medication prep Flashcards
trade name
brand or proprietary name, usually w/ a trademark
generic name
chemically descriptive drug name that is not protected by a trademark
chemical name
describes the constituents and their chemical configuration w/in the drug molecule
drugs can be classified by their therapeutic use or their actions
analgesics, anesthetics, anthelmintics, antibiotics, anticoagulants, anticonvulsants, antidiarrheals, antifungals, anti-inflammatories, antipruritics, antitussives, biologicals, cardiovascular drugs, cathartics, ceruminolytics, diuretics, hematinics, hormones, ophthalmics, otics, sedatives, tranquilizers
a written* prescription must include:
name, address, phone # of clinic
date prescription was written
owners name + address
species of animal
rx symbol on the paper
drug name, concentration, quantity dispensed
sig abbreviation w/ directions (1 tab PO BID for 7 days)
signature of prescriber
DEA number if controlled substance (+ DOB of owner and signed paper and log)
of refills
analgesics
pain - buprenorphine, hydromorphone, fentanyl, ketamine (some properties)
anesthetic
used for induction and maintenance (keeping an animal under anesthesia) - propofol
usually mixed with an anticonvulsant
antiemetics
anti-nausea
antibiotics
“against bacteria” ex: metronidazole, clavamox, baytril
anticoagulants
blood thinners - heparin
anticonvulsants
anti-seizure - phenobarbital (long term), kepra, diazapam, medazolam
antidiarrheals
metronidazole, pro-pectalin
antifungals
work against fungal infections; itraconazole, miconazole
anti-inflammatories
meloxicam
anti-pruritics
anti-itch; apoquel, cytopoint
antitussives
anti-cough; hydrocodone
biologicals
vaccines (distemper, parvo, lepto, influenza) (fvrcp, feline leukemia) +rabies
cardiovascular drugs
pimobendan, statins
cathartic
apomorphine (induce v), activated charcoal w/ sorbitol (charcoal coats and sorbitol pushes everything through)
ceruminolytics
ear cleaners, epiotics, trizEDTA
diuretics
pulls excess fluids out to make p urinate more; furosimide
hematinics
transfusion blood
hormones
given for things like FSH, addison’s/cushing’s, oxytocin for dystocia,
ophthalmics
eye meds; ofloxacin, optimmune, eye-lube, dexamethazone
otics
ear meds; posatex, oti-pack,
sedatives/tranquilizers
gabapentin, trazodone, ketamine (kinda/disassociative), butorphanol
on prescription label* (on bottle)
name/address/phone # of clinic
name/designation of prescriber
pet owner’s name
pet’s name
date rx was written
species of animal
animal identification (name or chart #)
drug name, concentration, quantity
directions (not abbreviated)
of refilles
needle disposal
- OSHA
- sharps container (scalpel blades, slides, capillary tubes, broken glass tubes, stylettes for catheters)
- either recap one hand or not at all, str8 2 sharps
needles
bigger the number, smaller the needle
25 gauge
good for giving vaxs, or if pulling from small animal (like 5lb chihuahua off saphenous), but butterfly will typically take place
22 gauge
most common, venous blood samples in cats and dogs, coag panel
20 gauge
6 cc needle, serum
18 gauge
common for large dogs, cattle, horses, swine - used with IV catheters
jamshidi needle
thick needle w/ cutting edge used to collect bone marrow biopsies
tru-cut
biopsy needle w/ trigger used for cutaneous or organ biopsy (via ultrasound)
specimen is cut, trapped, and withdrawn
illinois needle
(diff type of jamshidi) used for bone marrow aspiration not for core biopsies
needle anatomy
from point downward -> bevel, shaft, hub (slide 13)
needle hubs
regular leur, luer lock, eccentric leur, catheter, toomey type (slide 15)
syringe sizes
1 cc, 3 cc, 6 cc, 12 cc, 20 cc, 35 cc, 60 cc
use right size for the job
0.5-1 cc
typically for insulin/tuberculin syringes
3 cc
typical for vaccines
6 cc
typical for blood samples, fine needle aspirates
12 cc
cystocentesis, tracheal wash or bone-marrow aspirate samples
60 cc
common for thoracocentesis
vaccutainers
3 pieces: 2 way needles + cylindrical plastic holder + test tube w/ vacuum
drawing up meds
be sterile, prepared, and make sure drugs are compatible/drawn up in order/ safest drug drawn first
why always label syringes?
so you and others are aware and drugs aren’t mixed up
biological safety hood
for preparing chemotherapy drugs, pulls fumes out and away from you
indications for IV fluids
dehydration, hypovolemia (reduced intravascular volume), emergency (shock), diuresis (kidney disease or chemo), surgery (maintain BP)
IV fluids are calculated by
estimated the % dehydration, maintenance requirements, and ongoing losses (slide 23)
maintenance requirements are approx
60 ml/kg/day
dehydration range is
from <5% to 12-15%
shock dose is 60-90ml/kg/hr
60-90ml/kg/hr
where is ~2/3 of the total body water located?
in the cells
where is ~1/3 of the total body water located?
outside the cells
how much of body weight is intravascular fluid?
5%
dehydrated animals will display these symptoms
high skin turgor, increased CRT, dry mouth, sunken eyes, high blood cells (PCV) and serum protein, and high BUN
<5% dehydration
undetectable
5-6% dehydration
skin slightly doughy, inelastic consistency
6-8% dehydration
skin def inelastic, eyes slightly sunk
10-12% dehydration
increased skin turgor, eyes sunkin, prolonged CRT, dry mm
12-15% dehydration
shock and/or death
basic re-hydration formula
% dehydrated x kg x 10 = ml of fluid replacements
ex: 6 x 44kg x 10 = 2640mls
formula for percent solutions
[ desired strength / (available strength x amount to use) ] / amount to make
how would you prepare 100ml of a 5% dextrose solution from a 50% dextrose solution?
5%/50% = 0.1 —> 0.1 * 100ml = 10ml
crystalloid solutions
the fluid of choice for initial shock txt
electrolytes
sodium (+), potassium (+), calcium, chloride
most abundant extracellular electrolyte?
sodium
most abundant INTRAcellular electrolyte?
potassium
balanced crystalloid solutions
components of fluids are the same as in plasma (normosol-R and LRS)
unbalances crystalloid solutions
components of fluids are different than plasma (saline, dextrose)
hypotonic are more commonly used for?
maintenance fluids
isotonic are more commonly used for?
replacement fluids
replacement fluids
have the same concentration of electrolytes as the extracellular fluid, purpose is to replace fluid lost from dehydration, vomiting, or diarrhea
maintenance fluids
have less sodium and more potassium than replacement, used to diurese patients (toxicity and renal failure)
low pH
acidosis // LRS used to counteract
high pH
alkalosis // sodium chloride or normosol-r is used
drip rate formula
total volume divided by the time multiplied by the drops of the admin set
you’re asked to give a dog 1200mls of fluids during a 24hr period using a standard 15 drop/ml admin set
1200mls/1440 mins = 0.83 mls/min * 15 drops/ml
= 12.5 drops/min
normal saline is incompatible with
amphotericin B
LRS and calcium solutions are incompatible with
cephalothin
vitamin B/C is incompatible with
chloramphenicol
vitamin B/C, dextrose solutions and sodium bicarbonate are incompatible with
penicillin
colloids
fluids that increase BP (whole blood, plasma, vetastarch or dextrans)
gives the patient short-lived antibodies
vetastarch can make coagulopathies worse
