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Anatomy & Physiology > Medical Terminology Unit 7 - Abbreviations, Hormones, Diseases > Flashcards

Medical Terminology Unit 7 - Abbreviations, Hormones, Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

acromegaly

A

abnormal enlargement of the extremities caused by an excess of growth hormone after the growth plates have closed.

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2
Q

adrenal virilism

A

excessive production of adrenal androgens causing development of male characteristics

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3
Q

amenorrhea

A

lack of menstrual flow

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4
Q

diabetes insipidus

A

a condition causing polyuria due to hyposecretion of or resistance to antidiuretic hormone.

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5
Q

dwarfism

A

caused by hyposecretion of growth hormone

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6
Q

gigantism

A

caused by hypersecretion of growth hormone before growth plates close

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7
Q

diabetes mellitus

A

metabolic disease characterized by excessive urination and hyperglycemia

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8
Q

diabetic ketoacidosis

A

acidity of the blood caused by the presence of ketone bodies produced when the body is unable to utilize sugar, and thus, must burn fat for energy.

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9
Q

dysmetabolic syndrome

A

combination of medical disorders associated with faulty metabolism

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10
Q

exophthalmos

A

protrusion of the eyes out of the eye socket (bulging eyes)

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11
Q

galactorrhea

A

discharge of milk

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12
Q

goiter

A

thyromegaly, enlargement of the thyroid gland, thyrocele

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13
Q

Graves’ Disease

A

thyrotoxicosis, autoimmune hyperparathyroidism characterized by exophthalmos

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14
Q

gynecomastia

A

development of breast tissue in males

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15
Q

Hashimoto thyroiditis

A

autoimmune condition that attacks the thyroid gland. It is the number one cause of hypothyroidism in the United States

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16
Q

hirsutism

A

excessive growth of facial and body hair in women

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17
Q

insulinoma

A

tumor that secretes insulin (found in the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas)

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18
Q

menarche

A

beginning of first menstruation

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19
Q

myxedema

A

advanced hypothyroidism in adults causing edema (swelling) under the skin

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20
Q

pancreatic pseudocyst

A

abnormally expanded area in the pancreas resembling a cyst

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21
Q

pituitary dwarfism

A

abnormally short height caused by hyposecretion of growth hormone from the pituitary gland.

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22
Q

pituitary gigantism

A

abnormally tall height caused by hypersecretion of growth hormone from the pituitary gland

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23
Q

pituitary infarction or pituitary apoplexy

A

death of pituitary gland tissue usually due to hemorrhaging and associated with a pituitary tumor

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24
Q

polydipsia

A

excessive thirst

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25
Q

polyphagia

A

excessive eating

26
Q

thelarche

A

the beginning of breast development

27
Q

continuous glucose monitor

A

a compact device that regularly monitors glucose levels in the blood

28
Q

continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion

A

continuous injection of insulin into the blood from a pump worn by the patient

29
Q

endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography

A

procedure used to examine the ducts of the pancreas and gall bladder in which an endoscope is passed backward from the digestive tract into the bile duct

30
Q

glucosuria

A

diagnostic finding of glucose in the urine. This is usually a sign of uncontrolled diabetes mellitus

31
Q

glycemic index

A

ranking of food based on the way it affects sugar levels in the blood

32
Q

laparoscopic adrenalectomy

A

removal of an adrenal gland by means of a laparoscope (an instrument inserted into the abdomen for viewing)

33
Q

radioactive iodine uptake test

A

imaging procedure that measures levels of radioactivity in the thyroid after administration of radioactive iodine either orally or intravenously

34
Q

ACTH

A

adrenocorticotropic hormone

35
Q

ADH

A

antidiuretic hormone

36
Q

BG

A

blood glucose

37
Q

BS

A

blood sugar

38
Q

CSII

A

continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion

39
Q

CGM

A

continuous glucose monitor

40
Q

DI

A

diabetes insipidus

41
Q

DM

A

diabetes mellitus

42
Q

GDM

A

gestational diabetes mellitus

43
Q

ERCP

A

endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography

44
Q

FBS

A

fasting blood sugar

45
Q

GH

A

growth hormone

46
Q

GTT

A

glucose tolerance test

47
Q

HgAiC

A

hemoglobin A1C test (used by diabetes patients to monitor blood sugar levels)

48
Q

HRT

A

hormone replacement therapy

49
Q

IDDM, T1

A

insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (type 1)

50
Q

NIDDM, T2

A

noninsulin dependent diabetes mellitus (type 2)

51
Q

PTH

A

parathyroid hormone

52
Q

RAIU

A

radioactive iodine uptake test

53
Q

T3

A

triiodothyronine

54
Q

T4

A

thyroxine or tetraiodothyronine

55
Q

TFT

A

thyroid function test

56
Q

TSH

A

thyroid stimulating hormone (thyrotropin)

57
Q

oxytocin

A

made in the hypothalamus/neurohypophysis (posterior pituitary), target is the uterus, mammary glands, and brain cells. Action: stimulates the uterus to contract during childbirth, the mammary glands to release milk, and promotes social connections.

58
Q

Antidiuretic hormone

A

Origin: hypothalamus/neurohypophysis (posterior pituitary). Target: kidneys. Action: stimulates the kidneys to conserve water to limit the amount released in urine

59
Q

releasing hormones

A

Origin: hypothalamus. Target: adenohypophysis (anterior pituitary). Action: stimulate adenohypophysis

60
Q

Growth Hormone

A

Origin: adenohypophysis (anterior pituitary). Target: primarily bones and muscles. Action: promotes growth

Anatomy & Physiology (15 decks)

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