Medical Terminology (P-Z) Flashcards
P50
hemoglobin P50, the partial pressure of oxygen where hemoglobin is 50% saturated with oxygen, normally about 27mmHg
PA
pulmonary artery
PAC
premature atrial contraction
PaO2
the partial pressure exerted by O2 dissolved in arterial (a) plasma and RBC water, (in the venous blood- PvO2)
PFO
patent foramen ovale
PaCO2
the partial pressure exerted by CO2 dissolved in arterial (a) plasma and RBC water, (in venous blood- PvCO2)
palliative
to relieve the symptoms of without fixing or repairing the underlying condition
partial pressure
the pressure exerted by a gas dissolved in plasma and RBC water, for example PO2 is the partial pressure exerted by dissolved oxygen
pCO2
The partial pressure (tension) exerted by CO2 in mmHg. The respiratory component. CO2 is produced by metabolism and carried by the blood to the lungs where it diffuses into the alveoli and is eliminated by exhaled breath. The amount of CO2 dissolved in the blood is measured by the partial pressure it exerts and is reported in mmHg. When CO2 dissolves in H20 it combines to form H2CO2 the most important acid in the body. The [H2CO2] is directly proportional to the CO2 dissolved in the blood (paCO2) and the paCO@ is component of the acid-base balance. As w. pH, the body maintains the pCO2 within strict limits. THe normal pCO2 is 35-45 mmHg with a mean of 40 mmHg
PCWP
pulmonary capillary wedge pressure
PDA
- patent ductus arteriosus
2. posterior descending artery
PE
- pulmonary embolus
- pulmonary edema
- peripheral edema
PTCA
percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty; compression of an athromatous lesion by inflating an intracoronary balloon catheter to dilate the vessel
PERLA
pupils equal and reactive to light and accomodation
perfusion
- flowing over or through
- blood flow through the organs and tissue of the body
- the profession of the study and implementation of blood flow through an extracorporeal circuit for life support
perfusion scan
a test to determine the status of blood flow to an organ
perfusion balloon angioplasty
a variation of PTCA in which a catheter is inserted in the artery that permits blood flow during balloon inflation
perfusionist
see perfusion technologist
perfusion technologist
perfusionist; the health professional educated to operate the heart lung machine and other life support devices
peri-
surrounding, around
pericardium
the tough non-elastic membrane surrounding the heart that attached to the great vessels and other anatomical structures in the mediastinum
pericarditis
inflammation of the pericardium
pH
the inverse log of the hydrogen ion activity; a measure of hte alkalinity or acidity of hte blood or solution on a 14 point scale with 1 being acidic and 14 being alkaline. The body normally maintains the [H+] and therefore the pH within very strict limits. Normal pH is 7.35-7.45 with a mean of 7.40
pH2O
water vapor pressure, the partial pressure exerted by the presence of water vapor
phagocyte
a while blood cell that engulfs and destroys foreign organisms and debris in the blood
pharmacologic stress test
a test of heart function during intentional drug-induced stress
pH stat
ventilation scheme where the total CO2 increases as the temperature falls and the temperature corrected ABG appears normal. So called because the temperature-corrected, actual blood pH equals 7.40 during all temperatures of CPB.
PI
pulmonary insufficiency
PICU
pediatric intensive care unit
PJC
premature junctional contractions
pK
a constant that describes the rate or degree to which a chemical reaction goes to completion, depending on temperature and pH
plasma free hemoglobin
hemoglobin released from dying or damaged RBCs
plasma
the acellular, colorless liquid portion of the blood
plasmin
the substance found in the blood that digests fibrin resulting in a clot dissolution
plasminogen
the precursor to plasmin that is activated by tissue plasminogen activator (TPA)
platelet
thrombocyte
PND
paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
pO2
partial pressure of oxygen; oxygen is used by the body as a metabolic substrate to produce energy. A constant supply of oxygen is needed to maintain living tissue. 21% of the air we breath is oxygen and at sea level it exerts a pO2 of ~159mmHg. The air is taken into lungs with each inhalation and moved into the alveoli where the pO2 is ~100mmHg. The O2 diffuses into the blood and dissolves in teh plasma where it exerts a pO2 of ~95mmHg. In normal arterial blood with a pO2 of ~95mmHg the blood is ~98% saturated with oxygen. THe oxygen is carried to the tissue by the blood and by the time the venous blood returns to the lungs it has a pO2 of ~40 mmHG and is ~75% saturated. The paO2 is assessed on the ABG to provide a measure of the arterial oxygenation.
poikilothermic
cold blooded; heterothermic; animals whose body temperature changes with the environment.
polycythemia
a serious condition characterized by too many RBCs in the circulation
pooled platelets
platelets collected from multiple donors and mixed together for use in transfusion
post-MI angina
angina occurring from 1 to 60 days after an acute MI
PR interval
ECG PR segment, interval of time between the P wave and the R wave on the ECG
prime (pump)
- to fill the extracorporeal circuit with fluid
- the fluid that is required to initially fill and debubble the extracorporeal circuit before connection to the patient’s vascular system
prinzmetal’s angina
variant angina, a clinical syndrome of rest pain and resersible ST-segment elevation without subsequent enzyme evidence of acute MI. In some patients the cause of this syndrome appears to be coronary vasospasm alone of ten at the site of an insignificant coronary plaque, btu a majority of patients with variant angina have angiographically significant CAD
PS
pulmonary valvular stenosis
PT
prothrombin time, protime
PTCA
percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty
PTT
partial thromboplastin time
pulmonary
referring to the lung or the bicuspid valve separating the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery to prevent back flow into the ventricular during diastole
pulmonary edema
condition, usually acute, but sometime chronic, where fluid builds up in the lungs. This often occurs as a response to left ventricular failure in ischemic heart disease, hypertension, or aortic valve disease
pulmonary atresia
small or underdeveloped pulmonary valve
pulmonary insufficiency
pulmonary valvular incompetence; back flow or regurgitation of flow through the pulmonary valve during ventricular diastole
pulmonary stenosis
pulmonary valvular stenosis; narrowing of the normal area of the pulmonary valve causing a pressure drop across the valve during left ventricular systole
pump
- the blood propulsion device included in the extracorporeal circuit to replace the left ventricular function
- slang for the heart
pumptech
- slang for the technologist that is a perfusionist
- a technician that is responsible for operating heart lung machine during surgery
- a member of the “pump team”
PV
pulmonary valve
PVC
premature ventricular contraction
PVD
peripheral vascular diease
PVR
- pulmonary vascular resistance
- peripheral vascular resistance
- pulmonary valve repair
Pulmonary vascular resistance
resistance to the flow of blood through the pulmonary vascular beds
Peripheral vascular resistance
resistance to the flow of blood through the peripheral vascular beds
Pulmonary valve repair (or replacement)
open heart surgery to repair or replace a diseased pulmonary valve with a prosthesis or artificial heart valve
QIP
quality improvement process
RA
right atrium
radionuclide test
a diagnostic test in which a radioactive substance is injected into the bloodstream and the emitted radioactivity is detected by a scanner; used to visualize the heart and vessels
RBBB
right bundle branch block
RBC
red blood cell; erythrocyte
RCA
right coronary artery
renal
referring to the kidney(s)
renal failure
failure of the kidney to cleanse the blood causing the build up of waste products in the blood
respiration
the chemical processes that occur at the tissue cellular level converting oxygen and water to heat, ATP and carbon dioxide
respiratory acidosis
an abnormal physiology process in which there is a primary reduction in alveolar ventilation relative to the rate of CO2 production. Reflected by a high pCO2 and low pH. (pCO2 greater than 45 mmHg) Treat by increasing ventilation
respiratory alkalosis
an abnormal physiological process in which there is a primary increase in the rate of alveolar ventilation relative to the rate of CO2 production. reflected by the low pco2 and high pH. (pco2 less than 35 mmHg) treat by decreasing ventilation
re-stenosis
the recurrence of a stenosis
retrograte
against the normal direction of flow
revascularization
restoration, to the extent possible, of normal blood flow to the myocardium by surgical or percutaneous means or with removal or reduction of an obstruction as occurs when CABG or PTCA is performed
RH
relative humidity
Rh
rhesus monkey factor
RHD
rheumatic heart disease
RIMA
right internal mammary artery
RISC
research group on instability in coronary artery disease
Risk
high, intermediate, and low risk in this guideline refer to the probability of future adverse cardiac events, particularly death or MI
RITA
randomized intervention treatment of angina
RM
right main coronary artery
RRR
regular rate and rhythm
RV
right ventricle
RVH
right ventricular hyperthrophy
Rx
therapy or treatment
SA node
sinoatrial node
SBP
systolic blood pressure
SCOPA
south carolina organ procurement agency
sed. rate
erythrocyte sedimentation rate
SEM
systolic ejection murmur
SGOT
serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (AST)
SGPT
serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase
shock
acute peripheral circulatory failure due to derangement of circulatory control or loss of circulating fluid, marked by hypotension, coldness of skin, usually tachycardia, and often anxiety; decreased cardiac output
sinus node
bundle of excitatory tissue found in the right atrium that functions as the pacemaker of the heart
Sinus of Valsalva
the portion of the aortic root just distal to the aortic valve containing the coronary ostia
sO2
percent saturation of hemoglobin with oxygen, in the arterial blood- SaO2, in the venous blood- SvO2
solubility
the ability of a gas to dissolve into plasma and RBC water
S tach
sinus tachycardia
stenosis
a narrowing or blockage of a coronary artery
STICU
surgical trauma intensive care unit
sublingual
beneath the tongue
supraventricular arrythmia
an irregular heart beat that originates in the atria or AV node
SV
a device placed in an vessel to keep it open, coronary stent
SV
stroke volume
SVC SVC
superior vena cava
SVG
saphenous vein graft
SvO2
mixed venous oxygen saturation
SVR
systemic vascular resistance MAP-CVP/CO
SV tach
supraventricular tachycardia
systole
referring to the period of time during contraction of the ventricles
TAPVR
total anomalous pulmonary venous return
TEE
transesophageal echocardiography, a doppler echcardiographic transducer is inserted in the esophagus to visualize the lungs, heart and great vessels
technician
a person high skilled in a certain field or process
technologist
a person who applies scientific knowledge in a specialized field or process
temperature correction
the mathematical process to correct for the physicial changes the pH, pO2, pCO2 go through when a blood sample is warmed or cooled in vitro during analysis.
tetrology of fallot (TOF)
congential heart condition characterized by: 1. over riding aorta 2. VSD 3. RV outflow tract obstruction and 3. PDA, if asd is present the condition is called a “pentology of fallot”
TGA
transposition of the great arteries
thebesian veins
the small veins termination into the right sided chambers of the heart draining the right coronary circulation of the heart
thrombocytopenia
abnormal decrease in number of the blood platelets
thrombocyte
platelet; the small, disc shaped enucleated body found in the blood that initiates the coagulation process
thrombolytic therapy
pharmacologic treatment with a class of drugs that can break up fibrin blood clots
thrombus
blood clot, blood that has gone from a liquid state to a gel to stop bleeding
tricuspid atresia
small or underdeveloped tricuspid valve
TI
tricuspid insufficiency
TM
thrombolysis in myocardial infarction
TIA
transient ischemic attack
TOF
tetrology of fallot
total CO2 content
consists of hco3-, h2co3 and dissolved co2 (pco2). since co2 and h2co3 are interchangable total co2= dissolved co2 gas +hco3- or total co2 = hco3- + (0.03 *pco2). (The co2 solubility coefficient, 0.03, converts pco2 in mm/L to meq/L) in normal plasma, more than 95% of the total co2 is contributed by hco3-, the other 5% by dissolved co2 and h2co3
TPA
tissue plasminogen activator; a substance that converts plasminogen to plasmin to dissolve clot
TR
tricuspid regurgitation
trans-
across or through
transcutaneous
through the skin
transfusion
the injection of whole blood of blood products into the blood stream
transvenous pacemaker
cardiac pacemaker using a pacing electrode or wire passed through a vein into the chambers of the heart that stimulates and maintains a normal heart rate; may be permanent or temporary
triage
screening and classification of sick, wounded, or injured persons to determine priority of need and proper place of treatment
tricuspid valve
the valve between the right atrium and the right ventricle
TS
tricuspid stenosis; stenosis of the tricuspid valve
tunica
in anatomy, a general term for a membrane or other structure covering or lining a body part or organ
t. adventitia the outer coat of various tubular structures including blood vessels
t. initima- the innermost coat of a blood vessel
t. media the middle coat of a blood vessel
TV
tricuspid valve
UAC
umbilical artery catheter
UO
urine output
ultrafiltration
the separation of fluid and electrolytes from the blood be seiving across a porous membrane
unstable angina
angina or chest pain that occurs at rest, new onset of pain with exertion, or pain that has accelerated (more frequent, longer in duration, or lower inthreshold)
VA
veterans administration
VAD
ventricular assist device; a blood propulsion devices or ECCS to assist the failing right or left ventricles
valvuloplasty
surgical repair of a cardiac valve
valvulotomy
to make an incision into a diseased and stenosed cardiac valve to increase the valve area
variant angina
prinzmetal’s angina, a clinical syndrome of rest pain and reversible St-segment elevation without subsequent enzyme evidence of acute MI. In some patients, the cause of this syndrome appears to be coronary vasospasm alone often at the site of an insignificant coronary plaque, but a majority of patients with variant angina have angiographically significant CAD
vaso vasorum
the small blood vessels providing nutrient blood flow to large arteries and veins
vascular
pertaining to blood vessels or indicative of a copious blood supply
vasoconstrict
the arterioles decrease in diameter restricting blood flow to an organ or portion of the body
vasodilate
the arterioles increase in diameter allowing more blood flow
vein
a blood vessel that carries blood toward the heart; veins usually carry deoxygenated blood
vena cava(e)
the large vein(s) collecting the venous return from the head, neck and shoulders (superior vena cava) and the legs and gut (IVC) draining into the right atrium of the heart
ventilation
the movement of gas in and out of the lungs to facilitate blood oxygenation and co2 removal
ventricle
small cavity or chamber, as in the brain or heart right v. the lower chamber of the right side of the heart, which pumps venous blood through the pulmonary trunk and arteries to the capillaries of the lung
ventriculography
a procedure for visualization of ventricles of the heart by x-ray after injection of a radio opaque contrast dye
V-fib
ventricular fibrillation
von willebrand disease
coagulation disorder caused by lack of or non functional von willebrand factor
VSD
ventricular septal defect
v tach
ventricular tachycardia
VWF
von willbrand factor
WBC
white blood cell(s), leukocyte(s); neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes
WNL
within normal limits
XC
cross clamp
xenograft
tissue taken from another species, treated and implanted
Y connector
bifurcation junction resembling alphabet “Y” used for dividing or merging the flow through two pieces of tubing
cenesis
puncture of aspirate
desis
fusion
ectomy
surgical excision of (removal)
lysis
freeing of
orrhaphy
repair of
oscopy
examination of an organ by viewing
otomy
cutting into an organ by viewing
otomy
cutting into an organ or tissue
pexy
to fix or suture in place
plasty
restoration of a lost part or piece of tissue
ante
before
anti
against
auto
self
hyper
above
hypo
below
hetero
other
homo
same
inter
between, among
intra
within, inside
post
after
pre
before
retro
behind
