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2nd Semester > medication prep > Flashcards

medication prep Flashcards

1
Q

trade name

A

brand or proprietary name, usually w/ a trademark

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2
Q

generic name

A

chemically descriptive drug name that is not protected by a trademark

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3
Q

chemical name

A

describes the constituents and their chemical configuration w/in the drug molecule

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4
Q

drugs can be classified by their therapeutic use or their actions

A

analgesics, anesthetics, anthelmintics, antibiotics, anticoagulants, anticonvulsants, antidiarrheals, antifungals, anti-inflammatories, antipruritics, antitussives, biologicals, cardiovascular drugs, cathartics, ceruminolytics, diuretics, hematinics, hormones, ophthalmics, otics, sedatives, tranquilizers

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5
Q

a written* prescription must include:

A

name, address, phone # of clinic

date prescription was written

owners name + address

species of animal

rx symbol on the paper

drug name, concentration, quantity dispensed

sig abbreviation w/ directions (1 tab PO BID for 7 days)

signature of prescriber

DEA number if controlled substance (+ DOB of owner and signed paper and log)

of refills

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6
Q

analgesics

A

pain - buprenorphine, hydromorphone, fentanyl, ketamine (some properties)

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7
Q

anesthetic

A

used for induction and maintenance (keeping an animal under anesthesia) - propofol

usually mixed with an anticonvulsant

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8
Q

antiemetics

A

anti-nausea

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9
Q

antibiotics

A

“against bacteria” ex: metronidazole, clavamox, baytril

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10
Q

anticoagulants

A

blood thinners - heparin

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11
Q

anticonvulsants

A

anti-seizure - phenobarbital (long term), kepra, diazapam, medazolam

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12
Q

antidiarrheals

A

metronidazole, pro-pectalin

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13
Q

antifungals

A

work against fungal infections; itraconazole, miconazole

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14
Q

anti-inflammatories

A

meloxicam

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15
Q

anti-pruritics

A

anti-itch; apoquel, cytopoint

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16
Q

antitussives

A

anti-cough; hydrocodone

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17
Q

biologicals

A

vaccines (distemper, parvo, lepto, influenza) (fvrcp, feline leukemia) +rabies

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18
Q

cardiovascular drugs

A

pimobendan, statins

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19
Q

cathartic

A

apomorphine (induce v), activated charcoal w/ sorbitol (charcoal coats and sorbitol pushes everything through)

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20
Q

ceruminolytics

A

ear cleaners, epiotics, trizEDTA

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21
Q

diuretics

A

pulls excess fluids out to make p urinate more; furosimide

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22
Q

hematinics

A

transfusion blood

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23
Q

hormones

A

given for things like FSH, addison’s/cushing’s, oxytocin for dystocia,

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24
Q

ophthalmics

A

eye meds; ofloxacin, optimmune, eye-lube, dexamethazone

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25
Q

otics

A

ear meds; posatex, oti-pack,

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26
Q

sedatives/tranquilizers

A

gabapentin, trazodone, ketamine (kinda/disassociative), butorphanol

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27
Q

on prescription label* (on bottle)

A

name/address/phone # of clinic

name/designation of prescriber

pet owner’s name

pet’s name

date rx was written

species of animal

animal identification (name or chart #)

drug name, concentration, quantity

directions (not abbreviated)

of refilles

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28
Q

needle disposal

A
  • OSHA
  • sharps container (scalpel blades, slides, capillary tubes, broken glass tubes, stylettes for catheters)
  • either recap one hand or not at all, str8 2 sharps
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29
Q

needles

A

bigger the number, smaller the needle

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30
Q

25 gauge

A

good for giving vaxs, or if pulling from small animal (like 5lb chihuahua off saphenous), but butterfly will typically take place

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31
Q

22 gauge

A

most common, venous blood samples in cats and dogs, coag panel

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32
Q

20 gauge

A

6 cc needle, serum

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33
Q

18 gauge

A

common for large dogs, cattle, horses, swine - used with IV catheters

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34
Q

jamshidi needle

A

thick needle w/ cutting edge used to collect bone marrow biopsies

35
Q

tru-cut

A

biopsy needle w/ trigger used for cutaneous or organ biopsy (via ultrasound)
specimen is cut, trapped, and withdrawn

36
Q

illinois needle

A

(diff type of jamshidi) used for bone marrow aspiration not for core biopsies

37
Q

needle anatomy

A

from point downward -> bevel, shaft, hub (slide 13)

38
Q

needle hubs

A

regular leur, luer lock, eccentric leur, catheter, toomey type (slide 15)

39
Q

syringe sizes

A

1 cc, 3 cc, 6 cc, 12 cc, 20 cc, 35 cc, 60 cc

use right size for the job

40
Q

0.5-1 cc

A

typically for insulin/tuberculin syringes

41
Q

3 cc

A

typical for vaccines

42
Q

6 cc

A

typical for blood samples, fine needle aspirates

43
Q

12 cc

A

cystocentesis, tracheal wash or bone-marrow aspirate samples

44
Q

60 cc

A

common for thoracocentesis

45
Q

vaccutainers

A

3 pieces: 2 way needles + cylindrical plastic holder + test tube w/ vacuum

46
Q

drawing up meds

A

be sterile, prepared, and make sure drugs are compatible/drawn up in order/ safest drug drawn first

47
Q

why always label syringes?

A

so you and others are aware and drugs aren’t mixed up

48
Q

biological safety hood

A

for preparing chemotherapy drugs, pulls fumes out and away from you

49
Q

indications for IV fluids

A

dehydration, hypovolemia (reduced intravascular volume), emergency (shock), diuresis (kidney disease or chemo), surgery (maintain BP)

50
Q

IV fluids are calculated by

A

estimated the % dehydration, maintenance requirements, and ongoing losses (slide 23)

51
Q

maintenance requirements are approx

A

60 ml/kg/day

52
Q

dehydration range is

A

from <5% to 12-15%

53
Q

shock dose is 60-90ml/kg/hr

A

60-90ml/kg/hr

54
Q

where is ~2/3 of the total body water located?

A

in the cells

55
Q

where is ~1/3 of the total body water located?

A

outside the cells

56
Q

how much of body weight is intravascular fluid?

A

5%

57
Q

dehydrated animals will display these symptoms

A

high skin turgor, increased CRT, dry mouth, sunken eyes, high blood cells (PCV) and serum protein, and high BUN

58
Q

<5% dehydration

A

undetectable

59
Q

5-6% dehydration

A

skin slightly doughy, inelastic consistency

60
Q

6-8% dehydration

A

skin def inelastic, eyes slightly sunk

61
Q

10-12% dehydration

A

increased skin turgor, eyes sunkin, prolonged CRT, dry mm

62
Q

12-15% dehydration

A

shock and/or death

63
Q

basic re-hydration formula

A

% dehydrated x kg x 10 = ml of fluid replacements

ex: 6 x 44kg x 10 = 2640mls

64
Q

formula for percent solutions

A

[ desired strength / (available strength x amount to use) ] / amount to make

65
Q

how would you prepare 100ml of a 5% dextrose solution from a 50% dextrose solution?

A

5%/50% = 0.1 —> 0.1 * 100ml = 10ml

66
Q

crystalloid solutions

A

the fluid of choice for initial shock txt

67
Q

electrolytes

A

sodium (+), potassium (+), calcium, chloride

68
Q

most abundant extracellular electrolyte?

A

sodium

69
Q

most abundant INTRAcellular electrolyte?

A

potassium

70
Q

balanced crystalloid solutions

A

components of fluids are the same as in plasma (normosol-R and LRS)

71
Q

unbalances crystalloid solutions

A

components of fluids are different than plasma (saline, dextrose)

72
Q

hypotonic are more commonly used for?

A

maintenance fluids

73
Q

isotonic are more commonly used for?

A

replacement fluids

74
Q

replacement fluids

A

have the same concentration of electrolytes as the extracellular fluid, purpose is to replace fluid lost from dehydration, vomiting, or diarrhea

75
Q

maintenance fluids

A

have less sodium and more potassium than replacement, used to diurese patients (toxicity and renal failure)

76
Q

low pH

A

acidosis // LRS used to counteract

77
Q

high pH

A

alkalosis // sodium chloride or normosol-r is used

78
Q

drip rate formula

A

total volume divided by the time multiplied by the drops of the admin set

79
Q

you’re asked to give a dog 1200mls of fluids during a 24hr period using a standard 15 drop/ml admin set

A

1200mls/1440 mins = 0.83 mls/min * 15 drops/ml

= 12.5 drops/min

80
Q

normal saline is incompatible with

A

amphotericin B

81
Q

LRS and calcium solutions are incompatible with

A

cephalothin

82
Q

vitamin B/C is incompatible with

A

chloramphenicol

83
Q

vitamin B/C, dextrose solutions and sodium bicarbonate are incompatible with

A

penicillin

84
Q

colloids

A

fluids that increase BP (whole blood, plasma, vetastarch or dextrans)

gives the patient short-lived antibodies

vetastarch can make coagulopathies worse

2nd Semester (7 decks)

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