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Pharmacology > Handout Questions-Pharm (Rio) > Flashcards

Handout Questions-Pharm (Rio) Flashcards

0
Q

“Fight or Flight” refers to what branch of the Autonomic Nervous System?

A

Sympathetic Nervous System

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1
Q

True or False?
The Central Nervous System involves the brain and the spinal cord, the peripheral nervous system is composed of all nervous tissue outside the CNS.

A

True

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2
Q

The Autonomic Nervous System is divided into two branches. Name the two.

A
  • Sympathetic NS

* Parasympathetic NS

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3
Q

The Peripheral Nervous System is divided into what two branches?

A
  • Somatic Nervous System

* Autonomic Nervous System

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4
Q

“Feed and Breed” refers to what branch of the Autonomic Nervous System?

A

Parasympathetic Nervous System

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5
Q

The Somatic Nervous system controls _____ ________ functions.

A

Voluntary “motor”

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6
Q

5 classes of medications that affect the Central Nervous System

A
  • Analgesics
  • Antianxiety/Sedative Hypnotics
  • Anti seizure
  • Stimulants
  • Psychotherapy
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7
Q

Examples of Analgesic agonists that affect the Central Nervous System

A
  • Opioid-morphine sulfate

* Nonopioid-ASA(aspirin),NSAIDS, acetaminophen(Tylenol)

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8
Q

Examples of Antianxiety/Sedative Hypnotics that affect the Central Nervous System

A
  • Benzodiazepines (stimulates GABA)
  • Barbiturates (mimic GABA, less safe)
  • Alcohol
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9
Q

Examples of Stimulants that affect the Central Nervous System

A
  • Amphetamine (Dexedrine)
  • Methylphenidates(Ritalin for ADHD)
  • Methylxanthines (caffeine, aminophyline, theophylline)
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10
Q

Two types of Psychotherapeutic meds (affecting the CNS) used to treat Schizophrenia

A
  • Phenothiazines (Thorazine)
  • Butyrophenone (Haldol)

Side effects: EPS, orthostatic hypotension(a1 recep block), sexual dysfunction
Anticholinergics to treat side effects

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11
Q

Two types of medications affecting the Parasympathetic Nervous system.

A
  • Cholinergic (2 types)

* Anticholinergic

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12
Q

Two types of Cholinergic medications

A
  • Direct (simulates effects of ACh; e.g. Pilocarpine)

* Indirect (inhibits acetylcholinesterase, e.g. VX, sarin, organic phosphates)

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13
Q

Stimulants such as amphetamines, Methylphenidates, and methylxanthines act by increasing the release of ___________.

A

Norepinephrine.

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14
Q

Name an antagonist chemical to opioid analgesics (e.g. morphine).

A

Naloxone (Narcan)

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15
Q

A Antianxiety/Sedative hypnotic medication group that stimulates GABA rather than mimicking it, thus making it “safer” is ___________.

A

Benzodiazepines.

16
Q

The Antianxiety/Sedative hypnotic group, known as _____________, are less safe because they mimic GABA at the receptor sites.

A

Barbiturates.

17
Q 
For Petit mal seizures the best two medications are:
A) Tegretol and Dilantin
B) valproic acid and ethoxsuximide
C) Dilantin and barbiturates
D) valproic acid and Dilantin
A

B) valproic acid and ethoxsuximide

Also known as Depakote and Zarontin

18
Q

The disease that sees a destruction of dopamine-producing cells, a acetylcholine and dopamine imbalance, and the use of sinemet (Carbidopa/Levodopa) to increase brain dopamine levels is:

A

Parkinson’s disease

19
Q

Name the two parasympathetic nervous systems Cholinergic receptors.

A
  • Nicotinic

* Muscarinic

20
Q

In the parasympathetic nervous system, what neurotransmitter is used in both the pre- and post-ganglion synapses?

A

Acetylcholine

21
Q

In the sympathetic nervous system, what neurotransmitter is seen in the

a) pre-ganglionic synapse?
b) post-ganglionic synapse?

A

A) acetylcholine in the pre-ganglionic

B) norepinephrine in the post-ganglion

22
Q

Receptors named for their observed response to nicotine.

A

Nicotinic

23
Q

Receptors named for their observed response with muscarine, a water-soluble toxin derived from a mushroom. These receptors can be blocked by atropine.

A

Muscarinic receptors

24
Q

A disease in which the destruction of Nicotinic M receptors results in a generalized weakness. It is an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies form against acetylcholine nicotinic post synaptic receptors at the neuromuscular junction of skeletal muscles.

A

Myasthenia gravis

25
Q

A drug, neostigmine, used to treat myasthenia gravis, binds acetylcholinesterase at the Muscarinic receptors, causes SLUDGE and is what type of Cholinergic drug?

A

Indirect-acting Cholinergic drug

26
Q

Pilocarpine, used to treat glaucoma, simulates the effects of acetylcholine and is what type of Cholinergic drug?

A

Direct-acting Cholinergic drug

27
Q

Cholinergic poisoning by VX, sarin (nerve agents), and organophosphates results in_________?

A

SLUDGE syndrome

28
Q

The mnemonic “SLUDGE” describes the effects of certain drugs and Cholinergic poisoning and stands for_____?

A 
S-salivation
L-lacrimation
U-urination
D-defecation
G-GI upset
E-emesis
29
Q

Describe three effects of beta 2 stimulation

A
  1. Bronchodilation
  2. Insulin secretion
  3. Uterine relaxation
  4. Arterial dilation in certain key organs
    (Vasodilation)
30
Q

Describe at least effect of dopaminergic receptor stimulation.

A
  1. Dilation of renal arteries
  2. Dilation of coronary arteries
  3. Dilation of cerebral arteries
31
Q 
Which of the following is not an example of a Central Nervous System Stimulant in the methylxanthine class?
A) caffeine
B) amphetamine (Dexedrine)
C) aminophyline
D) theophylline
A

B) amphetamine (Dexedrine)

32
Q 
Examples of antidepressants include all of the following except:
A) TCAs -imipramine and desipramine
B) SSRIs - Prozac, Zoloft, and Paxil
C) MAOIs - Nardil
D) Phenothiazines and butyrophenones
     (Thorazine and haloperidol)
A

D) Phenothiazines and butyrophenones
(Thorazine and haloperidol)

NOTE: These drugs are CNS Psychotherapeutic meds bit are used to treat schizophrenia not depression.

33
Q

“Hot as Hell” (hyperthermia), “Blind as a Bat” (blurred vision), “Dry as a Bone” (anhidrosis), “Red as a Beet”, “Mad as a Hatter” refer to the effects of what class of drugs affecting the parasympathetic nervous system?

A

Anticholinergics

34
Q

Which of the following is NOT true of Succinylcholine (Anectine)?
A) it’s a depolarizing blocking agent
B) it’s a non depolarizing agent
C)use caution/not at all with poss hyperkalemia or massive trauma
D) binds to Nicotinic M;useful paralytic

A

B) it’s a non polarizing neuromuscular blocking agent

Pharmacology (4 decks)

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