medication administration + sample collection Flashcards
routes of administration
intravenous, subcutaneous, intramuscular, intradermal, intranasal, intratracheal, intracardiac, intraosseous, topical ophthalmic, aural (ear), oral, transdermal, intrarectal, intramammary, intraperitoneal, inhalation
oral preparations
tablets, capsules, liquids, suspensions, pastes, elixirs and syrups, nutritional, fluids
contraindications for oral administration
dysphagia, dyspnea, vomiting, acute pancreatitis, head/neck trauma, gastric/intestinal surgery in the past 12-24 hrs
administering liquid meds
place syringe in the commissure of the lips, aimed toward back of throat (not pocket of cheek) then deploy it with head elevated
balling guns or dose syringes are used for
larger animals, typically cattle
nasogastric tube
nares to stomach
nasoeasophageal
nares to esophagus
orogastric
mouth to stomach
when administering liquid meds through a tube what do you make sure of?
that the liquids are warm, not too hot or cold
surgical administration of liquid meds
pharyngostomy, esophagostomy, gastrostomy, jejunostomy
pharyngostomy
pharynx to stomach
esophagostomy
esophagus to stomach
gastrostomy
into stomach
jejunostomy
into small intestine
intrarectal administration
suppositories, lower GI contrast material, enemas, valium, common for large animals
topical
soaks, dips, creams, ointments
dips
pyrethrins (flea dips)
lime-sulfur (ringworm, not common anymore)
amitraz (mites)
dilute chlorhex (skin infections
cream
semi-solid emulsion of oil/fat and water used often in wound care (ex: silvadene, bactoderm)
ointments
semi-solid greasy, insoluble in water, non-penetrating most suitable for dry chronic lesions (neosporin, desitin, furacin)
dusting powders
contain antibacterial or antiparasitic elements (neopredef)
transdermal
rare. ointment compounded w/ medications to be given as an alternative to oral administration. only methimazole and fentanyl have been studied. lasted longer than iv injections
inhalation therapy
anesthesia, nebulization, inhaler
avoid giving sq injections intrascapular for cats why?
there is a chance of vaccine-induced sarcomas, although it is rarer now than it was in the past
FVRCP is recommended to be given where?
right front leg
rabies is recommended to be given where?
right rear leg
feline leukemia is recommended to be given where?
left rear leg
IM injections are for?
small volumes of medication like antibiotics, adequan, injectable anesthetics and sedatives
IV absorption rate
immediate
IM absorption rate
~5-10 minutes
SQ absorption rate
20-30 minutes
IM injection sites
epaxial lumbar musculature, lateral to spinous processes, avoid in cachectic (skinny) patients
anterior thigh in the quadriceps musculature, lateral aspect of semimembranosus or semitendinosus muscles, direct needle caudally to avoid contact with sciatic nerve, use extreme caution
whats very important to do before injecting an IM injection?
pull back (aspirate) to see if you hit a vessel
more IM injection sites
canine: triceps
equine: lateral neck muscle
intradermal injections
used to administer local anesthesia and for allergy testing
intraperitoneal injections
provides faster but sustained absorption
usually given to neonates or animals too small to find a vein
not common
intravenous administration
for poorly absorbed medications, for rapid onset, for drugs producing severe tissue reactions, for v or dyspneic animals
IV collection sites
jugular (most common), cephalic, lateral saphenous, medial saphenous, femoral
urine collection
cystocentesis, manual bladder expression, catheterization, voided (free-catch) collection
free-catch urine samples
used for diabetic monitoring, rule out iatrogenic blood contamination, most common for large animals
CMT - California Mastitis Test ***
milk from each quarter is directed into a quadrant of the device
detergent is added to produce a gel when a high # of WBCs are in milk
