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NPE TRICKY BITS > DISORDERS > Flashcards

DISORDERS Flashcards

1
Q

How long does someone need to experience GAD symptoms for diagnosis purposes?

A

6 months, with excessive worry occuring more days than not.

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2
Q

What is Criteria B in GAD diagnosis?

A

The individual finds it difficult to control worry.

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3
Q

Name 3 of 6 associated symptoms needed in GAD (only one needed in children).

A
  1. Feeling restless/keyed up
  2. Easily Fatigued
  3. Irritability
  4. Muscle tension
  5. Difficulty concentrating
  6. Sleep disturbances
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4
Q

Criterion D, E, F in GAD?

A
  • Symptoms cause significant impairment/distress
  • Not attributable to medical/substance/physiological condition
  • Not better explained by other mental disorder
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5
Q

Who is more likely to experience GAD?

A

Females - twice as likely as males.

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6
Q

Time period for symptom onset after stressor in Adjustment Disorder?

A

within 3 months.

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7
Q

What constitutes “clinically significant” behaviours/symptoms in Criterion B of adjustment Disorder?

A
  1. Marked distress out of proportion to severity of stressor
  2. Significant impairment in important areas of functioning
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8
Q

What is Criterion C in adjustment disorder?

A

Can’t meet criteria for another disorder or be exacerbation of exisiting disorder.

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9
Q

What should NOT be mistaken for adjustment disorder?

A

Normal bereavement/grief.

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10
Q

What is Criterion E in adjustment disorder?

A

Symptoms do not persist for more than an additional 6 months once stressor has terminated.

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11
Q

What patterns or types stressors are possible for Adjustment Disorder?

A

Single (eg. romantic break up)
Recurrent (seasonal business issues, recurring university exam stress)
Continuous (living in poverty, living with difficult disability)

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12
Q

Timings for acute stress disorder, adjustment disorder, PTSD?

A

Adjustment disorder: immediately - persisting up to 6 months.
Acute stress: lasting at least 3 days and up to 1 month since onset of stress.
PTSD: after one month since the traumatic event occurred.

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13
Q

To diagnose Antisocial personality disorder the person must be ___ and have met criteria for ___ since before ___

A

18 years old, conduct disorder, 15 years old

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14
Q

A pervasive pattern of ?? is included in Criterion A of Antisocial Personality Disorder

A

Disregard for and violation of the rights of others since age 15

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15
Q

Name 3 out of 7 possible symptoms for Criterion A of Antisocial personality disorder? Hint: FLIICRD

A
  1. Failure to conform w lawful behaviours
  2. Lack of remorse
  3. Impulsive
  4. Irritability an aggressiveness
  5. Consistent irresponsibility
  6. Reckless disregard for safety
  7. Deceitfulness
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16
Q

Possible disorders to be ruled out that may increase antisocial behaviour?

A

Bipolar and Schizophrenia

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17
Q

What is the relationship between Alzheimer’s and Major Neurocognitive Disorder?

A

Alzheimer’s disease is one possible cause of dementia (also known as Major Neurocognitive Disorder) - but not the only cause. MND - description of symptoms which can have mutiple causes. Alzheimers - pathological brain disease.

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18
Q

When is cyclothymic disorder considered appropriate?

A

The diagnosis of cyclothymic disorder is given to adults who experience at least 2 years (for children, a full year) of both hypomanie and depressive periods without ever fulfilling the criteria for an episode of mania, hypomania, or major depression.

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19
Q

What defines a manic episode in Bipolar 1? (4)

A
  1. abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood
  2. abnormally and persistently increased goal-directed activity or energy
  3. lasting at least 1 week
  4. present most of the day, nearly every day
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20
Q

Name 4 Criterion B symptoms for Bipolar 1?

A
  1. Inflated self esteem/grandiosity
  2. Decreased need for sleep
  3. More talkative/pressure to keep talking
  4. Flight of ideas/racing thoughts
  5. Distractability
  6. Increase in psychomotor agitation or goal directed activity
  7. Risky or dangerous behaviours
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21
Q

What does “flight of ideas” mean?

A

rapid speech pattern with abrupt topic changes characterized by loosely connected or unrelated thoughts.

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22
Q

What is Criterion C of Bipolar 1?

A

Significant impairment of functioning OR requiring hospitalisations OR psychotic features

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23
Q

How many manic episodes are required for Bipolar 1 diagnosis?

A

At least one

24
Q

How does hypomanic episode differ to manic?

A

Change in functioning is uncharacteristic and observable to others but does require hospitalisation, significantly impact functioning or have psychotic features.

25
Q

How many days does a hypomanic episode need to last for diagnosis?

A

At least 4

26
Q

Is a hypomanic episode required for Bipolar 1 diagnosis?

A

No. They are common but are not required for Bipolar 1 diagnosis. (At least one manic episode is though).

27
Q

Is a major depressive episode required for Bipolar 1 diagnosis?

A

No. They are common but are not required for Bipolar 1 diagnosis.

28
Q

Most common type of hallucinations in schizophrenia?

A

Auditory - approx 80% of those diagnosed experience auditory hallucinations

29
Q

What is a “delusion”?

A

Holding a fixed, false belief despite evidence to the contrary

30
Q

What are three positive symptoms in schizophrenia?

A
  1. Hallucinations
  2. Delusions (paranoid, control, grandeur, erotomania, delusions of reference)
  3. Disorganised speech (word salad)
31
Q

What do negative symptoms mean in schizophrenia?

A

Deficits in normal emotions and thoughts

32
Q

Examples of negative symptoms in schizophrenia? Hint: 5A’s

A
  1. Affect - blunted (little emotion)
  2. Anhedonia
  3. Alogia (speech lacks content)
  4. Asociality (lack of interest in social connection)
  5. Avolition - (lack of motivation)
33
Q

Cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia?

A

Low attention levels
Difficulty with problem solving
Poor decision making

34
Q

What characteristics usually appear in the prodromal phase of schizophrenia?

A

Cognitive and negative symptoms (followed by the first episode of psychosis)

35
Q

What does DSM-5 require for schizophrenia diagnosis?

A

2 symptoms present for over one month including:
1 + positive symptom
1 + negative symptom or disorganised/catatonic behaviour
Significant impact on functioning for 6 months +

36
Q

Typical age of schizophrenia is ___ in males than in females. Schizophrenia is ___ common in females when compared to males.

A

younger (25ish) , less common

37
Q

What is rapid cycling in bipolar disorder?

A

4+ episodes of mania or depressive episodes in 12 months

38
Q

Who is more frequently diagnosed with Bipolar disorder, males or females?

A

Bipolar disorder is considered relatively equal across the sexes.

39
Q

What do we mean by “anxiety”?

A

A state of apprehension or uneasiness in anticipation of a real or perceived threat

40
Q

Prevalance Rates of Disorders - most common to least in GENERAL POPULATION- BASED ON NPE BOOK

A

PTSD 6.4%
Somatic Symptom Disorder 5-7%
Substance Abuse 5.1%
Adjustment Disorder 5-20%
Social Anxiety 4.7%
Depression 4.1%
Seperation Anxiety 4% children
Panic Disorder 3%
ADHD 2.5-5%
GAD 2-3.5%
Conduct Disorder 2-10%
OCD 1.9%
BPD 1.6% - 5.9%
Bulimia 1-1.5%
ASD 1%
BED 0.8-1.6
Anorexia 0.4%
Antisocial Personality 0.2 - 3.3%
Schizophrenia - data unclear but suggested low

41
Q

Most common 4 disorders in Australia based on Gen Pop figures?

A

Anxiety Disorders 28.8%
Depressive Disorders 7.5%
PTSD 6.4%
Substance Abuse 5.1%

42
Q

4 least common disorders in Australia based on Gen Pop figures?

A

BED 0.8-1.6
Anorexia 0.4%
Antisocial Personality 0.2 - 3.3%
Schizophrenia - data unclear but suggested low

43
Q

How long does someone need to have been experiencing ADHD symptoms for a diagnosis to be considered?

A

At least 6 months with several symptoms onset observable before 12 years

44
Q

How many ADHD symptoms are necessary for diagnosis?

A

6+ of Attention Defecit AND/OR hyperactivity/Impulsivity

45
Q

What contextual criterion are considered in ADHD diagnosis?

A

Symptoms MUST be present in 2+ settings and must impact significantly on functioning (academic, social, occupational)

46
Q

Inattention manifests behaviorally in ADHD as….

A

wandering off task, lacking persistence, having difficulty sustaining focus, and being disorganized and is not due to defiance or lack of comprehension.

47
Q

Hyperactivity in ADHD manifests as…

A

Excessive motor energy, fidgeting restlessness usually paired with impulsivity (hasty actions).

48
Q

Borderline Personality disorder is a pattern of instability in: (HINT: AIRS)

A

Affect
Impulsivity
Relationships
Self-Image

49
Q

How many symptoms are required to diagnose BPD?

50
Q

Symptoms of BPD include (9) SCUUFIIIT

A
  • Unstable relationships (Idealisation/Devaluation
  • Suicidal ideation or behaviours
  • Unstable sense of self/self image
  • Inappropriate anger or difficulty controlling
  • Frantic efforts to avoid abandonement
  • Impulsivity in 2+ areas that are potentially damaging
  • Transient paranoia or dissociation
  • Instability in mood
  • Chronic feelings of emptiness
51
Q

UNDER-rexia Mnemonic for Anorexia:

A

Underweight
Nervousness about gaining weight
Distorted Perceptions
Excessive Exercise
Restricting Calories

52
Q

BOWL-emia Mnemonic for Bulimia:

A

Binge eating
Offsetting (Purging behaviours)
Weekly (binge/purge episodes occuring at least weekly for 3 months)
Link to self esteem

53
Q

Which ED is less responsive to medication?

54
Q

Which ED is more evenly seen in men and women?

A

Binge eating disorder

55
Q

When does ARFID generally start to be seen in individuals?

NPE TRICKY BITS (6 decks)

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