Medical Asepsis and Infection Control - CH 14

Question 1

Microorganisms

Answer 1

Minuscule living bodies that cannot be seen without a microscope

Question 2

Pathogens

Answer 2

Microorganisms that cause infections in humans

Question 3

Normal Flora

Answer 3

The microorganisms that live in and on the human body and perform functions needed to protect us from harmful pathogens or break down food

Question 4

Types of pathogens:

Answer 4

-Bacteria
-Viruses
-Protozoa
-Fungi
-Helminths

Question 5

Bacteria

Answer 5

One celled microorganisms found virtually everywhere, including in the human body

Question 6

Viruses

Answer 6

Not made up on individual cells, but are tiny parasites that live inside the cells of the host and reproduce there

Question 7

Protozoa

Answer 7

Single celled animals that live in water

Question 8

Fungi

Answer 8

May be made up of one or more cells

Question 9

Helminths

Answer 9

Parasitic worms that can inhabit the digestive tract of humans

Question 10

Chain of infection:

Answer 10

-Portal of entry
-Mode of transmission
-Portal of exit
-Reservoir
-Infectious agent
-Susceptible host

Question 11

Health-care associated infection

Answer 11

Infection that is acquired while the patient is being cared for in any health-care setting.

Question 12

Primary Infection

Answer 12

Initial infection caused by one pathogen only

Question 13

Secondary Infection

Answer 13

Caused by a second, different pathogen

Question 14

Localized Infection

Answer 14

Infection that is in one part of the body

Question 15

Systemic Infection

Answer 15

When the infection spreads to other parts of the body through the blood stream

Question 16

Septicemia

Answer 16

When microorganisms are present and multiplying in the blood

Question 17

Primary defenses

Answer 17

Body systems or portions of them that block or trap invading pathogens

Question 18

Skin as a primary defense

Answer 18

Protects body from microbes that would cause disease in subcutaneous or deeper tissue

Question 19

Mucous membranes as a primary defense

Answer 19

The membranes produce sticky mucus that traps invading pathogens

Question 20

GI system as a primary defense

Answer 20

Mouth provides entry into the GI system and contains bacteria/saliva contains enzymes that help remove microorganisms

Question 21

Secondary Defense

Answer 21

Second line of defense occurs at the cellular level in response to toxins that are secreted by invading pathogens

Question 22

Inflammatory process

Answer 22

WBC release histamine and other chemicals which cause blood vessels near to injury to dilate. Causes redness/warmth at injury.

Question 23

Elevated Temperature

Answer 23

Body responds to pathogens by creating a hostile environment. Increasing the body temperature so that it is too warm for most pathogens to live or multiply

Question 24

Complement Cascade

Answer 24

When invading pathogens are detected, complement is release. These specialized proteins attack the pathogen by releasing chemicals that make their cell membranes rupture

Question 25

Lymphocytes

Answer 25

WBC that fight infection either as T cells or B cells

Question 26

Standard Precautions

Answer 26

Group of safety measures that are performed to prevent the transmission of pathogens found in blood/body fluids.

Includes hand washing, PPE, and cough etiquette

Question 27

Transmission-based precautions

Answer 27

Used to prevent spread of known infection to patients or health care workers when a patient has a communicable disease

Question 28

Medical Asepsis

Answer 28

Practices performed to prevent the spread of infection

Question 29

Surgical Asepsis

Answer 29

Maintaining a sterile environment like in an operating room

Question 30

Sterile Technique

Answer 30

Performing procedures in such a way that no pathogens will enter the patients body when you insert tubes or give injections

Question 31

Disinfectant

Answer 31

Cleaning agent, will remove most pathogens

Question 32

Direct Contact

Answer 32

Pathogen spreads from person to person directly, usually on the hands

Question 33

Indirect Contact

Answer 33

Pathogen spreads from one person, contaminates an object, and then its transferred to another person via that object