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ENT > Medication ENT + Surgery > Flashcards

Medication ENT + Surgery Flashcards

1
Q

Penicillin V

A

Tonsillitis

10 days

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2
Q

Amoxicillin

A

Sinusitis

Otitis media

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3
Q

Flucloxacillin

A

Staph infection including cellulitis
Often used in chronic cellulitis without polyp
Use macrolide if allergic

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4
Q

Gentamicin ear drop

A

Otitis externa as pseudomonas common

Use with caution if perforated due to risk of otototicty

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5
Q

Ciprofloxacin (quinolone)

A

Unlicsned but used as no risk of toxicity
Otitis extern
Otitis media with perforated TM

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6
Q

Anti-fungal

A

Fungal otitis externa

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7
Q

Topical nasal steroid

A

Allergic rhinitis
Chronic sinusitis
Usually take 2-3 weeks to work

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8
Q

Oral steroid

A

Significant nasal polyp
In conjunction with Ax for acute sinusitis
Bells palsy
Sudden onset acute sensorineural loss

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9
Q

Anti-histamine

A

Rhinitis

If take systemic get anti-cholinergic SE

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10
Q

Prochlorperaizne

A

Dopamine antagonist for N+V

Don’t take for more than 2 weeks

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11
Q

Betahistine

A

Improve blood flow and reduce pressure

Not sure of evidence

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12
Q

Intratympaic dexamethasone or gentamicin

A

Reduces vestibular nerve function

Dex preferred to gent due to risk of ototoxicity

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13
Q

Indications for grommet

A

Otitis media with effusion >3 months

Recurrent acute otitis media

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14
Q

What is a grommet

A

Ventilation tube to help ventilate the middle ear

GA or LA

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15
Q

Peri-op care

A

Keep dry 2 weeks
Audiogram 6-12 weeks
Usually self extrude in 12 months and TM heals

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16
Q

Complications

A

Infection
Tympanosclerosis (scarring)
TMperforation

17
Q

When is a myringoplasty / tympanoplasty recommended

A

Fix a perforated TM

18
Q

What is an ossiculoplasty

A

Reconstruction of ossicles

19
Q

When is a mastoidectomy indicated

A

CHolestoma

Cochlear implant

20
Q

Complications

A 
Bleeding
Infection
Hearing loss - audiogram at 6-12 weeks
Disturbance of taste
Facial weakness 
CSF leak
21
Q

What are indications for tonsillectomy

A

Recurrent tonsillitis
QUinsy
OSA
Suspected malignancy

22
Q

What are CI / cautions for tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy

A

Coagulopathy
Acute infection
Cleft palate

23
Q

Complications

A 
Primary haemorrhage within 24 hours
Secondary haemorrhage - day 4-7
Infection
Dental injury
Taste disturbance 
2 weeks of work
24
Q

Indications for adenoidectomy

A

Nasal obstruction +_ OSA

Recurrent otitis media

25
Q

What are indications for sinus surgery

A 
Acute or chronic sinusitis not relieved by medical
Nasal polyp
Orbital complications
Drainage of mucocele
Endonasal tumour
Access to skull base
26
Q

What are complications

A 
Bleeding
Infection
Injury to nasolacrimal duct
Orbital injury - rarely diplopia and blind
CSF leak
Anosmia
27
Q

Indications for parotidectomy

A

Neoplasm

28
Q

What are complications

A

Bleeding
Haematoma
Facial weakness
Require drain for 48 hours after to avoid wound haematoma

29
Q

Indications for thyroidectomy

A

Malignancy

COmpression Sx

30
Q

What are risks

A 
Bleeding 
Need for surgical drain post op 
Infection 
Damage to external laryngeal nerve 
- Unilateral = hoarse
- Bilateral = obstructed airway 
HYpocalcaemia due to parathyroid injury
Thyroid storm if hyperthyroid
31
Q

When is neck dissection indicated

A

Metastatic carcinoma

32
Q

What are complications

A 
Bleeding
Haematoma
Infetion
Nerve damage 
Facial lympoedema
33
Q

What is a tracheostomy

A

A surgically created opening in front of trachea

Can be elective or emergency

34
Q

Indications

A

Airway obstruction

Weaning from ventilation as reduces dead space

35
Q

Complications

A 
Bleeding
Dislodged tube
Blocked tube
Infection
Subcutaneous emphysema
Pneumothorax or pneumomediastinum
36
Q

What is needed post op

A

Humidifcation and regular suction
Care of inner tube to avoid blockage
Stoma wound care
Remove tube as soon as possible

ENT (14 decks)

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