Medications Flashcards
ACE inhibitors
PRILS
Prevents ACE(angiotensin converting enzyme) from converting Angiotensin 1 to Angiotensin 2
Action:
Atrial/venous vasodilator
Decrease cardiac load
Treatment for hypertension
Lowers BP
Side effects:
Dry cough
Hypotension
Orthostatic hypotension
Renal failure
Fatigue
Calcium channel blockers
PINES
Action:
Used in hypertension
Reduces BP
Fewer side effects than beta blockers
Used for arrhythmias and angina treatment.
Side effects:
Bradycardia
Hypotension
Edema in ankles d/t dilation of arterioles leaking fluid into tissue.
GI disturbing
Beta Blockers
OLOLS
They block adrenergic beta receptors.
Action:
Decrease cardiac output
Treating- angina, MI, arrhythmia, heart failure, hypertension.
Lower blood pressure
Side effects:
Asthma contraindications
Cold hands
Fatigue
Induces asthma
Heart failure
Nausea
Should not be used in people that have Bradycardia under 55 yo
Diuretics
Reduce sodium resorption by antagonizing aldosterone.
Causes potassium retention.
Blocks binding of aldosterone—> increasing excretion of sodium and water.
Action:
Result in salt and water loss from body.
1-Loop diuretics- work in acending limb.
2- thiazides- work in the distal convoluted tubule in kidneys.
3-Potassium sparing- work in the collecting duct
Side effects:
Sodium loss can cause potassium loss and hypokalemia.
Hypovolemia in elderly.
Peripheral weakness.
Erectile dysfunction.
What is cardiac output?
The amount of blood that comes out of the heart per minute.
What is vascular resistance?
The resistance that blood encounters as it travels through the blood stream.
Affected by:
Size of blood vessel ( dilated or constricted)
Thickness of blood
Length of blood vessel
Blood pressure formula?
BP= CO x VR
Proton pump inhibitors
ZOLE
Action:
Suppress gastric acid secretion
Used in Gord, dyspepsia, peptic ulceration.
Side effects:
Diarrhea
Skin rash
Headache
Constipation
Fever
Chronic use may lead to reduced b12 absorption, osteoporosis.
Alpha 1 Antagonist / Blockers
OSINS
Action:
Dilate blood vessels by blocking alpha 1receptors
Side effects:
Postural hypotension
Laughing
Sneezing
Angiotensin 2 Receptor Blocker
ARB
SARTANS
Action:
Prescription for those who can’t handle ACE, works similar.
Blocks Angiotensin 2( which narrows blood vessels) and helps dilate blood vessels to lower bp
Used in adolescents or diabetics with hypertension
Side effects:
Hypotension
May cause birth defects
AAAABC
ACE inhibitors
Angiotensin2 receptor blockers
Aldosterone blockers
Alpha 1 antagonist
Beta blockers
Calcium channel blockers
Aldosterone Blockers
Technically a diuretic.
Aka- potassium sparing diuretics
If Aldosterone is blocked—> blood pressure stops going up.
Action:
Travels to the distal convoluted tubule and increases resorption of sodium & water back into blood which causes blood pressure to increase
Aldosterone blockers block this causing BP TO LOWER
SIDE EFFECTS:
Erectile dysfunction
Heparin
IV Coagulant
Prevents blood clots
Works for:
Dvt
PE
MI
Side effects:
Bleeding
Bruising
Heparin induces thrombocytopenia
Osteoporosis
Warfin
Oral anticoagulant
Inhibits the synthesis of Vit K-dependent clotting factors, preventing blood clots.
Works for:
DVT
PE
MI
Stroke
Side effects:
Bleeding
Bruising
Osteoporosis
Warfin induced skin necrosis
TCA
Tricyclic Antidepressants
Med: Amitriptyline, ‘mines’
Patho: Inhibits the reuptake of seretonin and and norepinephrine in the brain which can improve mood and alleviate symptoms of depression and chronic pain.
Works for:
Depression and chronic pain
Side effects:
Dry mouth
Constipation
Blurred vision
Weight gain
