Medications Flashcards
Oxygen (02): monitoring
Sp02, RR, Pa02 (ABG), colour
Oxygen (02): patient education
should include correct administration and use of oxygen delivery devices
Oxygen (02): Adverse effects
toxicity with prolonged exposure to high 02 concentrations; decreased affinity of Hb for C02 in C02 retainers (haldane effect)
Oxygen (02): precautions
oxygen therapy devices should not be used near an open flame due to its high combustibility
Oxygen (02): Pharmacodynamics
oxygen therapy improves effective cellular oxygenation. it acts to restore normal cellular activity at the mitochondrial level and reduce metabolic acidosis
Oxygen (02): pharmacokinetics
oxygen is largely inhaled into the alveoli and diffused into the capillary bed. oxygen combines with haemoglobin, with a small amount being dissolved in the plasma. oxygen is metabolised in the tissues almost entirely in the mitochondria, where oxidase enzymes reduce the oxygen in the formation of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) excretion of oxygen metabolites (C02 and H20) is via the lung renal system
Oxygen (02): reason
treatment of hypoxaemia by increasing alveolar oxygen tension. The aim is achieve a normal or near normal oxygen saturation for an individual patient
Salbutamol (short acting B2 adrenergic agonist (SABA): reason
bronchodilator - relief of symptoms during maintenance treatment of asthma and COPD; prevention of treatment of exercise/allergen induced bronchospasm
Salbutamol (short acting B2 adrenergic agonist (SABA): monitoring
peak flow measurements before and after administration can help determine effectiveness
Salbutamol (short acting B2 adrenergic agonist (SABA): patient education
what common side effects to expect
appropriate delivery of inhaler (including spacer, mouth care)
asthma and COPD action plan
Salbutamol (short acting B2 adrenergic agonist (SABA): adverse effects
tachycardia, headache, nervous tension, fine hand tremor, hypotension
hyper/hypokalemia (which may cause weakness, fatigue, tremors, muscle spasm)
Salbutamol (short acting B2 adrenergic agonist (SABA): contradictions
caution with CVD, diabetes and HTN
inhaler may contain lactose
Salbutamol (short acting B2 adrenergic agonist (SABA): pharmacodynamics
salbutamol is a B2- adrenergic agonist and stimulates B2 adrenergic receptors. binding to these receptors in the lungs results in relaxation of bronchial smooth muscles
Salbutamol (short acting B2 adrenergic agonist (SABA): pharmacokinetics
onset by inhalation is rapid (5-15 min) peak effect reached in 1-2 hours
metabolised in liver and excreted in kidneys
GTN (Glyceryl Trinitrate Antianginal): Indications for use
Chest Pain/Angina
GTN (Glyceryl Trinitrate Antianginal): Monitoring Requirements
BP and HR
GTN (Glyceryl Trinitrate Antianginal): Patient Education
Sit down, Stand up slowly
GTN (Glyceryl Trinitrate Antianginal): Side Effects
Flushing, Headache, Dizziness, Dry mouth (rare)
GTN (Glyceryl Trinitrate Antianginal): Contra-indications
VIAGRA, ETOH (ethanol), HR <50
GTN (Glyceryl Trinitrate Antianginal): Pharmacodynamics
Antagonises NO receptors = relaxes smooth muscle. Dilates veins and arteries. Reduces BP
GTN (Glyceryl Trinitrate Antianginal): Pharmacokinetics
Sublingual, dermal, rapidly metabolised short duration
Morphine Sulfate: ADDITIONAL NAMES INCLUDE:
Morphine Sulfate (IV), Oxynorm, Sevredol, MS Contin
MORPHINE SULFATE: Indications for use
Analgesia/sedation
MORPHINE SULFATE: Monitoring Requirements
RR, BP, HR
MORPHINE SULFATE: Patient education
Careful mobilising. Avoid ethanol and other opiates
MORPHINE SULFATE: Side Effects
Sedation, Dizziness, Nausea, constipation, hallucinations
MORPHINE SULFATE: Contra-Indications
Respiration rate, depression, severe asthma, acute abdomen pain, traumatic brain injury (TBI)
MORPHINE SULFATE: Pharmacodynamics
Opioid mu-receptor antagonist. Targets CNS opiate receptors. Depresses CNS, RR, GI. Vasodilation
MORPHINE SULFATE: Pharmacokinetics
Oral, IM, IV, Per rectum. Short half life
