Medication & Intravenous Therapy Flashcards
Chapter 11
Adverse reaction
an unintended and undesirable effect produced by a drug.
Administered
actually given to the pt to take in the office.
Allergen
a substance that is capable of causing an allergic reaction.
Allergy
an abnormal hypersensitivity of the body to substances that are ordinarily harmless.
Ampule
a small sealed glass container that holds a single dose of medicine.
Anaphylactic reaction
a serious allergic reaction that requires immediate treatment.
Chemotherapy
the use of chemicals to treat disease. The term chemotherapy is most often used to refer to the treatment of cancer using antineoplastic medications.
Controlled drug
a drug that has restrictions placed on it by the federal government because of its potential for abuse.
Conversion
changing from one system of measurement to another.
Cubic centimeter
the amount of space occupied by 1 millimeter (1 mL = 1 cc)
DEA number
a registration number assigned to physicians by the Drug Enforcement Administration for prescribing or dispensing controlled drugs.
Dose
the quantity of a drug to be administered at one time.
Dispensed
given to a pt at the office to be taken at home.
Drug
a chemical used for the treatment, prevention, or diagnosis of disease.
Gauge
the diameter of the lumen if a needle used to administer medication.
Induration
an abnormally raised, hardened area of the skin with clearly defined margins.
Infusion
the administration of fluids, medications, or nutrients into a vein.
don’t mistake with transfusion
Inhalation administration
the administration by way of air or the other vapor being drawn into the lungs.
Inscription
the part of a prescription that indicates the name of the drug and the drug dosage.
Intradermal injection
introduction of medication into the dermal layer of the skin.
Intramuscular injection (IM)
introduction of medication into the muscular layer of the body.
Intravenous (IV) therapy
the administration of a liquid agent directly into a patient’s vein, where it is distributed throughout the body by way of the circulatory system.
Oral administration
administration of medication by mouth.
Parenteral
administration of medication by injection.
-routes that do not pertain to the digestive track.
Pharmacology
the study of drugs.
Prescribed
written or computer generated rx for a drug to be filled at a pharmacy.
Prescription
a physician’s order authorizing the dispensing of a drug by a pharmacist.
Side effects
undesirable rxns
Signatura
the part of a prescription that indicates the information to print on the mediation label.
Subcutaneous injection
introduction of medication beneath the skin, into the subcutaneous or fatty layer of the body.
Sublingual administration
administration of medication by placing it under the tongue, where it dissolves and is absorbed through the mucous membrane.
Subscription
the part of the prescription that gives directions to the pharmacist and usually designates the number of doses to be dispensed.
Superscription
the part of a prescription consisting of the abbreviation (from the Latin word recipe, meaning “take”).
Topical administration
application of a drug to a particular spot, usually for a local action.
Toxic
bad medication interactions / overdosing
Transfusion
the administration of whole blood or blood products by the intravenous route.
don’t mistake with infusion
Vial
a closed glass container with a rubber stopper that holds medication.
Wheal
a tense, pale, raised area of the skin.
Fastest routes of administration
Sublingual
Rectal
Intravenous
Dosage + route for Humanpapillomavirus (HPV)
0.5 mL
IM
Dosage + route for Influenza
0.5 mL
IM
Dosage + route for Measles, Mumps, Rubella (MMR)
0.5mL
Subcutaneous injection
Dosage + route for Meningococcal serogroups (MenACWY) and (MenB)
0.5 mL
IM
Dosage + route for Pneumococcal PDV13 and PPSV23
0.5mL
IM
Dosage for Hepatitis A (HepA)
18 y/o and younger: 0.5 mL | 19 y/o and older: 1.0 mL
Route for Hepatitis A (HepA)
IM
Dosage for Hepatitis B (HepB)
Engerix-B; Recombinax HB:
20 y/o and older: 1.0 mL
19 y/o and younger: 0.5 mL
Heplisav-B:
18 y/o and older: 0.5 mL
Route for Hepatitis B (HepB)
IM
Dosage for HepA-HepB (Twinrix)
18 y/o and older: 1.0 mL
Route for HepA-HepB (Twinrix)
IM
Dosage + route for Tetanus, Diphtheria (Td) withh Pertussis (Tdap)
0.5 mL
IM
Dosage + route for Varicella (VAR)
0.5mL
Subcut
Dosage + route for Zoster (Zos)
Shingrix: 0.5 mL and IM
Zostavax: 0.65mL and Subcut
Dosage + route for Tuberculosis (TB)
0.1mL
ID
ac
before meals
admin
administer, administration
bid
twice a day
h or hr
hour
ID
intradermal
IM
intramuscular
IV
intravenous
mg
milligram
NPO
nothing by mouth
OTC
over the counter
pc
after meals
po or PO
by mouth
prn
as needed
qh
every hour
qid
four times a day
Rx
prescription
STAT
immediately
tid
three times a day
tsp
teaspoon
x
times
Parts of a Rx
(11 items)
Date
Physician’s contact info (name, address, telephone, fax)
Patient’s name and address
Patient’s date of birth and age
Superscription
Inscription
Subscription
Signatura
Refill
Physician’s signature
DEA number
Physicians’ Desk Reference (PDR)
contains information on most major Rx pharmaceutical products available in the United States. The drug information in the PDR consists of the actual drug package insert.
Schedule I
Abuse potential:
Medical use:
Schedule II
Schedule III
Schedule IV
Schedule V
Who determines the safety and effectiveness of the prescription and nonprescription (OTC) drugs?
U.S Food and Drug Administration, FDA
What is the FDA responsible in relation to drugs?
-determining whether new drugs , vaccines, and medical devices are safe for human use
-determine whether a medication will be available with or without an Rx
Chemical name
precise description of the chemical composition (the chemical recipe)
Generic name
assigned by the pharmaceutical manufacturer before it receives official approval by the FDA.
-shortened chemical name
Official name
the name used in official listed publications, which is used to set specific standards to regulate the strength, purity, packaging, safety, labeling, and dosage form for each drug.
Brand name
the name used by the pharmaceutical manufacturer to market the drug.
Elixir
a drug that is dissolved in a solution of alcohol and water.
-Sweetened and flavored
-Taken orally
Lotion
an aqueous preparation that contains suspended ingredients.
-used to treat external skins conditions
-they soothe, protect, moisten the skin
-destroy harmful bacteria
Spirit
a drug combined with an alcoholic solution
-evaporates easily
Tablets
a powdered drug that has been pressed into a disc.
-some are scored so that they can be broken into halves or quarters for proper dosage.
Chewable tablet
a powdered drug that has been flavored and pressed into a disc
-usually used for antacids, antiflatulents, and children’s medications
Sublingual tablet
a powdered drug that has been pressed into a disc and is designed to dissolve under the tongue.
- rapid absorption into the bloodstream
Enteric-coated tablet
a tablet coated with a substances that prevents it from dissolving until it reaches the intestines.
-protects the drug from being destroyed by gastric juices
-prevents it from eating the stomach
-should not be crushed or chewed
Caplet
a drug contained in an oblong tablet with a smooth coating to make swallowing easier.
Lozenge
a drug contained in a candy like base.
- designed to dissolve in the tongue
Creams
a drug combined in a base that is usually nongreasy, resulting in a semisolid preparation.
-applied externally to the skin
Ointments
a drug with an oil base, resulting in a semisolid preparation.
-usually greasy
-applied externally to the skin
Suppository
a drug mixed with a firm base, such as cocoa butter, that is designed to melt at body temperature.
-shaped into a cylinder or a cone for easy insertion into a body cavity (rectum or vagina)
Transdermal patches
a patch with an adhesive backing, which contains a drug, that is applied to the skin.
-this drug enters the circulation after being absorbed through the skin.
Analgesics
used to manage moderate to severe pain
work by altering perception of and response to painful stimuli.
-odone ending medications
-oxycodone, fentanyl
Anesthetics
used to produce local anesthesia through loss of feeling to a body part
work by preventing initiation and conduction of normal nerve impulses in body part
-lidocaine
Antiinflammatory
used to relieve signs and symptoms of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis in adults
work by decreasing pain and inflammation
-aspirin
-ibuprofen
Bronchodilators
used to manage reversible airway obstruction caused by asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
work by relaxing smooth muscle of respiratory tract resulting in bronchodilation
-albuterol
-fluticasone
Anticoagulants
used to prevent and treat venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, and myocardial infarction by preventing clot extension and formation
work by delaying or preventing blood coagulation
-heparin
-warfarin
Antidepressants
used to prevent, cure, or alleviate depression and to treat anxiety disorders (panic attacks) and obsessive-convulsive disorder
work by inhibiting reuptake of neurotransmitters in the central nervous system.
-Dilantin
-Topamax
Antidiabetic
used to manage non-insulin-dependent type 2 diabetes mellitus
work by stimulating release of insulin from pancreas and increasing sensitivity to insulin
-amaryl
-avandia
Antiinfectives
used to treat infections
work by killing or inhibiting growth of bacteria
-amoxicillin
-penicillin V
Symptoms of TB
-loss appetite
-sweat
-long lasting cough with lasting phlegm
When are the TB results read?
48-72 hours
What happens if the allotted time to read the TB results passes?
the test must be done again
