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NAPLEX > Medical Terms > Flashcards

Medical Terms Flashcards

1
Q

A-

A

not, no, or lack of

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2
Q

-algia

A

pain or soreness

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3
Q

Audio-

A

hearing

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4
Q

Brady-

A

slow

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5
Q

Dys-

A

difficult, abnormal or painful

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6
Q

-ectomy

A

surgical removal

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7
Q

Hem-

A

blood

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8
Q

Hepato-

A

liver

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9
Q

Hyper-

A

high, above normal or excessive

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10
Q

Hypo-

A

low or below normal

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11
Q

-itis

A

inflammation

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12
Q

Myo-

A

muscle

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13
Q

Nephro-

A

kidney

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14
Q

Oligo-

A

too few or too little

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15
Q

Patho- or pathy-

A

disease or suffering

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16
Q

-pnea

A

breathing

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17
Q

Tachy-

A

fast

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18
Q

abscess

A

local collection of pus anywhere in the body

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19
Q

agranulocytosis

A

lack of granulocytes (WBCs) produced by the bone marrow

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20
Q

akathisia

A

inability to stay still with constant movement (restlessness)

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21
Q

akinesia

A

lack of body movement

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22
Q

alogia

A

lack of speech (also called aphasia)

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23
Q

alopecia

A

hair loss

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24
Q

amenorrhea

A

absence or cessation of menstruation

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25
Q

amnesia, anterograde

A

loss of memory related to events that occur after a traumatic event

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26
Q

amnesia, retrograde

A

loss of memory related to events occurring before a traumatic event

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27
Q

anaphylaxis

A

severe, life-threatening allergic reaction occurring within 30-60 minutes of an exposure. symptoms can include hypotension, swelling of the mouth and throat, difficulty breathing (bronchospasm, wheezing), hives, abdominal pain

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28
Q

angioedema

A

subcutaneous or submucosal swelling, typically in the tissues of the face, lips, mouth & throat. can occur in isolation or as a component of anaphylaxis

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29
Q

anion

A

negatively charged ion

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30
Q

anorexia

A

significant loss of appetite or aversion to food

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31
Q

anorgasmia

A

inability to achieve orgasm

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32
Q

anuria

A

no urine output

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33
Q

aortic dissection

A

tear in the wall of the aorta, which allows blood to flow between the wall layers, separating (dissecting) them

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34
Q

aphasia

A

lack of speech (alogia)

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35
Q

apoptosis

A

cell death

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36
Q

arrhythmia

A

abnormal heart rhythm

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37
Q

arthralgia

A

joint pain

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38
Q

arthritis

A

joint inflammation

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39
Q

ascites

A

fluid accumulation within the peritoneal space of the abdomen

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40
Q

asplenia

A

decreased spleen function or the absence of a spleen

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41
Q

asthenia

A

lack of energy and strength; weakness

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42
Q

ataxia

A

lack of muscle control & uncoordinated body movements

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43
Q

atherosclerosis

A

buildup of fats, cholesterol & other substances within arterial walls, which leads to plaques and a narrowing of the arterial space

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44
Q

attenuated

A

weakened

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45
Q

atypical

A

unusual

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46
Q

auscultation

A

listening to internal organs (i.e. heart & lungs) with a stethoscope

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47
Q

axillary

A

armpit

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48
Q

avolition

A

total lack of motivation

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49
Q

azotemia

A

buildup of urea (a nitrogen waste product normally eliminated by the kidneys) in the blood (also called uremia)

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50
Q

Beyond Use Date (BUD)

A

expiration date applied to a compounded product, beyond which the drug should not be used

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51
Q

bilateral

A

on both sides of the body

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52
Q

bioavailability

A

proportion (expressed as a percentage) of a drug that enters into the systemic circulation and is available to exert its biologic action

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53
Q

blepharitis

A

eyelid inflammation

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54
Q

bolus

A

single IV dose of a medication administered all at once over a short period of time

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55
Q

bradycardia

A

slow heart rate (<60 BPM)

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56
Q

bradykinesia

A

slow body movement

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57
Q

bronchitis

A

inflammation of the bronchi tubes in the film

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58
Q

bulimia

A

eating disorder characterized by binging (over-eating) followed by self-induced vomiting

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59
Q

cachexia

A

extreme weight loss & muscle wasting due to a chronic illness

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60
Q

carbuncle

A

red, inflamed cluster of furuncles (boils) that contain pus & can form an abscess

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61
Q

cardiomegaly

A

enlarged heart

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62
Q

cataplexy

A

sudden, temporary loss of muscle control & and inability to move while the person is awake, often triggered by strong emotions such as laughing, crying or fear

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63
Q

cataract

A

cloudiness covering the lens in the eye, caused by a breakdown of proteins & resulting in blurred vision

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64
Q

cation

A

positively charged ion

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65
Q

cellulitis

A

spreading bacterial infection in the skin or subcutaneous tissue, characterized by redness, swelling, warmth & pain

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66
Q

central line

A

long catheter inserted into a neck, upper chest or groin vein and guided into a large central vein (superior vena cava) to administer IV meds & fluid

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67
Q

cerebrovascular accident

A

when blood flow to part of the brain is blocked (e,g. by a clot or ruptured vessel) & brain cells die. also called a stroke

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68
Q

cerumen

A

ear wax

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69
Q

chancre

A

painless ulcer (usually located on the genitals) associated with primary syphilis

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70
Q

chelation

A

process by which ions and molecules (e.g. drugs) bind to metal ions, forming a non-absorbable complex

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71
Q

cholecystectomy

A

surgical removal of the gallbladder

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72
Q

cholelithiasis

A

formation of stones (calculi) in the gallbladder

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73
Q

cholestasis

A

reduction or blockage of bile flow

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74
Q

cirrhosis

A

advanced, irreversible fibrosis (scarring) of the liver

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75
Q

coagulopathy

A

condition associated with excessive bleeding & impaired clot formation

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76
Q

conjunctivitis

A

inflammation of the thin clear membrane that covers the eyeball & lines the inside of the eyelid

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77
Q

continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)

A

treatment for obstructive sleep apnea that uses a machine to pump air through the airways, keeping the windpipe open during sleep

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78
Q

crystalluria

A

presence of crystals in the urine caused by metabolic disorders or drugs

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79
Q

cystitis

A

bladder inflammation, usually due to a bacterial infection

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80
Q

delirium

A

acute change in mental status characterized by incoherent thoughts and speech, disorientation, agitation, hallucinations, delusions and/or paranoia

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81
Q

delusion

A

false or irrational belief based on an incorrect interpretation of reality

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82
Q

dementia

A

memory loss & difficulty with thinking, problem-solving and language that interferes with daily life

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83
Q

desiccant

A

substance that preserves something by removing moisture & keeping it dry

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84
Q

diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)

A

life-threatening hyperglycemic crisis characterized by high blood glucose, anion gap metabolic acidosis & ketones in the blood or urine

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85
Q

dialysis

A

process of removing waste products & excess electrolytes and fluid from the blood

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86
Q

diaphoresis

A

excessive or abnormal sweating not explained by the environmental temperature or a person’s activity level

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87
Q

diplopia

A

double vision

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88
Q

dissection

A

tear within the wall of a blood vessel (e.g. the aorta) which allows blood to flow between the wall layers, separating (dissecting) them

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89
Q

dyscrasia

A

any disease or abnormal condition of the body

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90
Q

dysentery

A

infection of the intestines, characterized by severe, bloody diarrhea and abdominal pain

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91
Q

dysgeusia

A

altered sense of taste

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92
Q

dyskinesia

A

abnormal, involuntary movements

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93
Q

dysmenorrhea

A

discomfort & pain during the menstrual period

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94
Q

dyspepsia

A

indigestion

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95
Q

dysphagia

A

difficulty swallowing

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96
Q

dysphonia

A

impairment of the voice (e.g. hoarseness) & difficulty speaking

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97
Q

dyspnea

A

difficult or labored breathing; shortness of breath

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98
Q

dystonia

A

involuntary movements & prolonged contractions of muscles that result in twisting body motions & abnormal posture

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99
Q

ectopic

A

in an abnormal place or position

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100
Q

embolism

A

foreign substance or blood clot that travels through the bloodstream and lodges in a blood vessel causing an obstruction

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101
Q

empyema

A

collection of pus & fluids in a body cavity, usually the pleural space (space between the lung & inner surface of the chest wall)

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102
Q

encephalitis

A

inflammation of the brain

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103
Q

encephalopathy

A

brain disease, damage or malfunction that results in an altered mental state

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104
Q

endocarditis

A

inflammation of the heart valves or lining of the heart chambers

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105
Q

endometriosis

A

painful condition in which tissue that normally lines the uterus (endometrium) has grown outside the uterus

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106
Q

enteral

A

involving the intestine

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107
Q

enuresis

A

involuntary urination

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108
Q

epistaxis

A

nosebleed

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109
Q

eructation

A

burping or belching

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110
Q

erythema

A

skin redness

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111
Q

etiology

A

the cause (e.g. of a disease)

112
Q

euphoria

A

feeling of happiness; elevated mood

113
Q

euthyroid

A

normal thyroid gland function

114
Q

exacerbation

A

increase or worsening (e.g. in the severity of a disease)

115
Q

excoriation

A

scraping or wearing off of skin resulting in a skin abrasion

116
Q

exophthalmos

A

bulging (protruding) eyeballs

117
Q

extravasation

A

when fluid (e.g. drug, blood) leaks outside of a vessel into the surrounding tissue

118
Q

fibromyalgia

A

condition of widespread pain accompanied by stiffness, fatigue, sleep disturbances, headaches & emotional or mental distress (e.g. anxiety)

119
Q

fibrosis

A

scarring (with stiffness) in connective tissue

120
Q

flatulence

A

excess gas in the GI tract

121
Q

folliculitis

A

hair follicle inflammation, usually caused by infection; can look like acne

122
Q

galactorrhea

A

production of breast milk in men or women who aren’t breastfeeding

123
Q

gastritis

A

inflammation, irritation or erosion of the lining of the stomach

124
Q

gastroparesis

A

decreased function of the nerves controlling the stomach muscles, resulting in inadequate digestion & delayed gastric emptying

125
Q

genotype

A

set of unique genes that determine a specific trait in an individual

126
Q

gingival bleeding

A

bleeding of the gums (gingiva)

127
Q

gingival hyperplasia

A

gum (gingiva) overgrowth

128
Q

glossitis

A

tongue inflammation

129
Q

gynecomastia

A

breast enlargement in men

130
Q

hallucination

A

distortion of reality whereby a person hears, sees or feels something that is not there

131
Q

heimlich maneuver

A

procedure for removing or dislodging an obstruction (e.g. food) from a person’s airway by applying forceful abdominal thrusts in an inward & upward direction

132
Q

hematemesis

A

vomiting blood

133
Q

hematologic

A

having to do with blood or blood disorders

134
Q

hematoma

A

collection of blood within an organ or localized body tissue

135
Q

hematuria

A

blood in the urine

136
Q

hemolysis

A

destruction of RBCs

137
Q

hemoptysis

A

coughing or spitting up blood from the respiratory tract

138
Q

hemorrhoid

A

enlarged or swollen blood vessel near the anus or within the rectum

139
Q

hemostasis

A

stopping of blood flow

140
Q

hepatotoxicity

A

liver damage

141
Q

hirsutism

A

male-pattern hair growth in women

142
Q

hot flashes

A

episodes of flushing with a sensation of warmth or heat in the upper body & face

143
Q

hyperbilirubinemia

A

increased bilirubin in the blood; can cause jaundice

144
Q

hyperhidrosis

A

excessive sweating

145
Q

hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS)

A

hyperglycemic crisis characterized by very high blood glucose, severe dehydration & confusion

146
Q

hyperplasia

A

increase in the number of cells in an organ or body tissue

147
Q

hyperthermia

A

body temperature well above normal

148
Q

hypertrichosis

A

excessive hair growth; can be all over the body or in patches

149
Q

hypertrophy

A

enlargement of an organ or tissue resulting from an increase in cell size

150
Q

hypohidrosis

A

reduced sweat production (oligohydrosis)

151
Q

intraarticular

A

into the joint

152
Q

intracranial hemorrhage (ICH)

A

bleeding in the brain

153
Q

intrathecal

A

introduced into or occurring in the space between the layers of tissue that cover the brain and spinal cord

154
Q

ischemia

A

inadequate blood supply to an organ or part of the body

155
Q

jaundice

A

yellowing of the skin & sclerae (whites of the eyes)

156
Q

leukocytosis

A

increased (higher than normal) WBC count

157
Q

libido

A

sexual desire

158
Q

lymphadenopathy

A

swollen lymph node (also called glands)

159
Q

lyophilized

A

freeze-dried

160
Q

malaise

A

general feeling of discomfort or illness

161
Q

malignant

A

severe & progressively worsening
cancer: ability to spread to other parts of teh body & invade and destroy tissue

162
Q

medication guide (MedGuide)

A

handout that provides drug-specific information to help the patient avoid serious adverse events

163
Q

melasma

A

skin pigmentation, usually appearing as dark spots on the cheeks of the face

164
Q

menorrhagia

A

heavy menstrual bleeding

165
Q

metatarsophalangeal joint

A

big toe joint

166
Q

morbidity

A

illness or disease

167
Q

mortality

A

death

168
Q

mucositis

A

inflammation or ulceration of the mucous membranes in the digestive tract (often in the mouth)

169
Q

myalgia

A

muscle pain

170
Q

mydriasis

A

pupil dilation

171
Q

myelosuppression

A

decreased bone marrow activity resulting in low WBCs, RBCs & platelets

172
Q

myocardial infarction

A

heart attack

173
Q

myocarditis

A

inflammation of the myocardium (heart muscle)

174
Q

myoclonus

A

involuntary and abnormal muscle contractions

175
Q

myopathy

A

muscle weakness or any muscle disease

176
Q

necrosis

A

cell or tissue death

177
Q

nephrolithiasis

A

formation of kidney stones

178
Q

nephrotoxicity

A

kidney (renal) toxicity or damage

179
Q

neuropathy

A

nerve damage

180
Q

nosocomial

A

originating in a hospital

181
Q

nystagmus

A

repetitive, uncontrolled movements of the eye

182
Q

oligohidrosis

A

reduced sweat production (hypohidrosis)

183
Q

orthopnea

A

shortness of breath when lying flat

184
Q

orthostasis

A

drop in blood pressure that happens soon after standing

185
Q

osteomalacia

A

softening of the bones

186
Q

osteomyelitis

A

infection inside the bone

187
Q

osteoporosis

A

low bone mass (density) resulting in porous & brittle bones

188
Q

otalgia

A

ear pain

189
Q

otorrhea

A

drainage of liquid from the ear

190
Q

ototoxicity

A

ear damage

191
Q

palliative care

A

medical (for comfort) care to improve the quality of life and provide symptom relief in patients with a serious, life-threatening or terminal illness, but doesn’t cure the disease

192
Q

pallor

A

pale skin color

193
Q

parasomnia

A

unusual, odd, or dangerous behavior occurring during sleep

194
Q

paresthesia

A

burning, prickling or “pins and needles” sensation

195
Q

peak level

A

highest concentration of a drug in the bloodstream

196
Q

pediculosis

A

lice infestation

197
Q

pegylation

A

addition of polyethylene glycol (PEG) to a molecule

198
Q

perinatal

A

time immediately before & after birth

199
Q

peripheral line

A

short catheter inserted into a peripheral vein, usually in the hand or the lowest part of the arm or foot, to administer intravenous medications & fluids

200
Q

peripherally inserted central line (PICC)

A

central line inserted peripherally (in a vein in the arm) & advanced through the vein until the tip reaches a large vessel (often the superior vena cava)

201
Q

peripheral neuropathy

A

peripheral weakness, numbness & pain from nerve damage

202
Q

peristalsis

A

wave-like muscle movements of the GI tract that help digest food & push the contents forward

203
Q

pharmacodynamics

A

effect that a drug has on the body

204
Q

pharmacokinetics

A

effect that the body has on a drug as it goes through the process of absorption, distribution, metabolism & excretion

205
Q

pharyngitis

A

inflammation of the pharynx resulting in a sore throat

206
Q

phenotype

A

observable trait (e.g. hair color) that is the outward expression of a person’s genotype

207
Q

phlebitis

A

inflammation of a vein

208
Q

photosensitivity

A

oversensitivity of the skin to light

209
Q

pleural effusion

A

fluid between the layers of the pleura, the thin membranes that line outside of the lungs

210
Q

pneumonia

A

infection that inflames one or both lungs

211
Q

polydipsia

A

extreme thirst

212
Q

polyp

A

abnormal growth of tissue projecting from a mucous membrane

213
Q

polyphagia

A

excessive hunger or increased appetite

214
Q

polyuria

A

excessive urination

215
Q

porphyria

A

group of disorders (commonly affecting the skin & nervous system) resulting from abnormalities in heme (an oxygen transporter) production & a subsequent increase in the formation of intermediate chemicals (porphyrins)

216
Q

postprandial

A

after a meal

217
Q

preeclampsia

A

serious, potentially fatal complication of pregnancy characterized by high blood pressure, protein in the urine & peripheral edema

218
Q

preprandial

A

before a meal

219
Q

priapism

A

prolonged, often painful, erection of the penis

220
Q

prophylaxis

A

prevention (e,g. of a disease)

221
Q

pruritus

A

itchy skin

222
Q

pulse oximetry

A

noninvasive test that measures the level of oxygen in the blood (also called oxygen saturation)

223
Q

purulent

A

consisting of, containing, or discharging pus

224
Q

pyelonephritis

A

type of UTI where one or both kidneys become infected

225
Q

pyrexia

A

fever

226
Q

rales

A

abnormal rattling or cracking sound heard when examining the lungs with a stethoscope

227
Q

rhonchi

A

continuous, deep rattling sounds (that resemble snoring) heard when examining the lungs with a stethoscope

228
Q

risk evaluation & mitigation strategy (REMS)

A

drug safety program required by the FDA for some medications with serious safety concerns to ensure the benefits of the medications outweigh the risks

229
Q

retrograde ejaculation

A

semen enters the bladder instead of exiting through the penis during orgasm

230
Q

rhabdomyolysis

A

condition where skeletal muscle breaks down, releasing creatinine phosphokinase (CPK), myoglobin & other muscle components into the blood; can lead to kidney failure

231
Q

rhinitis

A

inflammation & swelling in the nose

232
Q

rhinorrhea

A

runny dose, with a thin mucus nasal discharge

233
Q

rigidity

A

stiffness or an inability to bend

234
Q

rigor

A

sudden feeling of cold with shivering accompanied by a rise in temperature

235
Q

scabies

A

infestation of the skin by an itchy, contagious mite (Sarcoptes scabiei)

236
Q

sepsis

A

life-threatening immune response to infection that can lead to tissue damage, organ dysfunction & death

237
Q

septicemia/bacteremia/blood poisoning

A

severe bloodstream infection

238
Q

shock

A

medical emergency (with high mortality), most often characterized by severe hypotension & hypoperfusion of vital organs

239
Q

sialorrhea

A

excessive salivation or drooling

240
Q

sinusitis

A

inflammation of the sinuses (hollow areas of the skull around the nose)

241
Q

somnambulism

A

sleepwalking

242
Q

somnolence

A

sleepiness or drowsiness

243
Q

spirometry

A

pulmonary function test that measures the volume of air someone can inhale, the volume they can exhale and how fast they can exhale

244
Q

steatorrhea

A

excess fat in the feces due to decreased intestinal fat absorption

245
Q

steatosis

A

abnormal fat accumulation

246
Q

stenosis

A

narrowing of a body space

247
Q

Steven-Johnson Syndrome/Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (SJS/TEN)

A

severe systemic reaction that causes rash, blisters & peeling of the skin and the mucus membranes of the mouth airways, eyes & genitalia

248
Q

stomatitis

A

inflammation and/or ulceration of the mouth

249
Q

striae

A

stretch marks on the skin

250
Q

stricture

A

abnormal narrowing of a body passage

251
Q

subtherapeutic

A

lower than what is considered to be safe & effective (e.g. drug level, dose, laboratory values)

252
Q

supratherapeutic

A

above what is considered to be safe & effective (e.g. drug level, dose, laboratory values)

253
Q

syncope

A

temporary loss of consciousness caused by a drop in blood pressure and blood flow to the brain (fainting)

254
Q

synergy

A

when the combined effect is greater than the sum of the parts

255
Q

systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)

A

autoimmune condition that causes inflammation & tissue damage in many parts of the body including the joints, skin, brain, lungs, kidney & heart (lupus)

256
Q

tachycardia

A

fast heart rate (>100 bpm)

257
Q

tachyphylaxis

A

diminished response to successive doses of a drug

258
Q

tardive dyskinesia

A

uncontrollable, involuntary, repetitive movements of the face (most common) & other body parts

259
Q

teratogenic

A

drug that will cause birth defects if taken during pregnancy

260
Q

thrombocytopenia

A

low platelet count

261
Q

thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP)

A

serious blood disorder that causes blood clots (thrombosis from platelet clumping) to form in small blood vessels throughout the body. this leads to a low platelet count and subsequent bleeding under the skin which appears as purple bruises (purpura)

262
Q

thrush

A

yeast infection characterized by white patches in the mouth and/or throat caused by Candida albicans

263
Q

tinnitus

A

ringing or buzzing in the ears

264
Q

Torsades de Pointes (TdP)

A

life-threatening type of ventricular tachycardia characterized by changes in the QRS complexes & a prolonged QT interval

265
Q

transient ischemic attack (TIA)

A

temporary blockage of blood flow to the brain that causes symptoms of a stroke that resolve within a short period of time (mini-stroke)

266
Q

trough level

A

lowest concentration of a drug in the bloodstream or the concentration measured immediately before the next dose

267
Q

unilateral

A

on one side of the body

268
Q

uremia

A

buildup of urea (nitrogen waste product normally eliminated by the kidneys) in the blood (azotemia)

269
Q

urethra

A

tube that carries urine from the bladder out of the body. it runs through the penis in males & the vaginal opening in females

270
Q

ureter

A

tubes that run from each kidney into the bladder, delivering the “renal filtrate” that will be excreted as urine

271
Q

urolithiasis

A

formation of stone in the kidney, urethra, bladder or ureters

272
Q

urticaria

A

raised, itchy areas of skin (hives)

273
Q

vesicant

A

drug that can cause severe tissue damage or blistering

274
Q

xerophthalmia

A

extreme dryness of the eyes (conjunctiva & cornea)

275
Q

xerostomia

A

severe dry mouth caused by decreased saliva

NAPLEX (9 decks)

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