medication administration + sample collection

Question 1

routes of administration

Answer 1

intravenous, subcutaneous, intramuscular, intradermal, intranasal, intratracheal, intracardiac, intraosseous, topical ophthalmic, aural (ear), oral, transdermal, intrarectal, intramammary, intraperitoneal, inhalation

Question 2

oral preparations

Answer 2

tablets, capsules, liquids, suspensions, pastes, elixirs and syrups, nutritional, fluids

Question 3

contraindications for oral administration

Answer 3

dysphagia, dyspnea, vomiting, acute pancreatitis, head/neck trauma, gastric/intestinal surgery in the past 12-24 hrs

Question 4

administering liquid meds

Answer 4

place syringe in the commissure of the lips, aimed toward back of throat (not pocket of cheek) then deploy it with head elevated

Question 5

balling guns or dose syringes are used for

Answer 5

larger animals, typically cattle

Question 6

nasogastric tube

Answer 6

nares to stomach

Question 7

nasoeasophageal

Answer 7

nares to esophagus

Question 8

orogastric

Answer 8

mouth to stomach

Question 9

when administering liquid meds through a tube what do you make sure of?

Answer 9

that the liquids are warm, not too hot or cold

Question 10

surgical administration of liquid meds

Answer 10

pharyngostomy, esophagostomy, gastrostomy, jejunostomy

Question 11

pharyngostomy

Answer 11

pharynx to stomach

Question 12

esophagostomy

Answer 12

esophagus to stomach

Question 13

gastrostomy

Answer 13

into stomach

Question 14

jejunostomy

Answer 14

into small intestine

Question 15

intrarectal administration

Answer 15

suppositories, lower GI contrast material, enemas, valium, common for large animals

Question 16

topical

Answer 16

soaks, dips, creams, ointments

Question 17

dips

Answer 17

pyrethrins (flea dips)
lime-sulfur (ringworm, not common anymore)
amitraz (mites)
dilute chlorhex (skin infections

Question 18

cream

Answer 18

semi-solid emulsion of oil/fat and water used often in wound care (ex: silvadene, bactoderm)

Question 19

ointments

Answer 19

semi-solid greasy, insoluble in water, non-penetrating most suitable for dry chronic lesions (neosporin, desitin, furacin)

Question 20

dusting powders

Answer 20

contain antibacterial or antiparasitic elements (neopredef)

Question 21

transdermal

Answer 21

rare. ointment compounded w/ medications to be given as an alternative to oral administration. only methimazole and fentanyl have been studied. lasted longer than iv injections

Question 22

inhalation therapy

Answer 22

anesthesia, nebulization, inhaler

Question 23

avoid giving sq injections intrascapular for cats why?

Answer 23

there is a chance of vaccine-induced sarcomas, although it is rarer now than it was in the past

Question 24

FVRCP is recommended to be given where?

Answer 24

right front leg

Question 25

rabies is recommended to be given where?

Answer 25

right rear leg

Question 26

feline leukemia is recommended to be given where?

Answer 26

left rear leg

Question 27

IM injections are for?

Answer 27

small volumes of medication like antibiotics, adequan, injectable anesthetics and sedatives

Question 28

IV absorption rate

Answer 28

immediate

Question 29

IM absorption rate

Answer 29

~5-10 minutes

Question 30

SQ absorption rate

Answer 30

20-30 minutes

Question 31

IM injection sites

Answer 31

epaxial lumbar musculature, lateral to spinous processes, avoid in cachectic (skinny) patients

anterior thigh in the quadriceps musculature, lateral aspect of semimembranosus or semitendinosus muscles, direct needle caudally to avoid contact with sciatic nerve, use extreme caution

Question 32

whats very important to do before injecting an IM injection?

Answer 32

pull back (aspirate) to see if you hit a vessel

Question 33

more IM injection sites

Answer 33

canine: triceps
equine: lateral neck muscle

Question 34

intradermal injections

Answer 34

used to administer local anesthesia and for allergy testing

Question 35

intraperitoneal injections

Answer 35

provides faster but sustained absorption

usually given to neonates or animals too small to find a vein

not common

Question 36

intravenous administration

Answer 36

for poorly absorbed medications, for rapid onset, for drugs producing severe tissue reactions, for v or dyspneic animals

Question 37

IV collection sites

Answer 37

jugular (most common), cephalic, lateral saphenous, medial saphenous, femoral

Question 38

urine collection

Answer 38

cystocentesis, manual bladder expression, catheterization, voided (free-catch) collection

Question 39

free-catch urine samples

Answer 39

used for diabetic monitoring, rule out iatrogenic blood contamination, most common for large animals

Question 40

CMT - California Mastitis Test ***

Answer 40

milk from each quarter is directed into a quadrant of the device

detergent is added to produce a gel when a high # of WBCs are in milk