Medical Terminology (A-C) Flashcards
a
away from, opposite
AAA (triple A)
abdominal aortic aneurysm
AACP
American Academy of Cardiovascular Perfusion
A-aDO2
alveolar arterial oxygen gradient
ABCP
American Board of Cardiovascular Perfusion; national body regulating and managing certification (CCP) of perfusion technologists
abd
abdomen
ABG
arterial blood gas, a collection of pO2, pCO2, pH, BE, and HB SaO2 measurements from an arterial blood sample
ABO Blood group system
the most important of several systems for classifying human blood used in transfusion therapy
ACE
angiotension-converting enzyme
acid
a substance which can donate an H+. Large amounts are produced in the body as a byproduct of metabolism and to aid digestion. H2CO3 is a volatile acid that can be removed from the body as CO2 by the lungs. Nonvolatile acids such as lactic acid are produced in small amounts by metabolism and are removed by the kidneys. Excess acids are harmful to the body because they increase the H+ concentration which interfered with the body’s normal cellular and chemical function. THe lungs excrete approx 13,000mEq of H2CO3 in the form of CO2 per day, the kidneys eliminate 50-100mE1 of nonvolatile acids per day
acid-base balance
the maintenance of normal level of acid and base in the blood and plasma
acidemia
abnormally high level of acid in the blood, low pH
acidosis
a pathologic condition resulting from accumulation of acid in, or loss of base from the body
ACT
activated clotting time
ACTH
adrenocortiotropic hormone
acute myocardial infarction
an acute process of myocardial ischemia with sufficient severity and duration to result in permanent myocardial damage
ADP
adenosine diphosphate
adventitia
the outside coat of a tissue or structure
AF bypass
aortofemoral bypass
affinity
the force of attraction holding two elements together, such as hemoglobin affinity for oxygen
A fib
atrial fibrillation
A flt
atrial flutter
agglutination
the process of blood cells clumping together as a result of antibody interactions
AI
aortic insufficiency; aortic valvular incompetence; failure of the aortic valve to close during diastole causing back flow into the left ventricle
AICD
automatic internal cardioverter/defibrillator
AIDS
acquired immune deficiency syndrome; a serious, fatal condition in which the immune system is broken down by the HIV virus and does not respond normally to infections
AIVR
accelerate idioventricular rhythm
A-line
arterial line
alkalemia
an arterial blood pH above normal (>7.45) due to abnormally high base to acid ratio in the blood
alkalosis
a pathologic condition resulting from accumulation of base in, or loss of acid from the body
allograft
tissue graft from animal of the same species, not same genotype
alpha stat
ventilation scheme where the total CO2 remains constant as temperature falls and the non-temperature corrected ABG appears normal. So called because it keeps the alpha imidazole moiety of histadine in the alpha charge state. This promotes respiratory alkalosis (about 0.01465 pH units per oC rise; Rosenthal Correction Factor) in the CPB blood
ALT
SGPT: serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase; liver function test
alveoli
the small, sac-like structureal unit of the lung where oxygen is exchanged for carbon dioxide
AMP
adenosine monophosphate
AmSECT
American Society of Extra-Corporeal Technology; the largest professional organization representing perfusion technologists
anaphylactic shock
a severe hypersensitivity reaction to the injection or ingestion of a substance to which the organism has been previously exposed
ancrod
anticoagulant derived from Malayan pit viper venom, depletes fibrinogen
aneurysm
the abnormal dilation or out-pouching of a blood vessel or ventricle
angina pectoris
a clinical syndrome typically characterized by deep, poorly localized chest or arm discomfort that is reproducibly associated with physical exertion or emotional stress and relieved promptly by rest of sublingual NTG
angiographically significant CAD
CAD is typically judged significant at coronary angiography if there is at least 70% diameter stenosis of one or more major epicardial coronary segments or at least a 50% diameter stenosis of the left main coronary artery
antegrade
with the normal direction of flow
anti
against, or opposed to
antibody
a complex molecule produced by specialized cells in response to the presence of an antigen
anticoagulant
any agent that inhibits coagulation, see heparin, ancrod, hirudin
antigen
any substance perceived as foreign by the body that induces antibody production
anxiolytic therapy
treatment to counteract or diminish anxiety
aorta
the large single artery arising from the left ventricle carrying blood to the systemic circulation
aortic
of or pertaining to the aorta
aortic atresia
small or underdeveloped aortic valve
aortic valve
the semilunar valve separating the left ventricle form the aorta that prevents backflow of blood into the ventricle
aortotomy
a surgical incision into the aorta
apheresis
the separation or removal of a blood component or chemical to treat a disease
aPPT
activated partial thromboplastin time
AR
aortic regurgitation, aortic insufficiency (AI)
ARDS
adult respiratory distress syndrome; a disease process where the patient’s lung fail to remove sufficient carbon dioxide and provide sufficient oxygen during ventilation
ARF
acute renal failure
arrythmia
irregularity or loss of rhythm of the heartbeat
ART
arterial
arteriole
a small artery branching off of an artery giving rise to the capillary network
arteriosclerosis
the process thickening and loss of elasticity in the walls of arteries
artery
a blood vessel that caries blood away from the heart; arteries usually carry oxygenated blood
AS
aortic valvular stenosis; narrowing of the normal aortic valve area causing a pressure drop across the aortic valve during ventricular systole
ASA
aspirin
ASD
atrial septal defect
ASCVP
Australasian Society of Cardiovascular Perfusionists, represents all perfusionists in Australia and New Zealand
ASPVD
athersclerotic peripheral vascular disease
AST
SGOT: serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase; liver function test
ASV
autogenous saphenous vein
ATIII
antithrombin III, an albumin cofactor that normally binds free thrombin in the blood, heparin catalyzes the antithrombin action of ATIII 1000 times normal
atherosclerosis
a form of arteriosclerosis in which atheromas containing cholesterol, lipoid material and lipophages are formed within the intima and inner media of large and medium-sized arteries
ATN
acute tubular necrosis; ischemic damage to the tubule cells of the kidneys causing renal failure
ATP
adenosine triphosphate
atrial
of or referring to the atria
atrialization
appearing or becoming atrial like
atrium
a chamber affording entrance to another structure or organ; R atrium the upper right cardiac chamber htat receives blood from the vena cava and delivers blood to the right ventricle L atrium the upper left cardiac chamber htat receives blood from the pulmonary veins and dilvers blood to the left ventricle
ATS
autotransfusion system; an extracorporeal circuit designed to collect a patient’s shed blood during a surgical procedure and reinfuse the blood back to the patient; blood may be collected by pre-donation, intraoperative salvage or post operative wound drainage
autograft
tissue graft from self
autologous
referring to self, or tissue coming from self
autoregulation
the ability of an organ system to dilate or constrict the arterioles that enter it in order to control the blood flow to the organ to meet its metabolic needs
AV
atrioventricular; aortic valve; arterio venous
AVA
aortic valve area
AVB
atri-ventricular block
AV canal
atriventricular canal
AV node
atrioventricular node
AVG
aortic valve gradient
AVR
aortic valve replacement; open heart surgery to replace a diseased aortic valve with a prosthetic, artificial valve
base
a substance capable of accepting or binding a hydrogen ion in a chemical reaction; the biocarbonate ion (HCO3-) is the most important base in the body
base excess (BE)
a measurement of the total acid base ratio; the difference between the actual blood buffer concentration and the normal blood buffer concentration, reflects mainly the HCO3- concentration in the plasma compared with the expected concentration
BB
blood buffer, the sum of all of the plasma and RBC blood buffer systems; bicarbonate, hemoglobin, phosphate and proteins that serve to prevent changes in the pH of the blood
BBB
bundle branch block
beta blocker (beta adrenergic blocking agent)
a drug that blocks the effect of catecholamines, producing a decrease in heart rate and oxygen demand in the myocardium
bicarbonate (HCO3-)
the most common base found in the plasma and RBC
BiVAD
bi-ventricular assist device; the use of two blood propulsion devices of ECCS to assist the failing right and left ventricles
blood volume
the amount of blood circulating throughout the body in the vascular system
Blood Gas (ABG)
laboratory test that usually includes the pH, pO2, pCO2, total CO2, HCO3-, BE, Hb Saturation, HCT, and possibly the K+, Ca++ and glucose
BMR
basic metabolic rate
bohr effect
the influence of carbon dioxide on the affinity of hemoglobin to bind with oxygen, increasing the carbon dioxide level decreases the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen
BPG
bypass graft
BPM
beats per minute
bronchioles/bronchi
the tubes or airways for the lungs that lead from the trachea to the alveoli
BSA
body surface area
BSBE
breath sounds bilateral and equal
BTBV
beat to beat variability
BT Shunt
Blalock-Taussig Shunt
BQ
blood flow
buffer
a chemical system that prevents change in concentration of another chemical substance; a substance which acts in a solution to resist any change in pH in the solution when acid or base is added; the combination of strong acid and a weak conjugate base
Percentage of Buffers in Whole Blood
Hemoglobin & Oxyhemoglobin 35% Phosphate 5% Plasma Proteins 7% Total non-bicarbonate 47% Plasma Bicarbonate 35% RBC Bicarb 18% Total bicarb 53% Total buffer 100%
BUN
blood urea nitrogen
Bundle Branch Block
An ECG change characterized by an intraventricular conduction delay affecting the left ventricular wall and septum. Acute occurrences most commonly result from myocardial ischemia
BVH
biventricular hypertrophy
CABG
coronary artery bypass graft
CABRI
coronary artery bypass revascularization investigation
CAD
coronary artery diesase
calcium channel blocker
drug that blocks entry of calcium into cells and inhibits the contractility of smooth muscle, resulting in dilation of blood vessels and reduction in blood pressure
cannula(e)
tubes or catheters placed in the great vessels or cardiac chambers to allow decompression or selective propulsion of blood flow to the structure or vessel
capillaries
the smallest blood vessels in the body that connect arterioles and venules
Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
a colorless, odorless non flammable produced in respiration, and given off by the tissue of the blood
Carbonic acid (H2CO3)
a weal acid resulting from the reaction of H20 and CO2 to form H2CO3 which dissociates into H+ and HCO3-
carbonic anhydrase
an enzyme found primarily in the kidney and red blood cells that accelerates the reversible reaction of H20 and CO2 to form H2CO3-
cardiac
of or referring to the heart
cardiac mortality
death due to cardiac cause
cardiac catheterization
passage of a catheter into the heart through a blood vessel leading to the heart for the purpose of measuring intracardiac pressure abnormalities, obtaining cardiac blood samples, and/or imaging cardiac structures by injection of radio-opaque dye
cardiac output
the volume of blood displaced by the left ventricle over one minute
Cardiac Index
cardiac output normalized to body surface area or body weight
cardiogenic shock
failure to maintain blood supply to the tissues because of inadequate cardiac output, such as may be caused in myocardial infarction
cardiomegaly
hypertrophy of the heart
cardiomyopathy
a general diagnostic term designating primary myocardial disease
cardioplegia
interruption of myocardial contraction, as by use of chemical compounds or cold in cardiac surgery; a solution infused into the heart to interrupt myocardial contraction
cardiopulmonary
pertaining to the heart and lungs
cardiopulmonary bypass
use of an extracorporeal circuit to circulate blood around the heart and lungs
cardiopulmonary resuscitation
an emergency measure to maintain a person’s breathing and heartbeat when they have stopped as a result of myocardial infarction, trauma, or other disorder
cardiotomy
surgical opening of the heart; component of extracorporeal circuit serving as a reservoir for blood
carotid
referring to the large arteries in the neck carrying blood to the brain and scalp
catecholamine
any of a group of sympathomimetic amines (including dopamine, epinephrine, and norepinephrine)
cath
catheterization
CAVH
continuous arterio-venous hemofiltration
CBC
complete blood count
CCP
Certified Cardiovascular Perfusionist, the profession credential for the certified perfusion technologist
CCSC
Canadian Cardiovascular Society Classification
CCU
coronary care unit
cerebral
referring to the cerebellum or brain
CHD
congenital heart disease
CHF
congestive heart failure
cholesterol
chol, a monatomic alcohol found in animals fats and oils, bile, blood, brain tissue, milk, egg yolk, myelin sheaths of nerves, liver kidneys and adrenal glands, increased blood levels of which are a risk factor for the development of CAD
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
group of conditions in which the patient has an expiratory airflow obstruction such as chronic bronchitis or emphysema
CI
cardiac index; confidence interval
circ art
circumflex artery
CK
creatinine kinase
clot
see thrombus
CMV
cytomegalovirus
CO
cardiac output
c/o
complaining of
coag
coagulation
coar/Ao
coarctation of the aorta
colloidal osmotic pressure (COP)
the osmotic force due to the presence of proteins or other large molecular weight substances
co-morbidity
concominant but unrelated pathologic or disease process, usually used to indicated coexistence of two or more disease processes
compensation
the process where one acid base imbalance offsets another imbalance in an effort to bring the pH back within normal limits Ex. metabolic acidosis with a HCO3- concentration less than 22 mEq/L causes tachypnea causing a pCO2 less than 35mmHg (respiratory alkalosis)
congestive heart failure
failure of the heart to maintain adequate circulation of blood
COP
colloidal osmotic pressure
COPD
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
cor
heart
coronary
encircling in the manner of a crown; especially to the arteries of the heart; and by extension, to pathologic involvement of them
coronary sinus
the opening into the right atrium to which the veins of the left coronary circulation drain
coronary artery bypass graft
vein or artery grafted surgically to permit blood to travel from the aorta to a branch of the coronary artery at a point past an obstruction
coronary artery disease (CAD)
although a number of disease processes other than atherosclerosis can involve coronary arteries, in this guideline the term CAD refers to the athersclerotic narrowing of the major epicardial coronary arteries
coronary thrombus
blood clot that obstructs a blood vessel of the heart
coronary stenosis
narrowing or constriction of the arteries, orifices or chambers leading into or from the heart
C/P
cardiopulmonary
CPB
cardiopulmonary bypass
CPK
creatine phosphokinase
Cr
creatinine
Cr cl
creatinine clearance
CRF
chronic renal failure
CRI
chronic renal insufficiency
cross-matching
the mixing of a donor’s blood with a potential recipient’s blood to test for compatibility
cryoprecipitate
the thin white layer obtained from freezing and thawing blood
CTICU
cardiothoracic intensive care unit
CVP
central venous pressure
cx
circumflex artery
CXR
chest x-ray
away from, opposite
a
abdominal aortic aneurysm
AAA (triple A)
American Academy of Cardiovascular Perfusion
AACP
alveolar arterial oxygen gradient
A-aDO2
American Board of Cardiovascular Perfusion; national body regulating and managing certification (CCP) of perfusion technologists
ABCP
abdomen
abd
arterial blood gas, a collection of pO2, pCO2, pH, BE, and HB SaO2 measurements from an arterial blood sample
ABG
the most important of several systems for classifying human blood used in transfusion therapy
ABO Blood group system
angiotension-converting enzyme
ACE
a substance which can donate an H+. Large amounts are produced in the body as a byproduct of metabolism and to aid digestion. H2CO3 is a volatile acid that can be removed from the body as CO2 by the lungs. Nonvolatile acids such as lactic acid are produced in small amounts by metabolism and are removed by the kidneys. Excess acids are harmful to the body because they increase the H+ concentration which interfered with the body’s normal cellular and chemical function. THe lungs excrete approx 13,000mEq of H2CO3 in the form of CO2 per day, the kidneys eliminate 50-100mE1 of nonvolatile acids per day
acid
the maintenance of normal level of acid and base in the blood and plasma
acid-base balance
abnormally high level of acid in the blood, low pH
acidemia
a pathologic condition resulting from accumulation of acid in, or loss of base from the body
acidosis
activated clotting time
ACT
adrenocortiotropic hormone
ACTH
an acute process of myocardial ischemia with sufficient severity and duration to result in permanent myocardial damage
acute myocardial infarction
adenosine diphosphate
ADP
the outside coat of a tissue or structure
adventitia
aortofemoral bypass
AF bypass
the force of attraction holding two elements together, such as hemoglobin affinity for oxygen
affinity
atrial fibrillation
A fib
atrial flutter
A flt
the process of blood cells clumping together as a result of antibody interactions
agglutination
aortic insufficiency; aortic valvular incompetence; failure of the aortic valve to close during diastole causing back flow into the left ventricle
AI
automatic internal cardioverter/defibrillator
AICD
acquired immune deficiency syndrome; a serious, fatal condition in which the immune system is broken down by the HIV virus and does not respond normally to infections
AIDS
accelerate idioventricular rhythm
AIVR
arterial line
A-line
an arterial blood pH above normal (>7.45) due to abnormally high base to acid ratio in the blood
alkalemia
a pathologic condition resulting from accumulation of base in, or loss of acid from the body
alkalosis
tissue graft from animal of the same species, not same genotype
allograft
ventilation scheme where the total CO2 remains constant as temperature falls and the non-temperature corrected ABG appears normal. So called because it keeps the alpha imidazole moiety of histadine in the alpha charge state. This promotes respiratory alkalosis (about 0.01465 pH units per oC rise; Rosenthal Correction Factor) in the CPB blood
alpha stat
SGPT: serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase; liver function test
ALT
the small, sac-like structureal unit of the lung where oxygen is exchanged for carbon dioxide
alveoli
adenosine monophosphate
AMP
American Society of Extra-Corporeal Technology; the largest professional organization representing perfusion technologists
AmSECT
a severe hypersensitivity reaction to the injection or ingestion of a substance to which the organism has been previously exposed
anaphylactic shock
anticoagulant derived from Malayan pit viper venom, depletes fibrinogen
ancrod
the abnormal dilation or out-pouching of a blood vessel or ventricle
aneurysm
a clinical syndrome typically characterized by deep, poorly localized chest or arm discomfort that is reproducibly associated with physical exertion or emotional stress and relieved promptly by rest of sublingual NTG
angina pectoris
CAD is typically judged significant at coronary angiography if there is at least 70% diameter stenosis of one or more major epicardial coronary segments or at least a 50% diameter stenosis of the left main coronary artery
angiographically significant CAD
with the normal direction of flow
antegrade
against, or opposed to
anti
a complex molecule produced by specialized cells in response to the presence of an antigen
antibody
any agent that inhibits coagulation, see heparin, ancrod, hirudin
anticoagulant
any substance perceived as foreign by the body that induces antibody production
antigen
treatment to counteract or diminish anxiety
anxiolytic therapy
the large single artery arising from the left ventricle carrying blood to the systemic circulation
aorta
of or pertaining to the aorta
aortic
small or underdeveloped aortic valve
aortic atresia
the semilunar valve separating the left ventricle form the aorta that prevents backflow of blood into the ventricle
aortic valve
a surgical incision into the aorta
aortotomy
the separation or removal of a blood component or chemical to treat a disease
apheresis
activated partial thromboplastin time
aPPT
aortic regurgitation, aortic insufficiency (AI)
AR
adult respiratory distress syndrome; a disease process where the patient’s lung fail to remove sufficient carbon dioxide and provide sufficient oxygen during ventilation
ARDS
acute renal failure
ARF
irregularity or loss of rhythm of the heartbeat
arrythmia
arterial
ART
a small artery branching off of an artery giving rise to the capillary network
arteriole
the process thickening and loss of elasticity in the walls of arteries
arteriosclerosis
a blood vessel that caries blood away from the heart; arteries usually carry oxygenated blood
artery
aortic valvular stenosis; narrowing of the normal aortic valve area causing a pressure drop across the aortic valve during ventricular systole
AS
aspirin
ASA
atrial septal defect
ASD
Australasian Society of Cardiovascular Perfusionists, represents all perfusionists in Australia and New Zealand
ASCVP
athersclerotic peripheral vascular disease
ASPVD
SGOT: serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase; liver function test
AST
autogenous saphenous vein
ASV
antithrombin III, an albumin cofactor that normally binds free thrombin in the blood, heparin catalyzes the antithrombin action of ATIII 1000 times normal
ATIII
a form of arteriosclerosis in which atheromas containing cholesterol, lipoid material and lipophages are formed within the intima and inner media of large and medium-sized arteries
atherosclerosis
acute tubular necrosis; ischemic damage to the tubule cells of the kidneys causing renal failure
ATN
adenosine triphosphate
ATP
of or referring to the atria
atrial
appearing or becoming atrial like
atrialization
a chamber affording entrance to another structure or organ; R atrium the upper right cardiac chamber htat receives blood from the vena cava and delivers blood to the right ventricle L atrium the upper left cardiac chamber htat receives blood from the pulmonary veins and dilvers blood to the left ventricle
atrium
autotransfusion system; an extracorporeal circuit designed to collect a patient’s shed blood during a surgical procedure and reinfuse the blood back to the patient; blood may be collected by pre-donation, intraoperative salvage or post operative wound drainage
ATS
tissue graft from self
autograft
referring to self, or tissue coming from self
autologous
the ability of an organ system to dilate or constrict the arterioles that enter it in order to control the blood flow to the organ to meet its metabolic needs
autoregulation
atrioventricular; aortic valve; arterio venous
AV
aortic valve area
AVA
atri-ventricular block
AVB
atriventricular canal
AV canal
atrioventricular node
AV node
aortic valve gradient
AVG
aortic valve replacement; open heart surgery to replace a diseased aortic valve with a prosthetic, artificial valve
AVR
a substance capable of accepting or binding a hydrogen ion in a chemical reaction; the biocarbonate ion (HCO3-) is the most important base in the body
base
a measurement of the total acid base ratio; the difference between the actual blood buffer concentration and the normal blood buffer concentration, reflects mainly the HCO3- concentration in the plasma compared with the expected concentration
base excess (BE)
blood buffer, the sum of all of the plasma and RBC blood buffer systems; bicarbonate, hemoglobin, phosphate and proteins that serve to prevent changes in the pH of the blood
BB
bundle branch block
BBB
a drug that blocks the effect of catecholamines, producing a decrease in heart rate and oxygen demand in the myocardium
beta blocker (beta adrenergic blocking agent)
the most common base found in the plasma and RBC
bicarbonate (HCO3-)
bi-ventricular assist device; the use of two blood propulsion devices of ECCS to assist the failing right and left ventricles
BiVAD
the amount of blood circulating throughout the body in the vascular system
blood volume
laboratory test that usually includes the pH, pO2, pCO2, total CO2, HCO3-, BE, Hb Saturation, HCT, and possibly the K+, Ca++ and glucose
Blood Gas (ABG)
basic metabolic rate
BMR
the influence of carbon dioxide on the affinity of hemoglobin to bind with oxygen, increasing the carbon dioxide level decreases the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen
bohr effect
bypass graft
BPG
beats per minute
BPM
the tubes or airways for the lungs that lead from the trachea to the alveoli
bronchioles/bronchi
body surface area
BSA
breath sounds bilateral and equal
BSBE
beat to beat variability
BTBV
Blalock-Taussig Shunt
BT Shunt
blood flow
BQ
a chemical system that prevents change in concentration of another chemical substance; a substance which acts in a solution to resist any change in pH in the solution when acid or base is added; the combination of strong acid and a weak conjugate base
buffer
Hemoglobin & Oxyhemoglobin 35% Phosphate 5% Plasma Proteins 7% Total non-bicarbonate 47% Plasma Bicarbonate 35% RBC Bicarb 18% Total bicarb 53% Total buffer 100%
Percentage of Buffers in Whole Blood
blood urea nitrogen
BUN
An ECG change characterized by an intraventricular conduction delay affecting the left ventricular wall and septum. Acute occurrences most commonly result from myocardial ischemia
Bundle Branch Block
biventricular hypertrophy
BVH
coronary artery bypass graft
CABG
coronary artery bypass revascularization investigation
CABRI
coronary artery diesase
CAD
drug that blocks entry of calcium into cells and inhibits the contractility of smooth muscle, resulting in dilation of blood vessels and reduction in blood pressure
calcium channel blocker
tubes or catheters placed in the great vessels or cardiac chambers to allow decompression or selective propulsion of blood flow to the structure or vessel
cannula(e)
the smallest blood vessels in the body that connect arterioles and venules
capillaries
a colorless, odorless non flammable produced in respiration, and given off by the tissue of the blood
Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
a weal acid resulting from the reaction of H20 and CO2 to form H2CO3 which dissociates into H+ and HCO3-
Carbonic acid (H2CO3)
an enzyme found primarily in the kidney and red blood cells that accelerates the reversible reaction of H20 and CO2 to form H2CO3-
carbonic anhydrase
of or referring to the heart
cardiac
death due to cardiac cause
cardiac mortality
passage of a catheter into the heart through a blood vessel leading to the heart for the purpose of measuring intracardiac pressure abnormalities, obtaining cardiac blood samples, and/or imaging cardiac structures by injection of radio-opaque dye
cardiac catheterization
the volume of blood displaced by the left ventricle over one minute
cardiac output
cardiac output normalized to body surface area or body weight
Cardiac Index
failure to maintain blood supply to the tissues because of inadequate cardiac output, such as may be caused in myocardial infarction
cardiogenic shock
hypertrophy of the heart
cardiomegaly
a general diagnostic term designating primary myocardial disease
cardiomyopathy
interruption of myocardial contraction, as by use of chemical compounds or cold in cardiac surgery; a solution infused into the heart to interrupt myocardial contraction
cardioplegia
pertaining to the heart and lungs
cardiopulmonary
use of an extracorporeal circuit to circulate blood around the heart and lungs
cardiopulmonary bypass
an emergency measure to maintain a person’s breathing and heartbeat when they have stopped as a result of myocardial infarction, trauma, or other disorder
cardiopulmonary resuscitation
surgical opening of the heart; component of extracorporeal circuit serving as a reservoir for blood
cardiotomy
referring to the large arteries in the neck carrying blood to the brain and scalp
carotid
any of a group of sympathomimetic amines (including dopamine, epinephrine, and norepinephrine)
catecholamine
catheterization
cath
continuous arterio-venous hemofiltration
CAVH
complete blood count
CBC
Certified Cardiovascular Perfusionist, the profession credential for the certified perfusion technologist
CCP
Canadian Cardiovascular Society Classification
CCSC
coronary care unit
CCU
referring to the cerebellum or brain
cerebral
congenital heart disease
CHD
congestive heart failure
CHF
chol, a monatomic alcohol found in animals fats and oils, bile, blood, brain tissue, milk, egg yolk, myelin sheaths of nerves, liver kidneys and adrenal glands, increased blood levels of which are a risk factor for the development of CAD
cholesterol
group of conditions in which the patient has an expiratory airflow obstruction such as chronic bronchitis or emphysema
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
cardiac index; confidence interval
CI
circumflex artery
circ art
creatinine kinase
CK
see thrombus
clot
cytomegalovirus
CMV
cardiac output
CO
complaining of
c/o
coagulation
coag
coarctation of the aorta
coar/Ao
the osmotic force due to the presence of proteins or other large molecular weight substances
colloidal osmotic pressure (COP)
concominant but unrelated pathologic or disease process, usually used to indicated coexistence of two or more disease processes
co-morbidity
the process where one acid base imbalance offsets another imbalance in an effort to bring the pH back within normal limits Ex. metabolic acidosis with a HCO3- concentration less than 22 mEq/L causes tachypnea causing a pCO2 less than 35mmHg (respiratory alkalosis)
compensation
failure of the heart to maintain adequate circulation of blood
congestive heart failure
colloidal osmotic pressure
COP
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
COPD
heart
cor
encircling in the manner of a crown; especially to the arteries of the heart; and by extension, to pathologic involvement of them
coronary
the opening into the right atrium to which the veins of the left coronary circulation drain
coronary sinus
vein or artery grafted surgically to permit blood to travel from the aorta to a branch of the coronary artery at a point past an obstruction
coronary artery bypass graft
although a number of disease processes other than atherosclerosis can involve coronary arteries, in this guideline the term CAD refers to the athersclerotic narrowing of the major epicardial coronary arteries
coronary artery disease (CAD)
blood clot that obstructs a blood vessel of the heart
coronary thrombus
narrowing or constriction of the arteries, orifices or chambers leading into or from the heart
coronary stenosis
cardiopulmonary
C/P
cardiopulmonary bypass
CPB
creatine phosphokinase
CPK
creatinine
Cr
creatinine clearance
Cr cl
chronic renal failure
CRF
chronic renal insufficiency
CRI
the mixing of a donor’s blood with a potential recipient’s blood to test for compatibility
cross-matching
the thin white layer obtained from freezing and thawing blood
cryoprecipitate
cardiothoracic intensive care unit
CTICU
central venous pressure
CVP
circumflex artery
cx
chest x-ray
CXR
