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medication-related problems Flashcards

1
Q

any undesirable event experienced by a patient that involves or is suspected to involve drug therapy and actually or potentially interferes with a desired patient outcome

A

medication-related problems

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2
Q

all circumstances that involve a patient’s drug treatment that actually, or potentially, interfere with the achievement of optimal outcome

A

medication-related problems

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3
Q

why geriatric patients are at higher risk for medication-related problems?

A

polypharmacy

↑ no. of drugs = ↑ risk for medication-related problems

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4
Q

classification of mediation-related problems

A
  • dosing
  • ADR
  • drug interactions
  • non-adherence
  • medication errors
  • choice of drug
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5
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

medication-related problem is brought about by human errors

A

true

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6
Q

types of medication-related problems under “choice of drug”

A
  • need for additional drug
  • unnecessary drug
  • inappropriate drug choice
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7
Q

means not given reason for deviation from concordance between drug and diagnosis or indication or absolute or relative contraindication because of for example age or comorbidity

A

inappropriate drug choice

choice of drug

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8
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

deviations from guidelines that are based on the patient’s individual treatment goals and risk factors are not considered to be DRPs

A

true

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9
Q

any noxious, unintended, and undesired effect of a drug which occurs at doses in humans for prophylaxis, diagnosis or therapy (WHO)

A

adverse drug reactions

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10
Q

drug, chemical or food causing the interaction in a drug interaction

A

precipitant drug

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11
Q

drug affected by the interaction in a drug interaction

A

object drug

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12
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

all drug interactions are dangerous and not beneficial

A

false

some are beneficial; can increase effetivity

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13
Q

patients’ real drug use deviate from the doctor’s prescription with respect to type of drug, dose or scheme

A

noncompliance

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14
Q

any preventable event that may cause or lead to inappropriate medication use or patient harm while the medication is in the control of human

A

medication error

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15
Q

the single most preventable cause of patient harm

A

medication error

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16
Q

classification of medication errors

A
  • based on psychological approach
  • based on stage of medication cycle
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17
Q

can be related to any type of knowledge (general, specific, or expert)

A

knowledge-based errors

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18
Q

errors due to the** choice of the wrong rule** due to an erroneous perception of the situation, or omissions in the application of a rul

A

rule-based errors

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19
Q

defined as performance of an action that was not intended

A

action-based errors

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20
Q

IDENTIFY THE ERROR

  • slip of the pen, when a doctor intends to write diltiazem but writes diazepam
  • technical errors- addition to an infusion bottle of the wrong amount of drug
  • wrong dispensing
A

action-based errors

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21
Q

the most difficult medication error to prevent

A

memory-based errors

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22
Q

IDENTIFY THE ERROR

giving penicillin, knowing that the patient to be allergic, but forgetting

A

memory-based errors

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23
Q

how to prevent action-based errors?

A

training can help prevent technical errors

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24
Q

how to prevent memory-based errors?

A
  • putting in place systems that detect errors
  • checking lists and computerized systems
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25
Q

defined as the** incorrect drug selection** for a patient

A

prescribing errors

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26
Q

defined as the incorrect format of writing the generic and brand name of the drug in the prescription or medication order

A

prescription error

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27
Q

IDENTIFY THE PRESCRIPTION ORDER

no generic name written

A

violative

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28
Q

IDENTIFY THE PRESCRIPTION ORDER

the brand name precedes the generic name

A

erroneous

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29
Q

IDENTIFY THE PRESCRIPTION ORDER

the generic name does not match the brand name

A

impossible

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30
Q

it occur at any stage of the dispensing process, from the receipt of the prescription in the pharmacy to the supply of a dispensed medicine to the patient

A

dispensing errors

31
Q

most common cause of dispensing errors

A

S.A.L.A.D

32
Q

5R’s in medication

A
  1. right drug
  2. right patient
  3. right dose
  4. right route
  5. right time
33
Q

H.E.L.P meaning

A
  • How much has been dispensed
  • Expiry date check
  • Label check
  • Product check
34
Q

RA 6675

A

Generic Act of 1988

35
Q

RA 3720

A

Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act

36
Q

example of SALAD drugs

A
  • methylprednisolone = hydrocortisone
37
Q

drugs that bear a heightened risk of causing significant patient harm when they are used in error

A

high alet medicines

HAM

38
Q

although mistakes may or may not be more common with these drugs, the consequences of an error are clearly more devastating to patients

A

high alert medicines

HAM

39
Q

examples of HAM

A
  • A - antimicrobials
  • P - potassium and other electrolytes, psychotropic medications
  • I - insulin
  • N - narcotics, opiois, sedatives
  • C - chemotherapeutic agents
  • H - heparin, other coagulant
40
Q

CATEGORY OF ERRORS

no error, capacity to cause error

A

A

41
Q

CATEGORY OF ERRORS

error that did not reach the patient

A

B

42
Q

CATEGORY OF ERRORS

error that reach the patient but unlikely to cause harm (omissions considered to reach patient)

A

C

multivitamins was not ordered on
admission

43
Q

CATEGORY OF ERRORS

error that reached the patient & could have necessitated monitoring and or intervention to preclude harm

A

D

regular release metoprolol instead of extended-release

44
Q

CATEGORY OF ERRORS

error that could have caused temporary harm — needs treatment or intervention

A

E

inadvertently omitted antihypertensives

45
Q

CATEGORY OF ERRORS

error that could have cause temporary harm requiring initial prolonged hospitalization

A

F

anticoagulant ordered daily but taken every other day

46
Q

CATEGORY OF ERRORS

error that could have resulted into permanent harm

A

G

immunosupressant medication ordered at 1/4 dose

47
Q

CATEGORY OF ERRORS

error that could have necessitated intervention to sustain life

A

H

anticonvulsant inadvertently omitted

48
Q

CATEGORY OF ERRORS

error that could have resulted in death

A

I

beta blocker not re-ordered post-operatively

49
Q

allows the person who commits the error or the person who discover the error to report it without being associated with the error

A

anonymous self report

50
Q

this is the official written legal reports of a medication error as documented by the hospital staff

A

incident reports

51
Q

this results to underreporting of the errors due to punitive action that might occur due to the report

A

incident report

52
Q

involves in-depth analysis of a large number of individual errors or the purpose of identifying a common cause

A

critical incident techniques

53
Q

it involves an observer accompanying the person who will give the medication and witnessing the administration of each dose

A

disguised observations

54
Q

outlines in step by step process, the care the patient received and serves as a form of communication among health care providers, so that each practitioner involved knows what evaluation has occurred, what the plan for the patient’s treatment is, and who will provide it

A

documentation

55
Q

the most common and universally recognized format of documenting patient information

A

SOAP note

56
Q

obtained directly from patient given by the patient, family members or significant others or caregivers - typically cannot be directly measured

A

subjective

57
Q

measurable and not influenced by memory, emotions, or prejudice

A

objective

58
Q

outlines what the practitioner thinks the patient’s problem is, based upon the subjective and objective information acquired

A

assessment

59
Q

involves the action that needs to be taken to resolve any problems that have been identified

A

plan

60
Q

parameters that will be used to determine whether the desired therapeutic outcome is being achieved and to detect or prevent drug-related adverse event

A

plan

61
Q

an important component of plan to ensure that problems were actually corrected, future problems were avoided and drug therapy goals are met

A

follow-up

62
Q

clearly state the nature of the drug-related problem(s) — will include medical information both subjective and objective findings

A

findings

63
Q

this should reflect the actions proposed (or already performed) to resolve the drug-related problem based upon the preceding analysis

A

resolution

64
Q

FARM NOTE INDICATORS

can be measured to determine the impact of therapy and include reports of symptoms, laboratory values, and the results of quality-of-life assessments

A

patient factors

65
Q

FARM NOTE INDICATORS

describe the degree of improvement in patient variables that can reasonably be expected to result from the pharmacotherapy

A

progress factors

66
Q

FARM NOTE INDICATORS

the time frame in which the pharmacotherapy should have achieved the desired degree of improvement

A

time factors

67
Q

objective measures of a particular variable and include

A

quantitative assessments

68
Q

subjective determinations of change in a particular variable

A

qualitative assessments

69
Q

the practice of monitoring the effects of medical drugs after they have been licensed for use, especially in order to identify and evaluate previously unreported adverse reactions

A

pharmacovigilance

70
Q

defined as the science and activities relating to the detection, understanding, response and prevention of ADR (adverse drug reactions) and other medication-related problems- including AEFI (adverse events following immunization)

A

pharmacovigilance

71
Q

the person who has taken or been administered the product (age, gender, etc.) in compliance with local privacy laws

A

identifiable patient

72
Q

the source that reported the event (health care provider, patient, legal representative of the patient) in compliance with local privacy laws

A

identifiable reporter

73
Q

refers to activities in safety, efficacy, and quality monitoring of health products, including drug products — this shall also include among others adverse events reporting, product safety update reporting, collection and testing of health products in the market

A

post-marketing surveillance

PMS

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