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Anatomy & Physiology > Medical Terminology Unit 8 > Flashcards

Medical Terminology Unit 8 Flashcards

1
Q

Neutrophil

A

60-70% of all WBC’s in blood. Powerful phagocytes, increased in bacterial infections and inflammation.

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2
Q

Lymphocyte

A

20-25% of all WBC’s in blood. Increased in viral infections.

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3
Q

Monocyte

A

3-8% of all WBC’s in blood. Differentiate into macrophages (phagocytes) present in chronic inflammation.

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4
Q

Eosinophil

A

2-4% of all WBC’s in blood. Allergic reactions, parasitic infections.

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5
Q

Basophil

A

0.5-1% of all WBC’s in blood. Function is poorly understood, increased in chronic inflammation.

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6
Q

ana-

A

up, towards, or against

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7
Q

angi/o

A

blood vessel

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8
Q

vascul/o

A

blood vessel

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9
Q

vas/o

A

blood vessel

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10
Q

apher/o

A

withdrawal

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11
Q

aort/o

A

aorta

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12
Q

arteri/o

A

artery

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13
Q

ather/o

A

plaque, fatty substance, narrowing

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14
Q

atri/o

A

atrium, upper chamber of the heart

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15
Q

brady-

A

slow

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16
Q

cardi/o

A

heart

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17
Q

coron/o

A

heart

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18
Q

-cardia

A

heart condition

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19
Q

cerebr/o

A

cerebrum

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20
Q

coagul/o

A

coagulation, clotting

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21
Q

cyan/o

A

blue

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22
Q

cyt/o

A

cells, increase in cells

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23
Q

-ectasis

A

a dilation or expansion

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24
Q

embol/o

A

blockage, obstruction, plug, embolus

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25
Q

emia

A

blood condition

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26
Q

erythr/o

A

red

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27
Q

-globin

A

protein

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28
Q

hemat/o

A

blood

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29
Q

hem/o

A

blood

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30
Q

immun/o

A

immunity, immune

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31
Q

isch/o

A

hold back, block

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32
Q

leuk/o

A

white

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33
Q

lymph/o

A

lymphatic system/tissue

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34
Q

-lysis

A

separation, destruction, loosening

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35
Q

-megaly

A

enlargement

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36
Q

myel/o

A

muscle

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37
Q

my/o

A

muscle

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38
Q

-ole

A

small, minute

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39
Q

-ule

A

small, minute

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40
Q

-oma

A

tumor

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41
Q

path/o

A

disease

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42
Q

-pathy

A

disease

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43
Q

pector/o

A

chest

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44
Q

-penia

A

deficiency

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45
Q

perfus/o

A

blood flow

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46
Q

-phagia

A

swallowing, eating

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47
Q

-phil

A

love, affinity for

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48
Q

-phylaxis

A

protection

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49
Q

phleb/o

A

vein

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50
Q

ven/o

A

vein

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51
Q

-poiesis

A

blood formation

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52
Q

pulmon/o

A

lungs

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53
Q

-rrhage

A

excessive flow

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54
Q

-rraphy

A

suture

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55
Q

rrhythm/o

A

rhythm

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56
Q

scler/o

A

hardening

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57
Q

-scopy

A

process of looking

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58
Q

sept/o

A

septum

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59
Q

septic/o

A

infected, decay

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60
Q

-spasm

A

involuntary contraction

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61
Q

splen/o

A

spleen

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62
Q

-static

A

lack of movement

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63
Q

tachy-

A

fast

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64
Q

thromb/o

A

clot; thrombus - blood clot

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65
Q

thym/o

A

thymus

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66
Q

tonsil/o

A

tonsil

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67
Q

valvul/o

A

valve

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68
Q

varic/o

A

dilated vein

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69
Q

vas/o

A

vessel

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70
Q

ventricul/o

A

ventricle, lower chamber of the heart

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71
Q

vol/o

A

volume

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72
Q

AIDS

A

a disease in which there is a severe loss of the body’s cellular immunity, greatly lowering the resistance to infection and malignancy

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73
Q

anaphylaxis

A

life threatening immune response to foreign substance that causes rapid inflammation, vasodilation, and bronchospasms

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74
Q

aneurysm

A

widening and ballooning of the blood vessel, weaking the blood vessel wall

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75
Q

angina pectoris

A

chest pain

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76
Q

anemia

A

pathological reduction of RBC characterized by patient weakness and fatigue

77
Q

aplastic anemia

A

RBC’s not being formed in sufficient quantities

78
Q

hemolytic anemia

A

destruction of RBC

79
Q

iron deficiency anemia

A

inadequate iron intake

80
Q

pernicious anemia

A

vitamin B deficiency affecting RBC production

81
Q

Sickle cell Anemia

A

misshaped RBC’s causing obstructions

82
Q

Antibody

A

substance produced by body due to presence of an antigen

83
Q

antigen

A

substance that causes the body to produce antibodies

84
Q

aortic regurgitation

A

backflow of blood from the aorta into the heart; caused by weak heart valve

85
Q

atrial fibrilliation

A

quivering or spontaneous contraction of the atrium.

86
Q

atrial septatl defect

A

flaw in the atrial septum

87
Q

autoimmune disease

A

disease caused by the immune system attacking healthy tissue.

88
Q

cardiac arrest

A

cessation of circulation

89
Q

congestive cardiomyopathy

A

heart cavity unable to pump all blood out of it, heart wall becomes stretched causing weak/slow pumping of blood.

90
Q

coronary artery bypass graft

A

borrowed piece of blood vessel to bypass narrowed or blocked coronary artery and improve blood supply to the heart

91
Q

coronary artery disease

A

an abnormal condition that may affect the heart’s coronary arteries and circulation which can cause damage to the tissue.

92
Q

Deep vein thrombosis

A

formation of blood clot located in the deeper veins of the body, usually the lower extremity

93
Q

ecchymosis

A

discoloration of the skin caused by bruising

94
Q

embolus

A

any form of matter that begins to form in circulation (air bubble, blood clot, and/or plaques)

95
Q

Epstein-Barr virus

A

virus that causes mononucleosis

96
Q

hemophilia

A

inability for the blood to clot due to a hereditary lack of blodd clotting factors.

97
Q

hemorrhage

A

blood loss from a ruptured blood vessel.

98
Q

Hodgkin lymphoma

A

a type of cancer affecting the lymphatic system involving uncontrolled growth of lymphocytes.

99
Q

hypertension

A

abnormally high blood pressure

100
Q

Holter monitor

A

a small portable device worn by a patient during normal activity to obtain a record of cardiac arrhythmia.

101
Q

human immunodeficiency virus

A

a virus that attacks the immune system and suppresses the immune response which then progresses into AIDS

102
Q

immunocompromised

A

having an impaired immune system that does not respond normally or completely to a pathogen or disease.

103
Q

ischemia

A

reduced blood flow

104
Q

leukemia

A

cancer of the blood or bone marrow, characterized by abnormal increase of white blood cells.

105
Q

lymphedema

A

swelling caused by accumulation of lymph, usually in the extremities.

106
Q

malaise

A

vague feeling of bodily discomfort which may be first indication of infection or disease.

107
Q

measles

A

a viral infection causing a red, blotchy rash; can be fatal in small children.

108
Q

mononucleosis

A

a disease caused by the Epstein-Barr virus, transmitted through saliva and characterized by fatigue, rash, and swollen glands.

109
Q

mumps

A

a viral infection that affects the salivary glands

110
Q

murmur

A

abnormal heart sound due to inability of heart valves to close completely during contractions.

111
Q

myocardial infarction

A

heart attack, death of heart muscle tissue

112
Q

occlusion

A

closing or blockage of a package

113
Q

palpitation

A

an abnormal rapid or irregular beating of the heart

114
Q

pancytopenia

A

deficiency of all cellular components of the blood

115
Q

pericardial effusion

A

extra fluid collecting between the heart and pericardium causing pressure on the heart

116
Q

petechiae

A

small bruising of the skin

117
Q

polycythemia

A

abnormal increase of red blood cells which risk clots

118
Q

pulmonary circulation

A

circulation of blood from heart to lungs

119
Q

rubella

A

a viral infection causing a distinctive red rash and fever

120
Q

rheumatic heart disease

A

a streptococcal infection that causes damage to the valves and heart muscles

121
Q

systemic circulation

A

circulation of blood from heart to entire body

122
Q

ventricular septal defect

A

flaw in the septum between the ventricles

123
Q

anastomosis

A

surgical procedure that connects multiple blood vessels

124
Q

angioplasty

A

surgical repair or unblocking of a blood vessel, especially with the coronary artery.

125
Q

antianginal

A

medication used to relive chest pain, treats angina pectoris symptoms

126
Q

blood pressure

A

force exerted by blood on the wall of blood vessels

127
Q

bruit

A

a soft-blowing sound caused by turbulent blood flow

128
Q

cardiac catheterization

A

procedure that temporary circulates or oxygenates a patient’s blood during open heart surgery.

129
Q

cardiotonic

A

medication that increases the strength of the heart contractions.

130
Q

cardiopulmonary resuscitation

A

basic life support CPR

131
Q

cardioversion

A

returning the heart to normal cardiac rhythm by delivering a brief electrical discharge across the chest.

132
Q

coronary circulation

A

circulation of blood from the heart to itself via the coronary arteries

133
Q

diastolic pressure

A

pressure exerted on blood vessels when the heart is relaxed (filling with blood.)

134
Q

stress electrocardiogram

A

image of the heart produced by soundwaves while a patient increases physical stress during exercise

135
Q

hematocrit

A

test to separate blood to determine the ration of red blood cells to blood plasma.

136
Q

hematopoiesis

A

production of blood cells within bone marrow

137
Q

hemoglobin

A

iron and protein structure found within red blood cells that bind to oxygen molecules and give the cell a red pigment.

138
Q

percutaneous coronary intervention

A

alternative treatment for coronary artery that passes instruments up a patient’s blood vessel into the heart, also known as an angioplasty.

139
Q

sclerotherapy

A

chemical injection into varicose vein that cause inflammation and forms a fibrous tissue which closes the vein

140
Q

sphygmomanometer

A

equipment used to measure blood pressure

141
Q

systolic pressure

A

pressure exerted on blood vessels when the heart is contracted

142
Q

transfusion

A

infusion of blood from another source into a patient.

143
Q

troponin 1 test

A

a blood test that measures a protein that is released into the blood by damaged heart muscle.

144
Q

vasoconstrictor

A

drug that narrows the diameter of a blood vessel; increases blood pressure

145
Q

vasopressor

A

drug that narrows the diameter of a blood vessel; increases blood pressure

146
Q

vasodilator

A

drug that causes an expansion of a blood vessel; decreases blood pressure.

147
Q

AA

A

abdominal aortic aneurysm

148
Q

A-Fib

A

atrial fibrillation

149
Q

AV

A

atrioventricular

150
Q

AIDS

A

acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

151
Q

AED

A

automatic external defibrillator

152
Q

ALL

A

acute lymphobastic leukemia

153
Q

AML

A

acute myeloid leukemia

154
Q

ASD

A

atrial septal defect

155
Q

BMT

A

bone marrow transplant

156
Q

CA

A

cardiac arrest

157
Q

CABG

A

coronary artery bypass graft

158
Q

CAD

A

coronary artery disease

159
Q

CC

A

cardiac catheterization

160
Q

CHF

A

congestive heart failure

161
Q

CML

A

chronic myeloid leukemia

162
Q

CO

A

cardia output

163
Q

DVT

A

deep vein thrombosis

164
Q

ECHO

A

echocardiogram

165
Q

EKG

A

electrocardiogram

166
Q

Hct

A

hematocit

167
Q

Hgb

A

hemoglobin

168
Q

HIV

A

human immunodeficiency virus

169
Q

HR

A

heart rate

170
Q

IVIG

A

intravenous immunoglobin

171
Q

IVC

A

inferior vena cava

172
Q

IVS

A

interventricular septum

173
Q

LA

A

left atrium

174
Q

LV

A

left ventricle

175
Q

MI

A

myocaridal infarction

176
Q

MVP

A

mitral valve prolapse

177
Q

NSR

A

normal sinus rhythm

178
Q

PCI

A

percutaneous coronary intervention

179
Q

PLT

A

platelet count

180
Q

RA

A

right atrium

181
Q

RBC

A

red blood cell

182
Q

RV

A

right ventricle

183
Q

SA

A

sinoatrial

184
Q

SV

A

stroke volume

185
Q

SVC

A

superior vena cava

186
Q

TEE

A

transesophageal echocardiogram

187
Q

VSD

A

ventricular septal defect

188
Q

WBC

A

white blood cell

Anatomy & Physiology (15 decks)

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