Abdominal Exam Flashcards
Causes of abominar distention?
Ascites: CHF, Cirrhosis
Obesity
Pregnancy
Types of scars/lumps/bumps?
Hernia: inguinal, femoral, umbilical, epigastric
Lipoma: fat bump
Undescended testicle
Striae types/colors?
Pink/purple- Cushings
Silver-normal or marfans
Capital Medusae meaning?
Portal hypertension d/t cirrhosis or IVC obstruction
Spider naevi meaning?
More than 3= liver disease
Pregnancy
Types of Rashes and their meaning?
Target sign- lymes disease
Psoriasis
Erythema
Eczema
Herpes Zoster (shingles)
Visible peristalsis?
Skinny- low body fat
IBS/IBD
Pulsations?
AAA
Heaves- visible over heart and great vessels can indicate atrial regurgitation
Jaundice presents with?
Yellow skin,nails and sclera
General feeling of malaise
Dark color urine
Pruritis- itching
Increased bowel sounds?
IBD/IBS, diarrhea or gastroenteritis
Decreased bowel sounds?
Ileus d/t post abdominal surgery or slow digestive tract mobility
Bruits?
Turbulent blood flow over aorta, both iliac arteries and renal arteries d/t atherosclerosis
Friction rub over liver or spleen?
Abnormal mass present
Venous hum?
Portal venous hypertension secondary to liver disease
Causes of Hepatomegaly?
Cirrhosis
Neoplasm
Mononucleosis
Hepatitis A B C
Fatty liver disease
Causes of Splenomegaly?
CHF
tumor
Portal hypertension
Malaria
Cirrhosis
Kidney enlargement?
Pyelonephritis
Hydro nephritis
Poly cystic kidney disease
Kidney stones- dehydration and excess exercise, obesity
Light palpation findings?
Crepitus-gas filled subcutaneous tissue
Bumps- hernias, lipomas
McBurney’s point - appendicitis
Deep palpitation findings?
Rigidity- peritonitis
Guarding- muscle contraction to protect inflamed area
Special Abdominal tests?
Ascites: wave test, AP/Lat percussion
RIF: pain over McBurneys
Hernia assessment: patient coughs—> hernia bulges out
