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Pharm exam 3 > Medication Study > Flashcards

Medication Study Flashcards

1
Q
  1. Calcium carbonate
  2. Magnesium hydroxide
  3. Aluminum hydroxide
A

Antacids

Alkaline substances that neutralize acid (buffers it, does not eliminate acid)

**NO OTHER MEDS 1-2 HRS BEFORE OR AFTER ANtACIDS

  1. (high-neutralizing) Can lead to hypercalcemia
  2. Should not use in pts w/ renal dysfunction
  3. (low-neutralizing, long duration)- watch for combo with magnesium
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2
Q

Simethicone

A

Antiflatulent

Alters surface tension of gas bubbles.

example: mylicon drops for children

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3
Q
  1. Atropine
  2. Dicyclomine
  3. scopolamine
A

Anticholinergic Medications

Decrease motility. Block acetylcholine

Used for anti-spasmodic, pre-op, or bloating nausea

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4
Q
  1. Famotidine
  2. Cimetidine
  3. Nizatidine
A

H2 Histamine Blocker Medication
“tidine” Family

block H2 receptors and decrease acid release

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5
Q
  1. Pantoprazole
  2. esomeprazole
  3. lansoprazole
  4. omeprazole
A

Proton Pump Inhibitors
“prazole” Family

-Decreases hydrochloric acid (HCl) secretion (BLOCKS PROTON ACID PUMP)
-irreversible inhibition of H-K-ATPase- enzyme needed for acid production

-INTENDED FOR SHORT TERM USE ONLY
MASKS UNDERLYING ISSUE
-CASUES CONFUSION IN ELDERLY

Take 30 minutes before meals and do not chew or crush

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6
Q
  1. Sucralfate
  2. misoprostol
A

Mucosal Protectives

  1. forms a bandaid like gel inside stomach- MUST TAKE ON EPTY STOMACH
    DISSOLVE- DO NOT CRUSH
  2. Used in combo with NSAID or other GI irritants like prednisone- DO NOT GIVE TO PREGNANT WOMEN
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7
Q

What is the antibiotic Therapy for PUD?
(H. Pylori)

A
  1. bismuth (primary ingredient in Pepto Bismol)- coats stomach/temp relief
  2. PPI or H2 agonist- suppress acid
  3. TWO antibiotics from TWO different classes - (clarithromycin or amoxicillin, and tetracycline or doxycycline)- for infection
  4. metronidazole- to prevent superinfections (C. diff)
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8
Q

What receptors are responsible for nausea in the Chemo-receptor Trigger zone (CTZ)?

A
  1. 5-HT3- Serotonin 3
  2. DA2- Dopamine 2
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9
Q
  1. Dimenhydrinate
  2. Hydroxyzine
A

Antihistamines (H1) used as Antiemetic

inhibit vestibular stimulation (inner ear)

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10
Q
  1. ondansetron
  2. dolasetron
  3. granisetron
A

Serotonin or 5HT3 Blockers - “etron family”

Used to PREVENT nausea

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11
Q

Miscellaneous Antiemetics

A
  1. scopolamine (scop-patch)- APPLY BEHIND EAR 4 HRS BEFORE NEEDED
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12
Q
  1. Ipecac
  2. apomorphine
A

EMETICS - induce vomiting

NO LONGER RECOMMENDED- USE CHARCOAL TO ABSORD OVERDOSE

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13
Q

Bismuth

A

anti-diarrheal- locally acting

NO CHILDREN OR TEENS- REYE’S SYNDROME

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14
Q
  1. diphenoxylate/atropine
  2. loperamide (imodium)
  3. ocetreotide
A

Systemic Anti-diarrheal (meperidine derivative)

FDA MED WACH- ARRHYTHMIAS AND CARDIAC ARREST

  1. GH suppressor with GI action that suppresses serotonin
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15
Q
  1. linaclotide
  2. lubiprostone
A

Treat Constipation in IBS

ENCOURAGE FLUIDS

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16
Q
  1. Eluxadoline
A

Treat Diarrhea in IBS

CAUSES DROWSINESS AND DRUNKNESS

17
Q
  1. Bisacodyl
  2. Senna
A

Stimulant Laxatives

semi-fluid stool in 6-12 hrs

18
Q

Docusate

A

Stool Softener

1-3 days

19
Q

psyllium seed
methylcellulose

A

bulk forming- prevent constipation

MUST BE ABLE TO SWALLOW WELL

20
Q
  1. magnesium based- Milk of Magnesia®, magnesium citrate
  2. Sodium phosphate solutions
  3. polyethylene glycol (PEG) alone (MiraLAX®)
  4. PEG with electrolytes
  5. lactulose
A

Osmotic Laxatives

Sodium phosphate must watch renal function

works in 2-6 hours

21
Q
  1. Spironolactone
  2. neomycin
  3. lactulose
A

Liver disease

22
Q
  1. Ursodiol
  2. chenodiol
  3. cholestyramine
A

GALL STONES

PREVENTION IS LOWER CHOLESTEROL

23
Q

isotretinoin

A

topical vitamin A for severe acne

MISCARRIAGES AND BIRTH DEFECTS- two birth controls and negative preg test for every refill

Pharm exam 3 (6 decks)

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