Medications Flashcards
what is a non-cardio selective beta blocker
propanolol; antihypertension
what does propanol help
decrease resistance; decrease workload; decrease cardiac output; decrease intraocular pressure-glaucoma
who should not receive propanolol
patients diagnosed with COPD/asthma (causes bronchoconstriction) or PVD (circulation is impaired)
what should the nurse watch out for while giving propanolol
bradycardia; exacerbates heart failure; don’t suddenly stop; BG; orthostatic hypotension (lowers BP); know overdose symptoms
which antihypertensive medication produces a cough
ACE inhibitor; captopril
what does captopril do
lowers BP, not HR; allows water and sodium in, let’s potassium out
side effects of captopril
coughing; hypokalemia
what should the patient not eat with captopril?
green vegetables
what medication should you not take with captopril
allopurinol
what drug is a mucolytic
acetylcysteine
what does acetylcysteine do
thins respiratory secretions
what does acetylcysteine treat
cystic fibrosis; acetaminophen overdose
how is acetylcysteine given
inhalation; for the overdose, IV or oral
what type of patient should you watch taking acetylcysteine
asthma because it can cause bronchospasms
what type of medication is pseudoephedrine
oral decongestant
what does pseudoephedrine do
shrinks nasal membrane by stimulating alpha-adrenergic receptors; promotes drainage in sinuses to improve air flow
what does pseudoephedrine cause
hypertension
what type of medication is albuterol
short-acting beta agonist bronchodilator
what does albuterol treat
acute attacks; bronchospasm r/t asthma, bronchitis
what does albuterol do
quickly reduce airway constriction and restore normal airflow
when is albuterol use
during hypotension and shock
what does albuterol cause
tremors, tachycardia, hypokalemia, CNS stimulation
what drug is an antihistamine
diphenhydramine
what does antihistamines do
reduce inflammation
how does antihistamines work to reduce inflammation
reduce swelling; reduced secretions; widened airway; decrease hives
what are the side effects of antihistamine
sleepiness; dry mouth; blurred vision; urinary retention (benign prostate hypertrophy)
what medication is a proton pump inhibitor
omeprazole
what does proton pump inhibitors treat
(also prevent) ulcers, GERD; if h. pylori with PPI and antibiotic
what does a proton pump inhibitor do
suppresses gastric acid production; blocks calcium absorption
what can a proton pump inhibitor cause
osteoporosis (bone fractures), c. diff, pneumonia
what are antidiarrheal drugs
bismuth subsalicylate and loperamide
what does bismuth subsalicylate treat
diarrhea, GERD, nausea
what can bismuth subsalicylate cause
reye syndrome (rare failure of acute liver failure- DONT give to kids)
what is a normal finding for a patient given bismuth subsalicylate
dark/black colored stool
what type of drug gentamicin
aminoglycosides (antibiotic)
what does gentamicin do
treat bacterial infections
what should the nurse monitor with gentamicin
peak and trough to determine if an additional dose is needed
symptoms of gentamicin
ototoxicity (hearing/balancing problems); nephrotoxicity (kidney damage)
what type of drug is ciprofloxacin
fluoroquinolones (antibiotic)
what is the special reaction to ciprofloxacin
tendonitis in older adults
what can ciprofloxacin cause
tendonitis; photosensitivity (sunburn)
what type of drug is sulfonamide
antibiotics
what is a common medication for sulfonamide
trimethoprim
what is the action of sulfonamide
block para-aminobenzoic acid to prevent the synthesis of folic acid in susceptible bacteria
what does sulfonamide treat
infections caused by gram negative and positive bacteria
what are symptoms of sulfonamide
allergy; crystalluria; photosensitivity; teratogenic
what should the patient do while taking sulfonamide
stay well hydrated
what is lispro
rapid-acting insulin (onset 5-15 minutes; peak 1-2 hours; duration 3-5 hours)
what should the patient do after the injection
eat a meal
what is insulin glargin
long acting (onset 1-2 hours; duration 24 hours; no peak)
how frequent can insulin glargine be given
once daily, also twice every 12 hours
what does insulin galrgine look like
clear. colorless solution
what insulin can be taken through IV
regular
what type of drug is levothyroxine
hypothyroidism
action of levothyroxine
increase the metabolic rate of body tissues; increase oxygen consumption, respiration, and HR; the rate fat, protein, and carbohydrate metabolism; growth and maturation; increases thyroid levels
what are some cautions of levothyroxine
thyrotoxicosis; acute myocardial infarction
what are adverse effects of levothyroxine
skin reactions; symptoms of hyperthyroidism; cardiac stimulation; weight loss
when should levothyroxine be taken
in the morning with an empty stomach
why is carbidopa and levodopa mixed
carbidopa decreased the amount of levodopa needed to reach therapeutic level in the brain; the dosage of levodopa can be decreased, reducing adverse side effects
what type of drug is benztropine
anticholinergic (parkinson’s)
what does benztropine treat
extrapyramidal symptoms
side effects of benztropine
Tachycardia, dysrhythmias, hyper- or hypotension, hepatic
dysfunction, pregnancy/lactation, hot environments
drug-drug interactions with benztropine
other anticholinergic drugs and antipsychotics
what type of drug is phenytoin
antiseizure- hydantoins
what is the action of phenytoin
stabilize nerve membranes thoughout CNS by influencing ionic channels in cell membrane
what does phenytoin cause
acute toxicity at high doses; gingival hyperplasia; CN VI damage; impaired balance; slurred speech
why is phenytoin mixed with saline
it has a drug-drug interaction with alcohol
what is the normal level of phenytoin
10-20
why is oral care needed for phenytoin
to prevent gingival hyperplasia
what type of drug is phenobarbital
antiseizure barbital (addictive)
what does phenobarbital do
stabilize nerve membranes throughout the CNS directly by influencing ionic channels in the cell membrane
adverse effects of phenobarbital
depression, confusion, drowsiness, lethargy, fatigue, constipation, dry mouth, anorexia, cardiac, arrhythmias, changes in BP, urinary retention, loss of libido, physical dependence and withdrawl
what type of drug is valproic acid
anitseizure
valproic acid action
reduces abnormal electrical activity in the brain
valproic acid indication
increase GABA activity at inhibitory receptors
what is the normal levels of valproic acid
50-100
adverse effects of antibiotics
secondary infections, GI upset, NEPHROTOXICITY
tetracycline
damage to teeth; gray colored teeth; take on an empty stomach
