Medication IV Guide Flashcards
Adenosine (Adenocard)
Action?
Adenosine (Adenocard)
Action:
- Acts on AV node to slow conduction. May inhibit reentry pathways.
Adenosine (Adenovard)
Classification?
Adenosine (Adenocard)
Classification
ANTIARRHYTHMIC
Adenosine (Adenocard)
Onset of Action
Duration of Action
Adenosine (Adenocard)
Onset of Action: Immediate
Duration of Action: Less than 1 minute
Adenosine (Adenocard)
Indication
Adenosine (Adenocard)
Indication:
- Conversion of Paroxysmal SVT to Sinus Rhythm
- Wolff-Parkinson White Syndrome with Narrow QRS complex
* ineffective w/ a-fib, a-flutter, ventricular tachycardia.
Adenosine (Adenocard)
Contraindications
Adenosine (Adenocard)
Contraindications
- 2nd and 3rd degree heart blocks, Sick Sinus Syndrome, unless patient has a pacemaker.
- Hypersensitivity to Adenosine
Adenosine (Adenocard)
Use with Caution
- May produce transient 1st,2nd,3rd degree blocks or Asystole for 10-15sec
- Asystolic pause may be longer in patients on Tegretol or Persantine
- Pt on theophyllines or caffeine may require higher dose
- PT w/Asthma poss bronchoconstrict
- May use w/ Wide QRS Complex SVT w/ base direct; may accelerate the rate
Adenosine (Adenocard)
Dosage and Administration
Dosage and Administration
- Adult 6mg by RAPID IV Push. No response 1-2min; give 12mg. Push fast as poss follow w/ NS bolus of 20ml, then elevate the extremity.
- PED- 0.1mg/kg up to 6mg;no response 1-2min; 0.2mg/kg up to 12mg
- Place IV in AC ; use min 18g cath
Adenosine (Adenocard)
Adverse Reactions
Adenosine (Adenocard)
1. Common but transient: Asystole, bradycardia(temp), hypotension, chest px, flushing, dyspnea, apprehension, back/neck px, blurred vision, burning sensation, dizziness, numbness, tingling in arms, sweating, palpitations, nausea
Amiodarone (Cordarone)
Classification
Amiodarone (Cordarone)
Classification:
Antiarrhythmic
Amiodarone (Cordarone)
Action
Amiodarone (Cordarone)
Action:
Rate control in a variety of atrial and ventricular tachyarrhythmias
Amiodarone (Cordarone)
Onset of Action
Duration of Action
Amiodarone (Cordarone)
Onset of Action: Immediate
Duration of Action: 40 days
Amiodarone (Cordarone)
Indication
- Shock refractory VF/pulseless VT.
- Polymorphic VT/wide complex tachycardia of uncertain origin.
- Control of hemodynamically stable VT when cardioversion is unsuccessful.
- Acceptable for termination of ectopic/multifocal atrial tach w/ preserved LV function.
- Used for rate control in tx of afib or flutter when other therapies ineffective.
Amiodarone (Cordarone)
Contraindications?
Amiodarone (Cordarone)
Contraindications:
1. Hypersensitivity to Cordarone.
2. Pt w/ cardiogenic shock, marked sinus bradycardia, 2nd or 3rd degree AV block unless a pacemaker is available.
Amiodarone (Cordarone)
Use with Caution?
Amiodarone(Cordarone) Use w/Caution
- May produce vasodilation and hypotension.
- May have neg inotropic effects and prolong QT interval.
- Renal failure, terminal elongation is long (half-life lasts up to 40 days)
Amiodarone (Cordarone)
Dosage and Administration?
Amiodarone (Cordarone) dosage/admin
- Cardiac arrest
a. 300mg IV/IO push; consider repeating 150mg in 3-5 minutes.
b. Max dose: 2.2gm IV/IO in 24 hours
c. PED: 5mg/kg IV/IO push; up to 300mg; may repeat to total daily dose of 15mg/kg. - Wide complex tachycardia
a. Rapid infusion 150mg IV/ IO over 10 min; may repeat every 10 min prn.
Amiodarone (Cordarone)
Adverse Reactions
Amiodarone (Cordarone)
Adverse Reaction:
1. Vasodilation, Hypotension, Bradycardia
Aspirin (chewable)
Classification?
Aspirin (chewable)
Classification:
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAID)
Aspirin (Chewable)
Action?
Aspirin (Chewable)
Action:
1. Inhibits platelet aggregation in patients w/ suspected acute MI.
Aspirin (Chewable)
Onset of Action?
Duration of Action?
Aspirin (Chewable)
Onset of Action: 5-30 minutes
Duration of Action: decreasing by 1/7 over 7days
Aspirin (Chewable)
Indication?
Aspirin (Chewable)
Indication:
Suspected ischemic chest pain
Aspirin (Chewable)
Contraindications:
Aspirin (Chewable) Contraindications:
- Pt w/ known allergy to salicylates.
- Pt w/ active ulcer disease
- Pt w/ Asthma
- Possible hemorrhagic stroke
Aspirin (Chewable)
Use with Caution?
Aspirin (Chewable)
Use with Caution:
- Patients taking anti-coagulants.
Aspirin (Chewable)
Dosage and Administration?
Aspirin(Chewable) Dosage and Admin:
- Adult: 162mg, or if not already taking ASA then give 325mg (chewing preferable). Assure aspirin is non-enteric coated.
- PED: Contact Mary Bridge
Aspirin (Chewable)
Adverse Reaction?
Aspirin (Chewable)
Adverse Reaction:
- None in the non-allergic patient with prescribed field dosage.
Atropine
Classification?
Atropine
Classification:
Parasympathetic blocker; Anticholinergic.
Atropine
Action?
- Cardiac
a. Increases firing rate of SA node by blocking action of the vagus nerve, which increases pulse rate
b. Increases conduction velocity through the AV node - Non-Cardiac
a. Decrease of all body secretions
b. Dilation of pupils/paralysis ciliary muscle
c. Decrease in bladder tone resulting in urinary retention
d. CNS stimulation
Atropine
Onset of Action?
Duration of Action?
Atropine
Onset of Action: Immediate
Duration of Action: 4 hours
Atropine
Indication?
- Cardiac rhythms t work.
- Organophosphate anticholinesterase poisoning.
- Nerve agent poisoning
- Preintubation in Peds RSI
Atropine
Contraindications?
Atropine Contraindications:
- Atrial fibrillation, flutter
- Heart rate >60
- Bradycardia secondary to increased ICP (I.e. Stroke, head trauma).
Atropine
Use with Caution?
Atropine Use with Caution:
- Do not mix with Sodium Bicarbonate
- Be certain patient w/ bradycardia is not hypoxia or head injured in origin.
Atropine
Dosage and Administration-Adult
For Bradycardia?
- Bradycardia
a. 0.5mg IV, every 3-5min prn, not to exceed total dose of 0.04mg/kg
b. Use shorter dosing intervals (3min ) & higher doses in severe clinical conditions
c. ET: 1 mg diluted in 10mL NS
Atropine
Dosage and Administration- Pediatric
For Bradycardia?
d. Pediatric: 0.02mg/kg
i. Minimum single dose: 0.1mg
ii. Max child single dose 0.5mg, max child total dose 1.0 mg
iii. Max adolescent single dose: 1mg, Max adolescent total dose 2 mg
iv. May double for 2nd IV dose
v. ET: 0.05mg/kg diluted in 5ml NS
Atropine
Dose and Administration - Adult
Anticholinesterase/organophosphate/nerve agent poisoning?
a. Adult: 1mg IV every 1 min until symptoms(bradycardia, bronchial secretions, etc.) clear up, up to 10 mg
b. If using the DuoDote/Mark I antidote kit, give one atropine injector(2mg) into the thigh followed w/ 2-PAM chloride injection. May give up to three sets.
Atropine
Dosage and Administration - Pediatric
Anticholinesterase/organophosphate/nerve agent poisoning?
And RSI?
c. Pediatrics: 12 YO follow adult dosing.
RSI-Pediatric: 0.02mg/kg (minimum dose 0.1mg, max dose 0.5mg).
Atropine
Adverse Reactions
Atropine - Adverse Reactions:
- Cardiac: tachycardia, palpitations, ventricular fibrillations
- Non-Cardiac: dryness of Mouth (common), pain in eyes or blurred vision(precipitates glaucoma), restlessness, irritability, changes in mental state, injection site pain.
Diazepam (Valium)
Classification?
Diazepam (Valium)
Classification:
1. Anticonvulsant, anti-anxiety, sedative.
Diazepam (Valium)
Action?
Diazepam (Valium) - Action:
- Depresses Central Nervous System
Diazepam (Valium)
Onset of Action?
Duration of Action?
Diazepam (Valium)
Onset of Action: 1-5 min, peak actions at 5 - 10 minutes
Duration of Action: 15-60 minutes
Diazepam (Valium)
Indication?
- Seizures secondary to head trauma/alcohol withdrawal
- Status epilepticus
- Prior to pacing, cardioversion, and RSI for relief of anxiety, tension, and diminish recall of procedures.
- Envenomations resulting in muscle spasm
- Severe Anxiety
Diazepam (Valium)
Contraindications?
Diazepam (Valium) - Contraindications
- Known hypersensitivity
- Patients that have used other CNS depressant.
Diazepam (Valium)
Use with Caution?
Diazepam (Valium) Use w/ Caution:
- Elderly
- PTs with inadequate pulmonary function
- PTs w/ liver and/or kidney disease
- PTs w/ hx of drug addiction
Diazepam (Valium)
Dosage and Administration?
Diazepam (Valium)
1. Adult: 2-10mg IV/IO/IM, refer to dosage regimen referenced in appropriate protocol section
2. Pediatric: 0.2 mg/kg IV/IO in increments no greater than 2mg to a max dose of 10mg. Wait 1-2 min between doses to observe effect.
Rectally, 0.5 mg/kg to a max dose of 20mg. Wait at least 5 min between doses. Contact Mary Bridge for repeat dose
Diazepam ( Valium)
Adverse reactions:
- Central Nervous System depression, ataxia, drowsiness, fatigue, dizziness, urticaria, skin rash, transient hypotension, respiratory depression.
- Venous thrombosis and phlebitis at injection site
Etomidate (Amidate)
Classification?
Etomidate (Amidate) Classification-
- Non-narcotic, non-barbiturate, sedative hypnotic
Etomidate (Amidate)
Action?
Etomidate (Amidate) Action-
1. Depresses the activity of the brain stem reticular system. It may lower intraocular and intracranial pressure, and lower the rate of cerebral oxygen utilization, all w/ minimal cardiovascular and respiratory depressant effects.
Etomidate (Amidate)
Onset of Action?
Duration of Action?
Etomidate (Amidate)
Onset of Action: within 10-60 seconds
Duration of Action: Dose dependent but can be 3-5 minutes with full recovery in 15 minutes.
Etomidate (Amidate)
Indication?
Etomidate (Amidate) - Indication
- Induction agent for RSI in adults and pediatric patients > 10 years old.
- Sedation prior to cardioversion.
Etomidate (Amidate)
Contraindications?
Etomidate (Amidate)-Contraindications
- Known hypersensitivity to the agent.
- Not recommended for pregnant or nursing mothers
Etomidate (Amidate)
Use with Caution
Etomidate (Amidate) Use w/ Caution
- While adrenal suppression has not been reported after a single dose, solumedrol 125mg should be considered for administration on patients on prednisone.
Etomidate (Amidate)
Dosage and Administration
Etomidate (Amidate)
- Adult: 0.3mg/kg IV/IO push over 30-60 seconds
- PED: Contact Mary Bridge. 0.3mg/kg IV/IO push over 30-60 seconds
Etomidate (Amidate)
Adverse reactions
- Painful myoclonus (diffuse muscle contraction) which may be painful after Pt awakens. This can be reduced by giving muscle relaxant immediately after Etomidate is given.
- Pain at the injection site, moderated by using a large vessel and giving with IV fluid
- Apnea, Hypotension, Tachycardia, Nausea, and Vomiting.
Fentanyl (Sublimaze)
Classification?
Fentanyl (Sublimaze)
Classification:
- Narcotic Analgesic
Fentanyl (Sublimaze)
Action?
Fentanyl (Sublimaze) - Action:
- Potent analgesic, sedative, euphoric
Fentanyl (Sublimaze)
Onset of Action?
Duration of Action?
Fentanyl (Sublimaze)
Onset of Action:
1. 1 minute IV
2. 7-8 minutes IM
Duration of Action:
- 30-60 minutes IV
- 1-2 hours IM
Fentanyl (Sublimaze)
Indication?
Fentanyl (Sublimaze) - Indication:
- Severe pain
- Acute low back pain with muscle spasm.
Fentanyl (Sublimaze)
Contraindications?
Fentanyl (Sublimaze) Contraindications
- Known hypersensitivity
- Head trauma with increased ICP
- Altered state of consciousness
- Severe liver or renal insufficiencies.
Fentanyl (Sublimaze)
Use with Caution?
Fentanyl (Sublimaze) Use w/ Caution
- Bradycardia
- Respiratory Depression
Fentanyl (Sublimaze)
Dosage and Administration?
- Adults
Traumatic: 50mcg IV/IO or 50-100mcg IN, every 5-10 min to max dose of 200mcg if BP>100/S
Cardiac: 25mcg IV/IO or 50mcg IN every 2-3 minutes up to 100mcg if BP>100/S
PEDS: 1-2mcg/kg IV/IO/IN/IM
Fentanyl (Sublimaze)
Adverse reactions?
Fentanyl (Sublimaze)
- Hypotension
- Bradycardia
- CNS depression
- Nausea and Vomiting
- Respiratory depression
- Chest wall rigidity.
Lidocaine 2% (Drips are Optional)
Dosage for RSI?
Lidocaine 2% (Drips are Optional)
Dosage for RSI:
For reactive airway or Increased ICP prophylaxis: 1.5mg/kg
PED: 1mg/kg IV/IO, or 2-3mg/kg in 5ml NS ET
Furosemide
Classification
Furosemide
Non potassium sparing loop diuretic
Furosemide
Mechanism of Action
Mechanism of action
Blocks the absorption of sodium and chloride at the distal and proximal tubules and the loop of Henle, causing increased urine output. Also reduces. Ardis. Preload by increasing venous capacitance.
Furosemide
Dosage and Administration
40-80mg (or double the pt’s dose up to 100mg) slowly
Can be dosed at 0.5-1.0mg/kg
Peds: 2mg/kg
Furosemide
Onset and Duration
Onset: 5 min for preload reduction,
30 minutes for diuresis
Duration: 2 hours
Furosemide
Contraindications
Contraindications
Dehydration
Hypovolemia
Hypokalemia
Hepatic Coma
Morphine Sulfate
Classification
Classification:
Narcotic analgesic
Morphine Sulfate
Indication
Indication:
1) severe pain i.e. Myocardial infarct, burns, isolated extremity injuries. ABD pain
2) adjunct in treating pulmonary edema
Morphine Sulfate
Dosage and administration
Dosage
Adults: give in 2mg increments every 2min up to 10mg slow IVP if systolic >100, to testing to pain relief. Can give I’m/IV for severe pain. IO only if reason appropriate.
Morphine
Onset and duration
Onset
1) 5 min IV
2) 10-30 min IM
Duration
IV/IM 4-5 hours
Morphine Sulfate
Contraindications
1) known hypersensitivity
2) head trauma
3) altered states of consciousness
4) systolic BP <100
Fentanyl (Sublimaze)
Classification
Fentanyl (Sublimaze)
Narcotic analgesic
Fentanyl (Sublimaze)
Mechanism of action
Potent analgesic, sedative, euphoric
Binds to opiate receptors as an agonist to alter PTs perception of pain.
Fentanyl (Sublimaze)
Indications
Indications
1) severe pain
2) acute low back pain w/spasm
3) analgesia
4) pulmonary edema
5) acute MI
Fentanyl (Sublimaze)
Dosage and Administration
Adult
Traumatic Emerg: 50mcg IV/IO or 50-100mcg IN, every 5-10min to a max dose of 200mcg if BP >100/S
Cardiac Emerg: 25mcg IV/IO or 50mcg IN every 2-3 minutes up to 100mcg if BP >100/S
Pediatric 1-2mcg/kg IV/IO/IN/IM
Fentanyl (Sublimaze)
Onset and Duration
Onset:
1) one minute IV
2) 7-8min IM
Duration:
30-60 min IV
1-2 hours IM
Fentanyl (Sublimaze)
Contraindications
1) known hypersensitivity
2) head trauma w/ increased ICP
3) altered state of consciousness
4) sever liver or renal insufficiencies