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Medical Terms Flashcards

1
Q

adjuvant chemotherapy

A

Assisting primary treatment

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2
Q

alkylating agents

A

Synthetic chemicals containing alkyl groups that attack DNA

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3
Q

anaplasia

A

Loss of differentiation of cells

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4
Q

angiogenesis

A

Process of forming new blood vessels

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5
Q

antibiotics

A

Chemicals produced by bacteria or primitive plants; inhibit growth of cells

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6
Q

antimetabolites

A

Chemicals that prevent cell division; inhibit formation of substances needed to make DNA

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7
Q

antimitotics

A

Drugs that block cell division

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8
Q

apoptosis

A

Programmed cell death

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9
Q

benign tumor

A

Noncancerous growth (neoplasm)

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10
Q

biological response modifiers

A

Produced by normal cells; directly block tumor growth or stimulate immune system to fight cancer

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11
Q

biological therapy

A

Use of the body’s own defenses to destroy tumor cells

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12
Q

brachytherapy

A

Use of radiation placed directly on or within the cancer

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13
Q

carcinogens

A

Agents that cause cancer

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14
Q

carcinoma

A

Cancerous tumor made up of cells of epithelial origin

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15
Q

cellular oncogenes

A

Pieces of DNA, activated by mutations or dislocation, that can cause a normal cell to become malignant

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16
Q

chemotherapy

A

Treatment with drugs

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17
Q

combination chemotherapy

A

Use of several chemotherapeutic agents together in treatment of tumors

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18
Q

dedifferentiation

A

Loss of differentiation of cells

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19
Q

deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

A

Genetic material within the nucleus of a cell; controls cell division and protein synthesis

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20
Q

differentiating agents

A

Drugs that promote tumor cells to differentiate, stop growing, and die

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21
Q

differentiation

A

Specialization of cells

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22
Q

electron beams

A

Low-energy beams of radiation for treatment of skin or surface tumors

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23
Q

encapsulated

A

Surrounded by a capsule; benign tumors are encapsulated

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24
Q

external beam Radiation

A

Applying radiation to a tumor from a source outside the body

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25
fields
Dimensions of body areas undergoing irradiation
26
fractionation
Giving radiation in small, repeated doses
27
genetic screening
Testing family members to determine if they have inherited a cancer-causing gene
28
grading tumors
Evaluating the degree of maturity of tumor cells
29
gray (gy)
Unit of absorbed radiation dose
30
gross description of tumors
Visual appearance of tumors to the naked eye
31
infiltrative
Extending beyond normal tissue boundaries into adjacent tissues
32
invasive
Having the ability to enter and destroy surrounding tissue
33
irradiation
Exposure to any form of radiant energy such as light, heat, or x-rays
34
linear accelerator
Large electronic device that produces high-energy x-ray beams for treatment of deep-seated tumors
35
malignant tumor
Tumor having the characteristics of continuous growth, invasiveness, and metastasis
36
mesenchymal
Embryonic connective tissue - cells that develop into connective tissue, blood vessels, and lymphatic tissue.
37
metastasis
Spread of a malignant tumor to a secondary site
38
microscopic description of tumors
Appearance of tumors when viewed under a microscope
39
mitosis
Replication of cells
40
mixed-tissue tumors
Tumors composed of different types of tissue
41
modality
Method of treatment, such as surgery, chemotherapy, or irradiation
42
molecularly targeted therapy
Anticancer drugs designed to block the function of growth factors, their receptors, and signaling pathways in specific tumor cells
43
morbidity
Condition of being unwell; deficient in normal function
44
mucinous
Containing mucus
45
mutation
Change in DNA; may be spontaneous or caused by chemicals, radiation, or viruses
46
neoplasm
New growth; benign or malignant tumors
47
nucleotide
Unit of DNA composed of a sugar, phosphate, and a base
48
oncogene
Region of DNA in tumor cells or in viruses that causes cancer
49
palliative
Relieving, but not curing symptoms
50
pedunculated
Possessing a stem or stalk
51
photon therapy
Radiation therapy using energy in the form of x-rays or gamma rays
52
protocol
Detailed plan for treatment of an illness
53
proton therapy
Use of protons produced by a cyclotron to deposit a dose of radiation at a tightly focused point in the body
54
radiation
Energy carried by a stream of particles
55
radiocurable tumor
Tumor that is destroyed by radiation therapy
56
radioresistant tumor
Tumor that requires large doses of radiation to be destroyed
57
radiosensitive tumor
Tumor in which radiation can cause the death of cells without serious damage to surrounding tissue
58
radiosensitizers
Drugs that increase the sensitivity of tumors to x-rays
59
radiotherapy
Treatment of tumors using doses of radiation
60
relapse
Recurrence of tumor after treatment
61
remission
Partial or complete disappearance of symptoms of disease
62
ribonucleis acid (RNA)
Cellular substance that represents a copy of DNA; directs formation of new protein inside cells
63
sarcoma
Cancerous tumor derived from connective or flesh tissue
64
serous
Having the appearance of a thin, watery fluid
65
sessile
Having no stem
66
simulation
Study using CT scan or MRI to map treatment before RT is given
67
solid tumor
Tumor composed of a mass of cells
68
staging of tumors
System of evaluating the extent of spread of tumors - often includes the size of the tumour, which parts of the organ have cancer, whether the cancer has spread (metastasized) and where it has spread.
69
stereotactic radiosurgery
Delivery of dose of radiation under stereotactic guidance
70
steroids
Complex, naturally occurring chemicals derived from cholesterol
71
surgical procedures to treat cancer
Methods of removing cancerous tissue
72
viral oncogenes
Pieces of DNA from viruses that infect a normal cell and cause it to become malignant
73
virus
Infectious agent that reproduces by entering a host cell and using the host’s genetic material to copy itself
74
Connective tissue
supports other tissues and binds them together (bone, blood, and lymph tissues)
75
Epithelial tissue
Epithelial tissue provides a covering (skin, the linings of the various passages inside the body)
76
Muscle tissue
Contracts skeletal, smooth and cardiac (appear striated)
77
Nervous tissue
Nervous tissue is found in the brain, spinal cord, and nerves. It is responsible for coordinating and controlling many body activities. It stimulates muscle contraction, creates an awareness of the environment, and plays a major role in emotions, memory, and reasoning
78
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Biology (8 decks)

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