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PHARM FINAL > Medications > Flashcards

Medications Flashcards

1
Q

what is a non-cardio selective beta blocker

A

propanolol; antihypertension

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2
Q

what does propanol help

A

decrease resistance; decrease workload; decrease cardiac output; decrease intraocular pressure-glaucoma

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3
Q

who should not receive propanolol

A

patients diagnosed with COPD/asthma (causes bronchoconstriction) or PVD (circulation is impaired)

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4
Q

what should the nurse watch out for while giving propanolol

A

bradycardia; exacerbates heart failure; don’t suddenly stop; BG; orthostatic hypotension (lowers BP); know overdose symptoms

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5
Q

which antihypertensive medication produces a cough

A

ACE inhibitor; captopril

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6
Q

what does captopril do

A

lowers BP, not HR; allows water and sodium in, let’s potassium out

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7
Q

side effects of captopril

A

coughing; hypokalemia

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8
Q

what should the patient not eat with captopril?

A

green vegetables

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9
Q

what medication should you not take with captopril

A

allopurinol

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10
Q

what drug is a mucolytic

A

acetylcysteine

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11
Q

what does acetylcysteine do

A

thins respiratory secretions

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12
Q

what does acetylcysteine treat

A

cystic fibrosis; acetaminophen overdose

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13
Q

how is acetylcysteine given

A

inhalation; for the overdose, IV or oral

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14
Q

what type of patient should you watch taking acetylcysteine

A

asthma because it can cause bronchospasms

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15
Q

what type of medication is pseudoephedrine

A

oral decongestant

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16
Q

what does pseudoephedrine do

A

shrinks nasal membrane by stimulating alpha-adrenergic receptors; promotes drainage in sinuses to improve air flow

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17
Q

what does pseudoephedrine cause

A

hypertension

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18
Q

what type of medication is albuterol

A

short-acting beta agonist bronchodilator

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19
Q

what does albuterol treat

A

acute attacks; bronchospasm r/t asthma, bronchitis

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20
Q

what does albuterol do

A

quickly reduce airway constriction and restore normal airflow

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21
Q

when is albuterol use

A

during hypotension and shock

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22
Q

what does albuterol cause

A

tremors, tachycardia, hypokalemia, CNS stimulation

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23
Q

what drug is an antihistamine

A

diphenhydramine

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24
Q

what does antihistamines do

A

reduce inflammation

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25
Q

how does antihistamines work to reduce inflammation

A

reduce swelling; reduced secretions; widened airway; decrease hives

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26
Q

what are the side effects of antihistamine

A

sleepiness; dry mouth; blurred vision; urinary retention (benign prostate hypertrophy)

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27
Q

what medication is a proton pump inhibitor

A

omeprazole

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28
Q

what does proton pump inhibitors treat

A

(also prevent) ulcers, GERD; if h. pylori with PPI and antibiotic

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29
Q

what does a proton pump inhibitor do

A

suppresses gastric acid production; blocks calcium absorption

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30
Q

what can a proton pump inhibitor cause

A

osteoporosis (bone fractures), c. diff, pneumonia

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31
Q

what are antidiarrheal drugs

A

bismuth subsalicylate and loperamide

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32
Q

what does bismuth subsalicylate treat

A

diarrhea, GERD, nausea

33
Q

what can bismuth subsalicylate cause

A

reye syndrome (rare failure of acute liver failure- DONT give to kids)

34
Q

what is a normal finding for a patient given bismuth subsalicylate

A

dark/black colored stool

35
Q

what type of drug gentamicin

A

aminoglycosides (antibiotic)

36
Q

what does gentamicin do

A

treat bacterial infections

37
Q

what should the nurse monitor with gentamicin

A

peak and trough to determine if an additional dose is needed

38
Q

symptoms of gentamicin

A

ototoxicity (hearing/balancing problems); nephrotoxicity (kidney damage)

39
Q

what type of drug is ciprofloxacin

A

fluoroquinolones (antibiotic)

40
Q

what is the special reaction to ciprofloxacin

A

tendonitis in older adults

41
Q

what can ciprofloxacin cause

A

tendonitis; photosensitivity (sunburn)

42
Q

what type of drug is sulfonamide

A

antibiotics

43
Q

what is a common medication for sulfonamide

A

trimethoprim

44
Q

what is the action of sulfonamide

A

block para-aminobenzoic acid to prevent the synthesis of folic acid in susceptible bacteria

45
Q

what does sulfonamide treat

A

infections caused by gram negative and positive bacteria

46
Q

what are symptoms of sulfonamide

A

allergy; crystalluria; photosensitivity; teratogenic

47
Q

what should the patient do while taking sulfonamide

A

stay well hydrated

48
Q

what is lispro

A

rapid-acting insulin (onset 5-15 minutes; peak 1-2 hours; duration 3-5 hours)

49
Q

what should the patient do after the injection

A

eat a meal

50
Q

what is insulin glargin

A

long acting (onset 1-2 hours; duration 24 hours; no peak)

51
Q

how frequent can insulin glargine be given

A

once daily, also twice every 12 hours

52
Q

what does insulin galrgine look like

A

clear. colorless solution

53
Q

what insulin can be taken through IV

A

regular

54
Q

what type of drug is levothyroxine

A

hypothyroidism

55
Q

action of levothyroxine

A

increase the metabolic rate of body tissues; increase oxygen consumption, respiration, and HR; the rate fat, protein, and carbohydrate metabolism; growth and maturation; increases thyroid levels

56
Q

what are some cautions of levothyroxine

A

thyrotoxicosis; acute myocardial infarction

57
Q

what are adverse effects of levothyroxine

A

skin reactions; symptoms of hyperthyroidism; cardiac stimulation; weight loss

58
Q

when should levothyroxine be taken

A

in the morning with an empty stomach

59
Q

why is carbidopa and levodopa mixed

A

carbidopa decreased the amount of levodopa needed to reach therapeutic level in the brain; the dosage of levodopa can be decreased, reducing adverse side effects

60
Q

what type of drug is benztropine

A

anticholinergic (parkinson’s)

61
Q

what does benztropine treat

A

extrapyramidal symptoms

62
Q

side effects of benztropine

A

Tachycardia, dysrhythmias, hyper- or hypotension, hepatic
dysfunction, pregnancy/lactation, hot environments

63
Q

drug-drug interactions with benztropine

A

other anticholinergic drugs and antipsychotics

64
Q

what type of drug is phenytoin

A

antiseizure- hydantoins

65
Q

what is the action of phenytoin

A

stabilize nerve membranes thoughout CNS by influencing ionic channels in cell membrane

66
Q

what does phenytoin cause

A

acute toxicity at high doses; gingival hyperplasia; CN VI damage; impaired balance; slurred speech

67
Q

why is phenytoin mixed with saline

A

it has a drug-drug interaction with alcohol

68
Q

what is the normal level of phenytoin

A

10-20

69
Q

why is oral care needed for phenytoin

A

to prevent gingival hyperplasia

70
Q

what type of drug is phenobarbital

A

antiseizure barbital (addictive)

71
Q

what does phenobarbital do

A

stabilize nerve membranes throughout the CNS directly by influencing ionic channels in the cell membrane

72
Q

adverse effects of phenobarbital

A

depression, confusion, drowsiness, lethargy, fatigue, constipation, dry mouth, anorexia, cardiac, arrhythmias, changes in BP, urinary retention, loss of libido, physical dependence and withdrawl

73
Q

what type of drug is valproic acid

A

anitseizure

74
Q

valproic acid action

A

reduces abnormal electrical activity in the brain

75
Q

valproic acid indication

A

increase GABA activity at inhibitory receptors

76
Q

what is the normal levels of valproic acid

A

50-100

77
Q

adverse effects of antibiotics

A

secondary infections, GI upset, NEPHROTOXICITY

78
Q

tetracycline

A

damage to teeth; gray colored teeth; take on an empty stomach

PHARM FINAL (7 decks)

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