressants to start working?

A

1-2 weeks
Full effects 4-8 weeks

53
Q

What side effect of antidepressants is implicated in increased suicide risk?

A

Agitation

54
Q

Is is safe to take SSRI’s whilst pregnant?

A

Generally yes.

55
Q

How is “treatment resistant” depression augemented with medication?

A

Addition of mood stabiliser or antipsychotic to medication mix.

56
Q

What is clomipramine (Anafranil) used to treat?

A

Antidepressant for OCD

57
Q

What medications are used for OCD?

A

Higher Dose antidepressants.

58
Q

What are the following medications used to treat?
- Mirtazapine (Avanza)
- clomipramine (Anafranil)
- Atenolol (Noten)

A
  1. Alt antidepressant targeting norephinephrine system in depression
  2. OCD
  3. Beta blocker for anxiety
59
Q

What are the following medications used to treat?
- Valproate (Epilim)
- Agomelatine (Valdoxan)
- Setraline (Zoloft)

A
  1. Sedation in bipolar
  2. Melatonin system in depression
  3. SSRI in depression
60
Q

What class of drugs is used for delusions and hallucinations?

A

Antipsychotics

61
Q

Name common antipsychotics used in schizophrenia? (3)

A
  • Olanzapine (Zyprexa)
  • Risperidone (Ripserdal)
  • Quetiapine (Seroquel)
62
Q

Common side effects of antipsychotics?

A

Weight gain.

63
Q

What drug might be used in “treatment resistant” schizophrenia? What are the side effects? (SSS)

A

Clozapine (Clozaril). Sedation, seizures and salivation (drooling/night wetting).

64
Q

Why are injections sometimes used in schizophrenia?

A

Low medication adherence due to poor insight.

65
Q

What is haloperidol (Haldol) and zuclopenthixone (Clopixol) used for?

A

Long acting injectable antipsychotics used for schizophrenia in hospital settings.

66
Q

Name long acting injectable antipsychotics used for schizophrenia in hospital settings?

A

haloperidol (Haldol) and zuclopenthixone (Clopixol)

67
Q

What is significant side effect of some typical antipsychotics?

A

Tardive dyskinesia

68
Q

What is Tardive dyskinesia?

A

A movement disorder characterized by uncontrollable, abnormal, and repetitive movements of the face, torso, and/or other body parts

69
Q

How long does it take for delusions and hallucinations to improve with low dose antipsychotics?

A

Weeks to months.

70
Q

What was the first antipsychotic medication used in the treatment of schizophrenia first in 1950?What drugs and conditions are these serious side effects of?

Ataxia

Tardive dyskinesia

A
  1. Bipolar - linked to tegretol use. Lack of voluntary muscle use, dizziness and nausea.
  2. Schizophrenia - linked to antipsychotics use. Involuntary, abnormal and repetitive movements of face/other body parts.
71
Q

What was the first antipsychotic medication used in the treatment of schizophrenia first in 1950?

A

Chlorpromazine

NPE TRICKY BITS (6 decks)

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