Medical Terminology (A-C) Flashcards
1
Q
a
A
away from, opposite
2
Q
AAA (triple A)
A
abdominal aortic aneurysm
3
Q
AACP
A
American Academy of Cardiovascular Perfusion
4
Q
A-aDO2
A
alveolar arterial oxygen gradient
5
Q
ABCP
A
American Board of Cardiovascular Perfusion; national body regulating and managing certification (CCP) of perfusion technologists
6
Q
abd
A
abdomen
7
Q
ABG
A
arterial blood gas, a collection of pO2, pCO2, pH, BE, and HB SaO2 measurements from an arterial blood sample
8
Q
ABO Blood group system
A
the most important of several systems for classifying human blood used in transfusion therapy
9
Q
ACE
A
angiotension-converting enzyme
10
Q
acid
A
a substance which can donate an H+. Large amounts are produced in the body as a byproduct of metabolism and to aid digestion. H2CO3 is a volatile acid that can be removed from the body as CO2 by the lungs. Nonvolatile acids such as lactic acid are produced in small amounts by metabolism and are removed by the kidneys. Excess acids are harmful to the body because they increase the H+ concentration which interfered with the body’s normal cellular and chemical function. THe lungs excrete approx 13,000mEq of H2CO3 in the form of CO2 per day, the kidneys eliminate 50-100mE1 of nonvolatile acids per day
11
Q
acid-base balance
A
the maintenance of normal level of acid and base in the blood and plasma
12
Q
acidemia
A
abnormally high level of acid in the blood, low pH
13
Q
acidosis
A
a pathologic condition resulting from accumulation of acid in, or loss of base from the body
14
Q
ACT
A
activated clotting time
15
Q
ACTH
A
adrenocortiotropic hormone
16
Q
acute myocardial infarction
A
an acute process of myocardial ischemia with sufficient severity and duration to result in permanent myocardial damage
17
Q
ADP
A
adenosine diphosphate
18
Q
adventitia
A
the outside coat of a tissue or structure
19
Q
AF bypass
A
aortofemoral bypass
20
Q
affinity
A
the force of attraction holding two elements together, such as hemoglobin affinity for oxygen
21
Q
A fib
A
atrial fibrillation
22
Q
A flt
A
atrial flutter
23
Q
agglutination
A
the process of blood cells clumping together as a result of antibody interactions
24
Q
AI
A
aortic insufficiency; aortic valvular incompetence; failure of the aortic valve to close during diastole causing back flow into the left ventricle
25
AICD
automatic internal cardioverter/defibrillator
26
AIDS
acquired immune deficiency syndrome; a serious, fatal condition in which the immune system is broken down by the HIV virus and does not respond normally to infections
27
AIVR
accelerate idioventricular rhythm
28
A-line
arterial line
29
alkalemia
an arterial blood pH above normal (\>7.45) due to abnormally high base to acid ratio in the blood
30
alkalosis
a pathologic condition resulting from accumulation of base in, or loss of acid from the body
31
allograft
tissue graft from animal of the same species, not same genotype
32
alpha stat
ventilation scheme where the total CO2 remains constant as temperature falls and the non-temperature corrected ABG appears normal. So called because it keeps the alpha imidazole moiety of histadine in the alpha charge state. This promotes respiratory alkalosis (about 0.01465 pH units per oC rise; Rosenthal Correction Factor) in the CPB blood
33
ALT
SGPT: serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase; liver function test
34
alveoli
the small, sac-like structureal unit of the lung where oxygen is exchanged for carbon dioxide
35
AMP
adenosine monophosphate
36
AmSECT
American Society of Extra-Corporeal Technology; the largest professional organization representing perfusion technologists
37
anaphylactic shock
a severe hypersensitivity reaction to the injection or ingestion of a substance to which the organism has been previously exposed
38
ancrod
anticoagulant derived from Malayan pit viper venom, depletes fibrinogen
39
aneurysm
the abnormal dilation or out-pouching of a blood vessel or ventricle
40
angina pectoris
a clinical syndrome typically characterized by deep, poorly localized chest or arm discomfort that is reproducibly associated with physical exertion or emotional stress and relieved promptly by rest of sublingual NTG
41
angiographically significant CAD
CAD is typically judged significant at coronary angiography if there is at least 70% diameter stenosis of one or more major epicardial coronary segments or at least a 50% diameter stenosis of the left main coronary artery
42
antegrade
with the normal direction of flow
43
anti
against, or opposed to
44
antibody
a complex molecule produced by specialized cells in response to the presence of an antigen
45
anticoagulant
any agent that inhibits coagulation, see heparin, ancrod, hirudin
46
antigen
any substance perceived as foreign by the body that induces antibody production
47
anxiolytic therapy
treatment to counteract or diminish anxiety
48
aorta
the large single artery arising from the left ventricle carrying blood to the systemic circulation
49
aortic
of or pertaining to the aorta
50
aortic atresia
small or underdeveloped aortic valve
51
aortic valve
the semilunar valve separating the left ventricle form the aorta that prevents backflow of blood into the ventricle
52
aortotomy
a surgical incision into the aorta
53
apheresis
the separation or removal of a blood component or chemical to treat a disease
54
aPPT
activated partial thromboplastin time
55
AR
aortic regurgitation, aortic insufficiency (AI)
56
ARDS
adult respiratory distress syndrome; a disease process where the patient's lung fail to remove sufficient carbon dioxide and provide sufficient oxygen during ventilation
57
ARF
acute renal failure
58
arrythmia
irregularity or loss of rhythm of the heartbeat
59
ART
arterial
60
arteriole
a small artery branching off of an artery giving rise to the capillary network
61
arteriosclerosis
the process thickening and loss of elasticity in the walls of arteries
62
artery
a blood vessel that caries blood away from the heart; arteries usually carry oxygenated blood
63
AS
aortic valvular stenosis; narrowing of the normal aortic valve area causing a pressure drop across the aortic valve during ventricular systole
64
ASA
aspirin
65
ASD
atrial septal defect
66
ASCVP
Australasian Society of Cardiovascular Perfusionists, represents all perfusionists in Australia and New Zealand
67
ASPVD
athersclerotic peripheral vascular disease
68
AST
SGOT: serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase; liver function test
69
ASV
autogenous saphenous vein
70
ATIII
antithrombin III, an albumin cofactor that normally binds free thrombin in the blood, heparin catalyzes the antithrombin action of ATIII 1000 times normal
71
atherosclerosis
a form of arteriosclerosis in which atheromas containing cholesterol, lipoid material and lipophages are formed within the intima and inner media of large and medium-sized arteries
72
ATN
acute tubular necrosis; ischemic damage to the tubule cells of the kidneys causing renal failure
73
ATP
adenosine triphosphate
74
atrial
of or referring to the atria
75
atrialization
appearing or becoming atrial like
76
atrium
a chamber affording entrance to another structure or organ; R atrium the upper right cardiac chamber htat receives blood from the vena cava and delivers blood to the right ventricle L atrium the upper left cardiac chamber htat receives blood from the pulmonary veins and dilvers blood to the left ventricle
77
ATS
autotransfusion system; an extracorporeal circuit designed to collect a patient's shed blood during a surgical procedure and reinfuse the blood back to the patient; blood may be collected by pre-donation, intraoperative salvage or post operative wound drainage
78
autograft
tissue graft from self
79
autologous
referring to self, or tissue coming from self
80
autoregulation
the ability of an organ system to dilate or constrict the arterioles that enter it in order to control the blood flow to the organ to meet its metabolic needs
81
AV
atrioventricular; aortic valve; arterio venous
82
AVA
aortic valve area
83
AVB
atri-ventricular block
84
AV canal
atriventricular canal
85
AV node
atrioventricular node
86
AVG
aortic valve gradient
87
AVR
aortic valve replacement; open heart surgery to replace a diseased aortic valve with a prosthetic, artificial valve
88
base
a substance capable of accepting or binding a hydrogen ion in a chemical reaction; the biocarbonate ion (HCO3-) is the most important base in the body
89
base excess (BE)
a measurement of the total acid base ratio; the difference between the actual blood buffer concentration and the normal blood buffer concentration, reflects mainly the HCO3- concentration in the plasma compared with the expected concentration
90
BB
blood buffer, the sum of all of the plasma and RBC blood buffer systems; bicarbonate, hemoglobin, phosphate and proteins that serve to prevent changes in the pH of the blood
91
BBB
bundle branch block
92
beta blocker (beta adrenergic blocking agent)
a drug that blocks the effect of catecholamines, producing a decrease in heart rate and oxygen demand in the myocardium
93
bicarbonate (HCO3-)
the most common base found in the plasma and RBC
94
BiVAD
bi-ventricular assist device; the use of two blood propulsion devices of ECCS to assist the failing right and left ventricles
95
blood volume
the amount of blood circulating throughout the body in the vascular system
96
Blood Gas (ABG)
laboratory test that usually includes the pH, pO2, pCO2, total CO2, HCO3-, BE, Hb Saturation, HCT, and possibly the K+, Ca++ and glucose
97
BMR
basic metabolic rate
98
bohr effect
the influence of carbon dioxide on the affinity of hemoglobin to bind with oxygen, increasing the carbon dioxide level decreases the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen
99
BPG
bypass graft
100
BPM
beats per minute
101
bronchioles/bronchi
the tubes or airways for the lungs that lead from the trachea to the alveoli
102
BSA
body surface area
103
BSBE
breath sounds bilateral and equal
104
BTBV
beat to beat variability
105
BT Shunt
Blalock-Taussig Shunt
106
BQ
blood flow
107
buffer
a chemical system that prevents change in concentration of another chemical substance; a substance which acts in a solution to resist any change in pH in the solution when acid or base is added; the combination of strong acid and a weak conjugate base
108
Percentage of Buffers in Whole Blood
Hemoglobin & Oxyhemoglobin 35% Phosphate 5% Plasma Proteins 7% Total non-bicarbonate 47% Plasma Bicarbonate 35% RBC Bicarb 18% Total bicarb 53% Total buffer 100%
109
BUN
blood urea nitrogen
110
Bundle Branch Block
An ECG change characterized by an intraventricular conduction delay affecting the left ventricular wall and septum. Acute occurrences most commonly result from myocardial ischemia
111
BVH
biventricular hypertrophy
112
CABG
coronary artery bypass graft
113
CABRI
coronary artery bypass revascularization investigation
114
CAD
coronary artery diesase
115
calcium channel blocker
drug that blocks entry of calcium into cells and inhibits the contractility of smooth muscle, resulting in dilation of blood vessels and reduction in blood pressure
116
cannula(e)
tubes or catheters placed in the great vessels or cardiac chambers to allow decompression or selective propulsion of blood flow to the structure or vessel
117
capillaries
the smallest blood vessels in the body that connect arterioles and venules
118
Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
a colorless, odorless non flammable produced in respiration, and given off by the tissue of the blood
119
Carbonic acid (H2CO3)
a weal acid resulting from the reaction of H20 and CO2 to form H2CO3 which dissociates into H+ and HCO3-
120
carbonic anhydrase
an enzyme found primarily in the kidney and red blood cells that accelerates the reversible reaction of H20 and CO2 to form H2CO3-
121
cardiac
of or referring to the heart
122
cardiac mortality
death due to cardiac cause
123
cardiac catheterization
passage of a catheter into the heart through a blood vessel leading to the heart for the purpose of measuring intracardiac pressure abnormalities, obtaining cardiac blood samples, and/or imaging cardiac structures by injection of radio-opaque dye
124
cardiac output
the volume of blood displaced by the left ventricle over one minute
125
Cardiac Index
cardiac output normalized to body surface area or body weight
126
cardiogenic shock
failure to maintain blood supply to the tissues because of inadequate cardiac output, such as may be caused in myocardial infarction
127
cardiomegaly
hypertrophy of the heart
128
cardiomyopathy
a general diagnostic term designating primary myocardial disease
129
cardioplegia
interruption of myocardial contraction, as by use of chemical compounds or cold in cardiac surgery; a solution infused into the heart to interrupt myocardial contraction
130
cardiopulmonary
pertaining to the heart and lungs
131
cardiopulmonary bypass
use of an extracorporeal circuit to circulate blood around the heart and lungs
132
cardiopulmonary resuscitation
an emergency measure to maintain a person's breathing and heartbeat when they have stopped as a result of myocardial infarction, trauma, or other disorder
133
cardiotomy
surgical opening of the heart; component of extracorporeal circuit serving as a reservoir for blood
134
carotid
referring to the large arteries in the neck carrying blood to the brain and scalp
135
catecholamine
any of a group of sympathomimetic amines (including dopamine, epinephrine, and norepinephrine)
136
cath
catheterization
137
CAVH
continuous arterio-venous hemofiltration
138
CBC
complete blood count
139
CCP
Certified Cardiovascular Perfusionist, the profession credential for the certified perfusion technologist
140
CCSC
Canadian Cardiovascular Society Classification
141
CCU
coronary care unit
142
cerebral
referring to the cerebellum or brain
143
CHD
congenital heart disease
144
CHF
congestive heart failure
145
cholesterol
chol, a monatomic alcohol found in animals fats and oils, bile, blood, brain tissue, milk, egg yolk, myelin sheaths of nerves, liver kidneys and adrenal glands, increased blood levels of which are a risk factor for the development of CAD
146
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
group of conditions in which the patient has an expiratory airflow obstruction such as chronic bronchitis or emphysema
147
CI
cardiac index; confidence interval
148
circ art
circumflex artery
149
CK
creatinine kinase
150
clot
see thrombus
151
CMV
cytomegalovirus
152
CO
cardiac output
153
c/o
complaining of
154
coag
coagulation
155
coar/Ao
coarctation of the aorta
156
colloidal osmotic pressure (COP)
the osmotic force due to the presence of proteins or other large molecular weight substances
157
co-morbidity
concominant but unrelated pathologic or disease process, usually used to indicated coexistence of two or more disease processes
158
compensation
the process where one acid base imbalance offsets another imbalance in an effort to bring the pH back within normal limits Ex. metabolic acidosis with a HCO3- concentration less than 22 mEq/L causes tachypnea causing a pCO2 less than 35mmHg (respiratory alkalosis)
159
congestive heart failure
failure of the heart to maintain adequate circulation of blood
160
COP
colloidal osmotic pressure
161
COPD
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
162
cor
heart
163
coronary
encircling in the manner of a crown; especially to the arteries of the heart; and by extension, to pathologic involvement of them
164
coronary sinus
the opening into the right atrium to which the veins of the left coronary circulation drain
165
coronary artery bypass graft
vein or artery grafted surgically to permit blood to travel from the aorta to a branch of the coronary artery at a point past an obstruction
166
coronary artery disease (CAD)
although a number of disease processes other than atherosclerosis can involve coronary arteries, in this guideline the term CAD refers to the athersclerotic narrowing of the major epicardial coronary arteries
167
coronary thrombus
blood clot that obstructs a blood vessel of the heart
168
coronary stenosis
narrowing or constriction of the arteries, orifices or chambers leading into or from the heart
169
C/P
cardiopulmonary
170
CPB
cardiopulmonary bypass
171
CPK
creatine phosphokinase
172
Cr
creatinine
173
Cr cl
creatinine clearance
174
CRF
chronic renal failure
175
CRI
chronic renal insufficiency
176
cross-matching
the mixing of a donor's blood with a potential recipient's blood to test for compatibility
177
cryoprecipitate
the thin white layer obtained from freezing and thawing blood
178
CTICU
cardiothoracic intensive care unit
179
CVP
central venous pressure
180
cx
circumflex artery
181
CXR
chest x-ray
182
away from, opposite
a
183
abdominal aortic aneurysm
AAA (triple A)
184
American Academy of Cardiovascular Perfusion
AACP
185
alveolar arterial oxygen gradient
A-aDO2
186
American Board of Cardiovascular Perfusion; national body regulating and managing certification (CCP) of perfusion technologists
ABCP
187
abdomen
abd
188
arterial blood gas, a collection of pO2, pCO2, pH, BE, and HB SaO2 measurements from an arterial blood sample
ABG
189
the most important of several systems for classifying human blood used in transfusion therapy
ABO Blood group system
190
angiotension-converting enzyme
ACE
191
a substance which can donate an H+. Large amounts are produced in the body as a byproduct of metabolism and to aid digestion. H2CO3 is a volatile acid that can be removed from the body as CO2 by the lungs. Nonvolatile acids such as lactic acid are produced in small amounts by metabolism and are removed by the kidneys. Excess acids are harmful to the body because they increase the H+ concentration which interfered with the body's normal cellular and chemical function. THe lungs excrete approx 13,000mEq of H2CO3 in the form of CO2 per day, the kidneys eliminate 50-100mE1 of nonvolatile acids per day
acid
192
the maintenance of normal level of acid and base in the blood and plasma
acid-base balance
193
abnormally high level of acid in the blood, low pH
acidemia
194
a pathologic condition resulting from accumulation of acid in, or loss of base from the body
acidosis
195
activated clotting time
ACT
196
adrenocortiotropic hormone
ACTH
197
an acute process of myocardial ischemia with sufficient severity and duration to result in permanent myocardial damage
acute myocardial infarction
198
adenosine diphosphate
ADP
199
the outside coat of a tissue or structure
adventitia
200
aortofemoral bypass
AF bypass
201
the force of attraction holding two elements together, such as hemoglobin affinity for oxygen
affinity
202
atrial fibrillation
A fib
203
atrial flutter
A flt
204
the process of blood cells clumping together as a result of antibody interactions
agglutination
205
aortic insufficiency; aortic valvular incompetence; failure of the aortic valve to close during diastole causing back flow into the left ventricle
AI
206
automatic internal cardioverter/defibrillator
AICD
207
acquired immune deficiency syndrome; a serious, fatal condition in which the immune system is broken down by the HIV virus and does not respond normally to infections
AIDS
208
accelerate idioventricular rhythm
AIVR
209
arterial line
A-line
210
an arterial blood pH above normal (\>7.45) due to abnormally high base to acid ratio in the blood
alkalemia
211
a pathologic condition resulting from accumulation of base in, or loss of acid from the body
alkalosis
212
tissue graft from animal of the same species, not same genotype
allograft
213
ventilation scheme where the total CO2 remains constant as temperature falls and the non-temperature corrected ABG appears normal. So called because it keeps the alpha imidazole moiety of histadine in the alpha charge state. This promotes respiratory alkalosis (about 0.01465 pH units per oC rise; Rosenthal Correction Factor) in the CPB blood
alpha stat
214
SGPT: serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase; liver function test
ALT
215
the small, sac-like structureal unit of the lung where oxygen is exchanged for carbon dioxide
alveoli
216
adenosine monophosphate
AMP
217
American Society of Extra-Corporeal Technology; the largest professional organization representing perfusion technologists
AmSECT
218
a severe hypersensitivity reaction to the injection or ingestion of a substance to which the organism has been previously exposed
anaphylactic shock
219
anticoagulant derived from Malayan pit viper venom, depletes fibrinogen
ancrod
220
the abnormal dilation or out-pouching of a blood vessel or ventricle
aneurysm
221
a clinical syndrome typically characterized by deep, poorly localized chest or arm discomfort that is reproducibly associated with physical exertion or emotional stress and relieved promptly by rest of sublingual NTG
angina pectoris
222
CAD is typically judged significant at coronary angiography if there is at least 70% diameter stenosis of one or more major epicardial coronary segments or at least a 50% diameter stenosis of the left main coronary artery
angiographically significant CAD
223
with the normal direction of flow
antegrade
224
against, or opposed to
anti
225
a complex molecule produced by specialized cells in response to the presence of an antigen
antibody
226
any agent that inhibits coagulation, see heparin, ancrod, hirudin
anticoagulant
227
any substance perceived as foreign by the body that induces antibody production
antigen
228
treatment to counteract or diminish anxiety
anxiolytic therapy
229
the large single artery arising from the left ventricle carrying blood to the systemic circulation
aorta
230
of or pertaining to the aorta
aortic
231
small or underdeveloped aortic valve
aortic atresia
232
the semilunar valve separating the left ventricle form the aorta that prevents backflow of blood into the ventricle
aortic valve
233
a surgical incision into the aorta
aortotomy
234
the separation or removal of a blood component or chemical to treat a disease
apheresis
235
activated partial thromboplastin time
aPPT
236
aortic regurgitation, aortic insufficiency (AI)
AR
237
adult respiratory distress syndrome; a disease process where the patient's lung fail to remove sufficient carbon dioxide and provide sufficient oxygen during ventilation
ARDS
238
acute renal failure
ARF
239
irregularity or loss of rhythm of the heartbeat
arrythmia
240
arterial
ART
241
a small artery branching off of an artery giving rise to the capillary network
arteriole
242
the process thickening and loss of elasticity in the walls of arteries
arteriosclerosis
243
a blood vessel that caries blood away from the heart; arteries usually carry oxygenated blood
artery
244
aortic valvular stenosis; narrowing of the normal aortic valve area causing a pressure drop across the aortic valve during ventricular systole
AS
245
aspirin
ASA
246
atrial septal defect
ASD
247
Australasian Society of Cardiovascular Perfusionists, represents all perfusionists in Australia and New Zealand
ASCVP
248
athersclerotic peripheral vascular disease
ASPVD
249
SGOT: serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase; liver function test
AST
250
autogenous saphenous vein
ASV
251
antithrombin III, an albumin cofactor that normally binds free thrombin in the blood, heparin catalyzes the antithrombin action of ATIII 1000 times normal
ATIII
252
a form of arteriosclerosis in which atheromas containing cholesterol, lipoid material and lipophages are formed within the intima and inner media of large and medium-sized arteries
atherosclerosis
253
acute tubular necrosis; ischemic damage to the tubule cells of the kidneys causing renal failure
ATN
254
adenosine triphosphate
ATP
255
of or referring to the atria
atrial
256
appearing or becoming atrial like
atrialization
257
a chamber affording entrance to another structure or organ; R atrium the upper right cardiac chamber htat receives blood from the vena cava and delivers blood to the right ventricle L atrium the upper left cardiac chamber htat receives blood from the pulmonary veins and dilvers blood to the left ventricle
atrium
258
autotransfusion system; an extracorporeal circuit designed to collect a patient's shed blood during a surgical procedure and reinfuse the blood back to the patient; blood may be collected by pre-donation, intraoperative salvage or post operative wound drainage
ATS
259
tissue graft from self
autograft
260
referring to self, or tissue coming from self
autologous
261
the ability of an organ system to dilate or constrict the arterioles that enter it in order to control the blood flow to the organ to meet its metabolic needs
autoregulation
262
atrioventricular; aortic valve; arterio venous
AV
263
aortic valve area
AVA
264
atri-ventricular block
AVB
265
atriventricular canal
AV canal
266
atrioventricular node
AV node
267
aortic valve gradient
AVG
268
aortic valve replacement; open heart surgery to replace a diseased aortic valve with a prosthetic, artificial valve
AVR
269
a substance capable of accepting or binding a hydrogen ion in a chemical reaction; the biocarbonate ion (HCO3-) is the most important base in the body
base
270
a measurement of the total acid base ratio; the difference between the actual blood buffer concentration and the normal blood buffer concentration, reflects mainly the HCO3- concentration in the plasma compared with the expected concentration
base excess (BE)
271
blood buffer, the sum of all of the plasma and RBC blood buffer systems; bicarbonate, hemoglobin, phosphate and proteins that serve to prevent changes in the pH of the blood
BB
272
bundle branch block
BBB
273
a drug that blocks the effect of catecholamines, producing a decrease in heart rate and oxygen demand in the myocardium
beta blocker (beta adrenergic blocking agent)
274
the most common base found in the plasma and RBC
bicarbonate (HCO3-)
275
bi-ventricular assist device; the use of two blood propulsion devices of ECCS to assist the failing right and left ventricles
BiVAD
276
the amount of blood circulating throughout the body in the vascular system
blood volume
277
laboratory test that usually includes the pH, pO2, pCO2, total CO2, HCO3-, BE, Hb Saturation, HCT, and possibly the K+, Ca++ and glucose
Blood Gas (ABG)
278
basic metabolic rate
BMR
279
the influence of carbon dioxide on the affinity of hemoglobin to bind with oxygen, increasing the carbon dioxide level decreases the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen
bohr effect
280
bypass graft
BPG
281
beats per minute
BPM
282
the tubes or airways for the lungs that lead from the trachea to the alveoli
bronchioles/bronchi
283
body surface area
BSA
284
breath sounds bilateral and equal
BSBE
285
beat to beat variability
BTBV
286
Blalock-Taussig Shunt
BT Shunt
287
blood flow
BQ
288
a chemical system that prevents change in concentration of another chemical substance; a substance which acts in a solution to resist any change in pH in the solution when acid or base is added; the combination of strong acid and a weak conjugate base
buffer
289
Hemoglobin & Oxyhemoglobin 35% Phosphate 5% Plasma Proteins 7% Total non-bicarbonate 47% Plasma Bicarbonate 35% RBC Bicarb 18% Total bicarb 53% Total buffer 100%
Percentage of Buffers in Whole Blood
290
blood urea nitrogen
BUN
291
An ECG change characterized by an intraventricular conduction delay affecting the left ventricular wall and septum. Acute occurrences most commonly result from myocardial ischemia
Bundle Branch Block
292
biventricular hypertrophy
BVH
293
coronary artery bypass graft
CABG
294
coronary artery bypass revascularization investigation
CABRI
295
coronary artery diesase
CAD
296
drug that blocks entry of calcium into cells and inhibits the contractility of smooth muscle, resulting in dilation of blood vessels and reduction in blood pressure
calcium channel blocker
297
tubes or catheters placed in the great vessels or cardiac chambers to allow decompression or selective propulsion of blood flow to the structure or vessel
cannula(e)
298
the smallest blood vessels in the body that connect arterioles and venules
capillaries
299
a colorless, odorless non flammable produced in respiration, and given off by the tissue of the blood
Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
300
a weal acid resulting from the reaction of H20 and CO2 to form H2CO3 which dissociates into H+ and HCO3-
Carbonic acid (H2CO3)
301
an enzyme found primarily in the kidney and red blood cells that accelerates the reversible reaction of H20 and CO2 to form H2CO3-
carbonic anhydrase
302
of or referring to the heart
cardiac
303
death due to cardiac cause
cardiac mortality
304
passage of a catheter into the heart through a blood vessel leading to the heart for the purpose of measuring intracardiac pressure abnormalities, obtaining cardiac blood samples, and/or imaging cardiac structures by injection of radio-opaque dye
cardiac catheterization
305
the volume of blood displaced by the left ventricle over one minute
cardiac output
306
cardiac output normalized to body surface area or body weight
Cardiac Index
307
failure to maintain blood supply to the tissues because of inadequate cardiac output, such as may be caused in myocardial infarction
cardiogenic shock
308
hypertrophy of the heart
cardiomegaly
309
a general diagnostic term designating primary myocardial disease
cardiomyopathy
310
interruption of myocardial contraction, as by use of chemical compounds or cold in cardiac surgery; a solution infused into the heart to interrupt myocardial contraction
cardioplegia
311
pertaining to the heart and lungs
cardiopulmonary
312
use of an extracorporeal circuit to circulate blood around the heart and lungs
cardiopulmonary bypass
313
an emergency measure to maintain a person's breathing and heartbeat when they have stopped as a result of myocardial infarction, trauma, or other disorder
cardiopulmonary resuscitation
314
surgical opening of the heart; component of extracorporeal circuit serving as a reservoir for blood
cardiotomy
315
referring to the large arteries in the neck carrying blood to the brain and scalp
carotid
316
any of a group of sympathomimetic amines (including dopamine, epinephrine, and norepinephrine)
catecholamine
317
catheterization
cath
318
continuous arterio-venous hemofiltration
CAVH
319
complete blood count
CBC
320
Certified Cardiovascular Perfusionist, the profession credential for the certified perfusion technologist
CCP
321
Canadian Cardiovascular Society Classification
CCSC
322
coronary care unit
CCU
323
referring to the cerebellum or brain
cerebral
324
congenital heart disease
CHD
325
congestive heart failure
CHF
326
chol, a monatomic alcohol found in animals fats and oils, bile, blood, brain tissue, milk, egg yolk, myelin sheaths of nerves, liver kidneys and adrenal glands, increased blood levels of which are a risk factor for the development of CAD
cholesterol
327
group of conditions in which the patient has an expiratory airflow obstruction such as chronic bronchitis or emphysema
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
328
cardiac index; confidence interval
CI
329
circumflex artery
circ art
330
creatinine kinase
CK
331
see thrombus
clot
332
cytomegalovirus
CMV
333
cardiac output
CO
334
complaining of
c/o
335
coagulation
coag
336
coarctation of the aorta
coar/Ao
337
the osmotic force due to the presence of proteins or other large molecular weight substances
colloidal osmotic pressure (COP)
338
concominant but unrelated pathologic or disease process, usually used to indicated coexistence of two or more disease processes
co-morbidity
339
the process where one acid base imbalance offsets another imbalance in an effort to bring the pH back within normal limits Ex. metabolic acidosis with a HCO3- concentration less than 22 mEq/L causes tachypnea causing a pCO2 less than 35mmHg (respiratory alkalosis)
compensation
340
failure of the heart to maintain adequate circulation of blood
congestive heart failure
341
colloidal osmotic pressure
COP
342
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
COPD
343
heart
cor
344
encircling in the manner of a crown; especially to the arteries of the heart; and by extension, to pathologic involvement of them
coronary
345
the opening into the right atrium to which the veins of the left coronary circulation drain
coronary sinus
346
vein or artery grafted surgically to permit blood to travel from the aorta to a branch of the coronary artery at a point past an obstruction
coronary artery bypass graft
347
although a number of disease processes other than atherosclerosis can involve coronary arteries, in this guideline the term CAD refers to the athersclerotic narrowing of the major epicardial coronary arteries
coronary artery disease (CAD)
348
blood clot that obstructs a blood vessel of the heart
coronary thrombus
349
narrowing or constriction of the arteries, orifices or chambers leading into or from the heart
coronary stenosis
350
cardiopulmonary
C/P
351
cardiopulmonary bypass
CPB
352
creatine phosphokinase
CPK
353
creatinine
Cr
354
creatinine clearance
Cr cl
355
chronic renal failure
CRF
356
chronic renal insufficiency
CRI
357
the mixing of a donor's blood with a potential recipient's blood to test for compatibility
cross-matching
358
the thin white layer obtained from freezing and thawing blood
cryoprecipitate
359
cardiothoracic intensive care unit
CTICU
360
central venous pressure
CVP
361
circumflex artery
cx
362
chest x-ray
CXR
