Handout Questions-Pharm (Rio) Flashcards
“Fight or Flight” refers to what branch of the Autonomic Nervous System?
Sympathetic Nervous System
True or False?
The Central Nervous System involves the brain and the spinal cord, the peripheral nervous system is composed of all nervous tissue outside the CNS.
True
The Autonomic Nervous System is divided into two branches. Name the two.
- Sympathetic NS
* Parasympathetic NS
The Peripheral Nervous System is divided into what two branches?
- Somatic Nervous System
* Autonomic Nervous System
“Feed and Breed” refers to what branch of the Autonomic Nervous System?
Parasympathetic Nervous System
The Somatic Nervous system controls _____ ________ functions.
Voluntary “motor”
5 classes of medications that affect the Central Nervous System
- Analgesics
- Antianxiety/Sedative Hypnotics
- Anti seizure
- Stimulants
- Psychotherapy
Examples of Analgesic agonists that affect the Central Nervous System
- Opioid-morphine sulfate
* Nonopioid-ASA(aspirin),NSAIDS, acetaminophen(Tylenol)
Examples of Antianxiety/Sedative Hypnotics that affect the Central Nervous System
- Benzodiazepines (stimulates GABA)
- Barbiturates (mimic GABA, less safe)
- Alcohol
Examples of Stimulants that affect the Central Nervous System
- Amphetamine (Dexedrine)
- Methylphenidates(Ritalin for ADHD)
- Methylxanthines (caffeine, aminophyline, theophylline)
Two types of Psychotherapeutic meds (affecting the CNS) used to treat Schizophrenia
- Phenothiazines (Thorazine)
- Butyrophenone (Haldol)
Side effects: EPS, orthostatic hypotension(a1 recep block), sexual dysfunction
Anticholinergics to treat side effects
Two types of medications affecting the Parasympathetic Nervous system.
- Cholinergic (2 types)
* Anticholinergic
Two types of Cholinergic medications
- Direct (simulates effects of ACh; e.g. Pilocarpine)
* Indirect (inhibits acetylcholinesterase, e.g. VX, sarin, organic phosphates)
Stimulants such as amphetamines, Methylphenidates, and methylxanthines act by increasing the release of ___________.
Norepinephrine.
Name an antagonist chemical to opioid analgesics (e.g. morphine).
Naloxone (Narcan)
A Antianxiety/Sedative hypnotic medication group that stimulates GABA rather than mimicking it, thus making it “safer” is ___________.
Benzodiazepines.
The Antianxiety/Sedative hypnotic group, known as _____________, are less safe because they mimic GABA at the receptor sites.
Barbiturates.
For Petit mal seizures the best two medications are: A) Tegretol and Dilantin B) valproic acid and ethoxsuximide C) Dilantin and barbiturates D) valproic acid and Dilantin
B) valproic acid and ethoxsuximide
Also known as Depakote and Zarontin
The disease that sees a destruction of dopamine-producing cells, a acetylcholine and dopamine imbalance, and the use of sinemet (Carbidopa/Levodopa) to increase brain dopamine levels is:
Parkinson’s disease
Name the two parasympathetic nervous systems Cholinergic receptors.
- Nicotinic
* Muscarinic
In the parasympathetic nervous system, what neurotransmitter is used in both the pre- and post-ganglion synapses?
Acetylcholine
In the sympathetic nervous system, what neurotransmitter is seen in the
a) pre-ganglionic synapse?
b) post-ganglionic synapse?
A) acetylcholine in the pre-ganglionic
B) norepinephrine in the post-ganglion
Receptors named for their observed response to nicotine.
Nicotinic
Receptors named for their observed response with muscarine, a water-soluble toxin derived from a mushroom. These receptors can be blocked by atropine.
Muscarinic receptors
A disease in which the destruction of Nicotinic M receptors results in a generalized weakness. It is an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies form against acetylcholine nicotinic post synaptic receptors at the neuromuscular junction of skeletal muscles.
Myasthenia gravis
A drug, neostigmine, used to treat myasthenia gravis, binds acetylcholinesterase at the Muscarinic receptors, causes SLUDGE and is what type of Cholinergic drug?
Indirect-acting Cholinergic drug
Pilocarpine, used to treat glaucoma, simulates the effects of acetylcholine and is what type of Cholinergic drug?
Direct-acting Cholinergic drug
Cholinergic poisoning by VX, sarin (nerve agents), and organophosphates results in_________?
SLUDGE syndrome
The mnemonic “SLUDGE” describes the effects of certain drugs and Cholinergic poisoning and stands for_____?
S-salivation L-lacrimation U-urination D-defecation G-GI upset E-emesis
Describe three effects of beta 2 stimulation
- Bronchodilation
- Insulin secretion
- Uterine relaxation
- Arterial dilation in certain key organs
(Vasodilation)
Describe at least effect of dopaminergic receptor stimulation.
- Dilation of renal arteries
- Dilation of coronary arteries
- Dilation of cerebral arteries
Which of the following is not an example of a Central Nervous System Stimulant in the methylxanthine class? A) caffeine B) amphetamine (Dexedrine) C) aminophyline D) theophylline
B) amphetamine (Dexedrine)
Examples of antidepressants include all of the following except:
A) TCAs -imipramine and desipramine
B) SSRIs - Prozac, Zoloft, and Paxil
C) MAOIs - Nardil
D) Phenothiazines and butyrophenones
(Thorazine and haloperidol)D) Phenothiazines and butyrophenones
(Thorazine and haloperidol)
NOTE: These drugs are CNS Psychotherapeutic meds bit are used to treat schizophrenia not depression.
“Hot as Hell” (hyperthermia), “Blind as a Bat” (blurred vision), “Dry as a Bone” (anhidrosis), “Red as a Beet”, “Mad as a Hatter” refer to the effects of what class of drugs affecting the parasympathetic nervous system?
Anticholinergics
Which of the following is NOT true of Succinylcholine (Anectine)?
A) it’s a depolarizing blocking agent
B) it’s a non depolarizing agent
C)use caution/not at all with poss hyperkalemia or massive trauma
D) binds to Nicotinic M;useful paralytic
B) it’s a non polarizing neuromuscular blocking agent
