Medication Administration Flashcards by Mackenzie Kelly

Parenteral

Administration other than through the alimentary tract - by injection using sterile technique

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Subcutaneous

hypodermic/subcut
Injection into the subcutaneous tissue

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Intramuscular

IM
Injection into the muscle

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Intradermal

ID
Injection into the dermis

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Intravenous

IV
Injection into a vein

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Intra-Arterial

Injection into an artery

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Intracardiac

Injection into heart muscle

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Intra-osseous

Injection into a bone

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Intrathecal

Intraspinal
Injection into the spinal cord

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Three ways that parenteral medications are given?

Subcutaneously
Intramuscular
Intravenously

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Three parts to a syringe

Tip
Barrel
Plunger

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What sizes are syringes available in?

The range is from 0.3 to 60 mL

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What types of needle connections are there?

Luer-Lock
Slip Tip

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Luer-Lok

Threaded grooves that screw onto the needle hub and lock into place

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Slip Tip

Smooth and slightly tapered tip that inserts into the needle hub and requires a slight twist to secure

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Insulin Syringe

Non removable needle and measurements are in UNITS
U-100

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Tuberculin Syringe

Also known as an intradermal syringe
-Narrow (1mL)

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Syringe sizes

u-100
1mL
3mL
5mL
10mL
20mL
60mL

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What are syringes used for?

Adding medication to IV solutions
Irrigate wounds
Administering IM or SC injections

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Prefilled Syringe

Injectable medications frequently supplied in prefilled unit doses

Require special metal or plastic cartridge holder/syringe for administration

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Three parts to a needle

Hub
Cannula
Bevel

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Hub

Part of the needle that fits onto the syringe

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Cannula

Also known as the shaft
Attached to the hub

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Bevel

Slanted part at the tip of the needle

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Three variable characteristics of needle

Slant/Length of the bevel (short/long) Shaft length - Varies 1/2 to 2 inches Gauge of shaft - Varies from 18 to 28

What are the benefits of a longer bevel?

Longer bevel provides the sharpest needles so it causes less discomfort

What are short bevels used for?

Intradermal and IV injections

Gauge (information)

The larger gauge number, the smaller the diameter of the shaft -16g large for blood products and viscous medicines -28g tiny needle for thin medications

Safety needles

Prevent needle stick injuries

Ampule

Glass container designed to hold a single dose of medication

Vial

A small glass bottle with sealed rubber cap Vials come in single dose or multi dose

How many times do you check medications before administering?

Three checks - off the shelf - before withdrawing the medicine - after putting it back on the shelf

Where do needles and used ampules get discarded?

In the sharps container

Insulin, how do you draw up regular and long acting?

Inject air into NPH Inject air into regular Draw up Regular Draw up NPH Clear before Cloudy

What insulin cant be mixed with any other?

Lantus and Levemir (basal or long acting)

Which insulins are clear?

Very short acting -Humalog -Novolog -Apidra Short Acting -Humulin R -Novolin R

What insulins are cloudy?

Intermediate acting -NPH -Humulin N -Novalin N

What sites can you do SUBCUT injection?

Abdomen (2in away from umbilicus) Lateral and anterior of upper arm/thigh Scapular area upper back Upper buttocks

What is the only place Heparin can be administered?

In the abdomen

Why do you need to rotate injection sites?

To decrease tissue damage, aid in absorption, and decrease discomfort

Lipoatrophy

Breakdown of subcutaneous fat at the site of repeated injections

Lipohypertrophy

Build up of subcutaneous fat at the site of repeated injections

What angle do you do SUBCUT injections?

45-90 degrees

What medicines do you need to have a second nurse check the dose on?

Heparin and Insulin

What injection sites do you aspirate?

ONLY dorsogluteal

What is ID used for?

Allergy TB testing some vaccinations

Why is IM used?

Speed of absorption and larger medicine volumes

Do you massage the site after injection for any method?

IM sites of injection?

Ventrogluteal Vastus Lateralis Dorsogluteal Rectus Femoris Deltoid

What is the maximum volume for an IM injection?

(based on site and PT's muscle development)

Volume for large ventrogluteal injection

2-3mL

Volume for large vastus lateralis injection

2-3mL

Volume for ventrogluteal injection

1-2mL

Volume for vastus lateralis injection

1-2mL

Volume for rectus femoris injection

1-2mL

Volume for injection for small muscles in infants/small children

0.5-1mL

Volume for injection for deltoid in small children through older adults

0.5-1mL

What degree do you administer an ID shot?

5-15 degree angle

What angle do you administer a IM shot?

90 degree angle ONLY

Intradermal

Ventrogluteal

Deltoid

Vastus Lateralis

Rectus Femoris

Dorsogluteal