Lab Tests

Question 1

Full blood count test

Answer 1

Hemoglobin
Total WBC
Platelets

Question 2

Increase/decreased hemoglobin?

Answer 2

Increase:
Marrow overproduction- high altitude, fatty liver disease.
Decrease:
-Loss of blood-> anemia
-Macrocytic Anemia- B12, folate,alcohol
-Microcytic anemia- iron deficiency

Question 3

Cause of increased WBC?

Answer 3

Reactive- infection
Leukaemia

Question 4

Increased/decreased platelets?

Answer 4

Increase: Thrombocythemia
-Reactive- chronic low grade bleeding
-alcoholism
-B12 deficiency
-Blood loss
Decrease: Thrombocytopenia
-Leukemia
-Loss of blood
-Hep C

Question 5

Urea and electrolytes:

Answer 5

-Contains Na, potassium , Urea, Creatinine
S/S:
-Renal failure causes-> ⬆️potassium , urea, creatinine.
- Excessive sweating causes a low potassium and sodium.
-Diabetes- monitored by fasting glucose and HBA1c

Question 6

Inflammatory markers:

Answer 6

ESR:
-the erythrocyte sedimentation rate, indicates the amount of protein in the blood by measuring the sedimentation(fall) of erythrocytes in a test tube.
PV: Plasma viscosity
-measures the viscosity of the blood. During inflammation it increases because the #of proteins increases.
CRP: C-reactive protein
Helps determine inflammation.
Produce in the liver and if high then it indicates inflammation.

Question 7

Liver Function Test (LFT)

Answer 7

-Bilirubin, Transaminase/Transferase, Alkaline phosphate, Albumin.

Question 8

Increased bilirubin in blood is a sign of?

Answer 8

Jaundice

Question 9

Increase in transaminase/transferase is a sign of?

Answer 9

Hepatitis

Question 10

Increase of Alkaline phosphate?

Answer 10

Gallstones

Question 11

Disease markers:

Answer 11

PSA: prostate specific antigen
-PSA is a protein produce by a normal or malignant cell in the prostate gland.
CA125:
-glycoprotein found on the surface of ovarian cancer cells

Question 12

Hormones

Answer 12

-Testosterone.
-oestrogen, progesterone
-checking ovulation-day 21 progesterone.
-Menopause-⬆️FSH

Question 13

Urinalysis:

Answer 13

-Pregnancy
-Diabetes
-Kidney or liver disease
-UTI
Tests:
Dipstick

Question 14

Serum Albumin Test:

Answer 14

Measures amount of albumin in the blood- to diagnose liver disease
Low levels=liver disease

Question 15

Cholesterol:

Answer 15

LDL: low density lipoprotein(bad)
-high levels increase chances of stroke or heart disease.
HDL:high density lipoprotein(good)
-high levels lower chances of CV and stroke risk.