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BNKN602 COPY 2023 > Medications > Flashcards

Medications Flashcards

1
Q

Oxygen (02): monitoring

A

Sp02, RR, Pa02 (ABG), colour

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2
Q

Oxygen (02): patient education

A

should include correct administration and use of oxygen delivery devices

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3
Q

Oxygen (02): Adverse effects

A

toxicity with prolonged exposure to high 02 concentrations; decreased affinity of Hb for C02 in C02 retainers (haldane effect)

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4
Q

Oxygen (02): precautions

A

oxygen therapy devices should not be used near an open flame due to its high combustibility

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5
Q

Oxygen (02): Pharmacodynamics

A

oxygen therapy improves effective cellular oxygenation. it acts to restore normal cellular activity at the mitochondrial level and reduce metabolic acidosis

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6
Q

Oxygen (02): pharmacokinetics

A

oxygen is largely inhaled into the alveoli and diffused into the capillary bed. oxygen combines with haemoglobin, with a small amount being dissolved in the plasma. oxygen is metabolised in the tissues almost entirely in the mitochondria, where oxidase enzymes reduce the oxygen in the formation of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) excretion of oxygen metabolites (C02 and H20) is via the lung renal system

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7
Q

Oxygen (02): reason

A

treatment of hypoxaemia by increasing alveolar oxygen tension. The aim is achieve a normal or near normal oxygen saturation for an individual patient

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8
Q

Salbutamol (short acting B2 adrenergic agonist (SABA): reason

A

bronchodilator - relief of symptoms during maintenance treatment of asthma and COPD; prevention of treatment of exercise/allergen induced bronchospasm

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9
Q

Salbutamol (short acting B2 adrenergic agonist (SABA): monitoring

A

peak flow measurements before and after administration can help determine effectiveness

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10
Q

Salbutamol (short acting B2 adrenergic agonist (SABA): patient education

A

what common side effects to expect
appropriate delivery of inhaler (including spacer, mouth care)
asthma and COPD action plan

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11
Q

Salbutamol (short acting B2 adrenergic agonist (SABA): adverse effects

A

tachycardia, headache, nervous tension, fine hand tremor, hypotension
hyper/hypokalemia (which may cause weakness, fatigue, tremors, muscle spasm)

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12
Q

Salbutamol (short acting B2 adrenergic agonist (SABA): contradictions

A

caution with CVD, diabetes and HTN
inhaler may contain lactose

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13
Q

Salbutamol (short acting B2 adrenergic agonist (SABA): pharmacodynamics

A

salbutamol is a B2- adrenergic agonist and stimulates B2 adrenergic receptors. binding to these receptors in the lungs results in relaxation of bronchial smooth muscles

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14
Q

Salbutamol (short acting B2 adrenergic agonist (SABA): pharmacokinetics

A

onset by inhalation is rapid (5-15 min) peak effect reached in 1-2 hours
metabolised in liver and excreted in kidneys

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15
Q

GTN (Glyceryl Trinitrate Antianginal): Indications for use

A

Chest Pain/Angina

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16
Q

GTN (Glyceryl Trinitrate Antianginal): Monitoring Requirements

A

BP and HR

17
Q

GTN (Glyceryl Trinitrate Antianginal): Patient Education

A

Sit down, Stand up slowly

18
Q

GTN (Glyceryl Trinitrate Antianginal): Side Effects

A

Flushing, Headache, Dizziness, Dry mouth (rare)

19
Q

GTN (Glyceryl Trinitrate Antianginal): Contra-indications

A

VIAGRA, ETOH (ethanol), HR <50

20
Q

GTN (Glyceryl Trinitrate Antianginal): Pharmacodynamics

A

Antagonises NO receptors = relaxes smooth muscle. Dilates veins and arteries. Reduces BP

21
Q

GTN (Glyceryl Trinitrate Antianginal): Pharmacokinetics

A

Sublingual, dermal, rapidly metabolised short duration

22
Q

Morphine Sulfate: ADDITIONAL NAMES INCLUDE:

A

Morphine Sulfate (IV), Oxynorm, Sevredol, MS Contin

23
Q

MORPHINE SULFATE: Indications for use

A

Analgesia/sedation

24
Q

MORPHINE SULFATE: Monitoring Requirements

A

RR, BP, HR

25
Q

MORPHINE SULFATE: Patient education

A

Careful mobilising. Avoid ethanol and other opiates

26
Q

MORPHINE SULFATE: Side Effects

A

Sedation, Dizziness, Nausea, constipation, hallucinations

27
Q

MORPHINE SULFATE: Contra-Indications

A

Respiration rate, depression, severe asthma, acute abdomen pain, traumatic brain injury (TBI)

28
Q

MORPHINE SULFATE: Pharmacodynamics

A

Opioid mu-receptor antagonist. Targets CNS opiate receptors. Depresses CNS, RR, GI. Vasodilation

29
Q

MORPHINE SULFATE: Pharmacokinetics

A

Oral, IM, IV, Per rectum. Short half life

BNKN602 COPY 2023 (35 decks)

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