Medical Terminology (D-O) Flashcards
D1 or D2
diagonal branch of the LAD artery
D5W
Dextrose 5% in water
DBP
Diastolic Blood Pressure
D/C
Discontinue/ Discharge
Defib
Defibrillate
DHCA
deep hypothermic circulatory arrest
Dialysis
the process of separating crystalloids and in solution by difference in rates of their diffusion through a semipermeable membrane, used to remove metabolites and toxins from body fluids
Diastole
referring to the period of time during relaxation of the ventricle(s)
DILV
Double inlet left ventricle
DIC
Disseminated Intrvascular Coagulapathy an abnormal process that occurs when clot formation and clot lysis occurs simutaneously in the microcirculation
Diffusion
the spontaneous mixing of the molecules of two or more substances from an area of high concentration to low, resulting from random thermal motion: it;s rate is proportional to the concentrations of the substances and increases with the temperature
DKS
Darmus-Kay-Stansel
DM
Diabetes Mellitus
DORV
Double Outlet Right Ventricle
DOLV
Double Outlet Left Ventricle
DVT
Deep Vein Thrombosis
dx
diagnosis
dyspnea
shortness of breath, difficulty breathing
EAST
Emory Angioplasty Study Trial
ECA
External Carotid Artery
ECC
Extra-Corporeal circulation (or circuit); the propulsion of the blood outside the body to perform an artificial organ function
ECCO2R
Extra-Corporeal Carbon Dioxide Removal; the agressive remocal of carbon dioxide freom a portion of the venous blood before it enteres the right atrium to provide support to patient in respiratory failure
ECD
Endocardial Cushion Defect
ECG
Electrocardiogram
ECHO
Echocardiogram
Echocardiography
the process of reflecting ultrasound doppler signals off the heart and surrounding anatomical structures to visualize cardiac activity and structure, and acilitate diagnosis
ECMO
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, the process of propelling blood outside the body (often in neonates, or newborns) to perform artificial ventilation of the blood with a blood oxygenator that allows for diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide across a continuous membrane material separating gas and blood
ECT
Extracorporeal Circulation Technology the study of maintaining blood flow outside the body to perform artificial organs(s) fuction
-ectomy
to surgically excise
EEG
electroencephalogram
EF
Ejection Fraction the percent of the left ventricular volume that is ejected in one cardiac contraction; stroke volume divided by ventricular end-diastolic volume
EKG
electrocardiogram
embolus
a small solid particle or gas bubble that is carried in the blood flow stream; (plural is emboli)
EMT
- Emergency Medical Transport 2. Emergency Medical Technician 3. YOU :)
endothelium
the monocellular lining of blood vessels, hear and lymphatic system
erythrocyte
a mature red blood cell that contains molecular hemoglobin
erythropoesis
the process by which bone marrow produces red blood cells and other cellular elements
ET
endotrachial tube
exercise tolerance testing
AKA: Stress Test a diagnostic test in which the patient exercises on a treadmill, bicycle or other equipment while heart activity is monitored by ECG
Extracorporeal
outside the body
extravascular
outside the vascular system, or fluid that is contained in the interstitial space
FFP
Fresh Frozen Plasma the non-cellular component of donor blood that is removed and frozen for later transfusion to treat hypocoagulable
FTT
Failure To Thrive
Fibirin
the insoluble protien formed in the blood to produce clot by the action of thrombin on fibrinogen
Fibrinogen
the protien produced in the liver, present in the blood that is the precursor to fibrin in the clotting process
fistula
a duct or other passage formed surgically or by the imperfect closing of a wound or abscess and leading either to the body surface or to another hollow organ AV fistula- a fistula connecting an artery and vein bypassing the capillary bed, often surgically placed in patients undegoing renal dialysis
FiO2
farction of inspired oxygen the percent concentration of oxygen in the gas entering the lungs, ventilator or a blood oxygenator
GEA
gastroepiploic artery
GI
gastrointestinal
GME
gaseous microemboli; a small embolus of gas that is carried in the blood flow stream
great vessels
the large arteries and veins arising from the heart and pericardium
GTT
glucose tolerance test
H+
Hydrogen ion, also known as proton
haldane effect
the influence of oxygen on the affinity of hemoglobin to bind with carbon dioxide, increasing the oxygen level decreases the affinity of hemoglobin for carbon dioxide
[HCO2-]
bicarbonate ion concentration in mEq/L The bicarbonate ion is the most important base in the body. The amount of HCO2- in the blood is expressed in mEq/L and is regulated by the kidneys. The kidneys regulate [HCO2-] by increasing or decreasing the resorption of HCO2- in the renal tubule. The HCO2- is the metabolic component of the acid-base balance, The normal [HCO2-] is maintained between 22-26mEq/L with a mean of 24 mEq/L.
hct
hematocrit
HCTZ
hydrochlorothiazide, (type of diueretic)
hematocrit
the percent of the blood which is cellular, normally 35-43%
hemo-
referring to blood
hemoconcentration
the process of removing fluid and electrolytes from the blood to increase the concentration of hemoglobin and red blood cells
hemodialysis
the seperation of waste products from the blood by osmosis across a semi-permeable membrane
hemodilution
the decrease in the concentration of hemoglobin and red blood cells
hemodynamic instability
instability of the blood pressure
hemoglobin
the red pigmented complex protein found in the red blood cells that functions to cary oxygen and carbon dioxide
hemolysis
the freezing of hemoglobin from the inside of the red blood cell by normal breakdown or mechanical destruction
hemostasis
the cessation of bleeding through normal coagulation or by surgical procedure
homeothermic
warm blooded; animals whose body temperature are maintained with a narrow range by its metabolic processes
homograft
see allograft
homologous
referring to the same species, or tissue coming from the same species
HR
Heart Rate
HTN
Hypertension
Hx
History
Hydrogen Ions (H+)
ion produced when hydrogen loses an electron, a proton, the ions released when an acid is places in solution such as in water or plasma
hyper
above normal
hypercapnea
a measurement of an abnormally high CO2 level in the blood, pCO2>45mmHg
hypercholesterilemia
excessive cholesterol in the blood
hyperlipidemia
excessive quanity of fat (cholesterol and triglycerides in the blood
hyperthermia
temperature above normal
hypertrophiccardiomyopathy
disease of the myocardium produced by the enlargement of the cells of the myocardium; the result of increased oxygen demand in ischemic heart disease
hypertrophy
enlargement or overgrowth of and organ or part due to increase in size of its constituent cells
hypervolemia
blood volume increase above normal
hypo
below
hypoperfusion
decreased blood flow to an organ or tissue as in shock
hypotension
decrease of systoloc and diastolic pressure below normal
hypothermia
temperature below normal
hypovolemia
decreased blood volume below normal
hypoxemia
reduction of oxygen level in the blood below normal
hypoxia
reduction of oxygen level in tissues below normal
IABP
Intra-aortic balloon pump
ICA
internal carotid artery
ICS
intercostal space
ICU
intensive care unit
IDDM
insulin dependent diabetes mellitus
immune system
the system of blood cells and chemicals that protects the body from invasion by foreign organisms; the system that produces antibodies in response to antigens
in situ
in place; but isolated in a living organism
intima
the inner most structure (see tunica intima)
in vitrro
in the laboratory or in the test tube outside a living organism
interstitial
between cells; the space in the tissues between cells outside the vascular system
intra-aortic ballon pump
use of a balloon attached to a catheter inserted through the femoral artery into the descending thoracic aorta for producing alternating inflation and deflation during diastole and systole, respectively
I&O (I/O)
intake and output
ischemia
the need for oxygen exceeds the supply of oxygen leading to tissue cellular damage and possible death or necrosis
ischemic hear disease
a form of hear disease whose primary manifestations result from myocardial ischeima due to atherosclerotic CAD
isthmus
a narrow connection between two larger bodies or parts
IV
intravenous
IVC
inferior vena cava
IVCD
interventricular conduction defect
JVD
jugular vein distention
Konno
Surgical procedure to treat patients with congenital aortic stenosis
KVO
Keep Vein Open
LA LA
Left Atrium
LAD
Left Anterior Descending Coronary Artery
LBBB
Left Bundle Branch Block
LDH
lactate dehydrogenase
Left Ventircular Function
function of the main pumping chamber of the heart (left ventricle) that receives blood from the left atrium and pumps it out into the general circulation through the aortic valve
Left Main (LM) Disease
stenosis of the left main (LM) coronary artery
LIMA
ledt internal mammary artery
LLL
Left Lower Lobe
LM
Left main coronary artery
LV
left ventricle
LVH
left ventricular hypertrophy
lysis
destruction or decomposition, as of a cell or other substance
MAP
mean arterial pressure
MB
cardiac muscle
mec
meconium
media
middle (see tunica media)
mediastinum
the mass of tissues and organs separating the sternum in front and the vertebral column behind, containing the heart and its large vessels, trachea, esophagus, thymus, lymph nodes and other structures and tissues
metabolic
refers to the process of the chemical reactions at the tissue level
metablolic acidosis
abnormal physiological process characterized by the primary gain of strong acid or primary loss of bicarbonate from extracelluar fluid. Reflected by a low [HCO3-] and a low pH. (HCO3- less than 22 mEq/L) Treat by increasing perfusion of tissues and give NaHCO3
MI
- mitral insufficiency; back flow or regulation of flow through the mitral valve during ventricular systole 2. Myocardial Infarction
MICU
Medical Intensive Care Unit
millequivalent
one thousandths of an equivalent. An equivalent is the amount of a substance (mg or mM) that can enter into a reaction with one mole of hydrogen ions, or replaced one mole of H= in the reaction (gram molecular weight/valence)
mitral
referring to the bicuspid valve separating the left atrium and ventricle to prevent back flow into the atrium during ventricular systole
mitral regurgitation
abnormal systolic back flow of blood from the left ventricle into the left atrium, resulting from imperfect closure of the mitral valve
mitral stenosis
mitral valvular stenosis; narrowing of the normal area of the mitral valve causing a pressure drop across the valve during left ventricular filling
modified ultrafiltration
hemoconcentration of patiens blood, post bypass prior to decannulation, using the extracorporeal circuit for blood access
mole
the gram molecular weight of any substance, which always contains 6.023 x 1023 molecules of that substance. The number of molecules in one gram molecular weight of the substance. one mole of hydrogen ions, or replace H= in the reaction (gram molecular weight/ valence)
MR
mitral regurgitation
MS
- Mitral Stenosis 2. Multiple Sclerosis
MUF
Modified Ultrapurification
MUGA
multiple gated aquisiton test; a radionuclide test of myocardial performance
multivessel disease
disease in two or more of the coronary arteries
MV
mitral valve
MVR
mitral valve repair or replacement; open heart surgery to repair or replace a diseased mitral valve witha prosthesis or artificial heart valve
Myocardial Ischemia
condition in which oxygen delivery to and wate removal from the myocardium falls below normal levels with oxygen demand exceeding supply
Myocardial Infarction (MI)
damage to the heart caused by occlusion of one or more of the coronary arteries
Myocardium
the muscular wall of the heart located between the inner endocardial layer and the outer epicardial layer
necrosis
death of individual cells or groups of cells, or of localized areas of tissue
NHLBI
National Heart Lung and Blood Institute
NIDDM
Non-insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus
Nitrate
a drug whos metabolites produce a relaxation of vascular smooth muscle, causing dilation of the veins reducing preload and myocardial Oxygen Demand (MVO2)
Nitrogen
chemical element at no. 7, symbol N, molecular N2. It forms about 78% of the atmosphere and 78% of dissolved gas in the blood
N/G
Naso Gastric
NICU
Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
NKA
no known allergies
NKDA
no known drug allergies
non-Q-wave myocardial infarction
myocardial infarction that is not associated with the evolution of new Q waves on the ECG
npo
nothing by mouth
NSR
Normal Sinus Rhythm
NTGNTG
nitroglycerin
OHDC
oxyhemoblobin dissssociation curve
obtuse marginal
branches of the circumflex coronary artery
OM1 OM2
obtuse marginal
osmosis
the passage of pure solvent from a solution of lesser to one of greater solute concentration, when the two solutions are separated by a membrane which is selectively prevents the passage of solute molecules, but is permeable to the solvent
osmotic pressure
the negative pressure created by a dissolved non-diffusable substance across a membrane permeable to solvent but not to the solute
ostia
opening
-otomy
to make a surgical opening into
oxygen
chemical element at no. 8, symbol O, molecular O2; an odorless gas that is essential to all plants and animals for respiration
oxygenator
an artificial device that functions like a lung to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide with the blood
Henderson-Hasselbach Equation
pH=pK + log [HCO3-]/[CO2d][H2CO3] pH=pK + log [HCO3-]/(0.03*pCO2) (The carbon dioxide solubility coefficient 0.03 converts to pCO2 in mmHg to mm/L, the pK is 6.10 at 37 degrees C. Relates the ratio of the metabolic component to the respiratory component.
heparin
a negatively charged polysaccharide normally found in lung or gut mucosa that naturally prolongs the time it takes blood to clot by catalyzing anti=thrombin III
hepatic
pertaining to the liver
hepatitits
inflammation of the liver usually caused by a virus transmitted by contact or blood transfusion
hepatomegaly
enlargement of the liver
heterograft
see xenograph
heterologous
referring to a different species, or tissue coming from a different species
heterothermic
cold blooded; poikilothermic, animals whose body temperature changes with the environment
Hgb
hemoglobin
hirudin
coagulation inhibitor isolated from leeches, inhibits thrombin without requiring ATIII
HIV
human immunodeficiency virus; a retrovirus that converts RNA to DNA and inserts it in the host cell and is responsible for the fatal disease AIDS
HLHS
hyperplastic left heart syndrome; congenital defect characterized by atretic underdeveloped or absent left ventricle
HMD
hyaline membrane disease
H/O
history of
homeostasis
the maintenance of a normal state of balance in a physiological system
diagonal branch of the LAD artery
D1 or D2
Dextrose 5% in water
D5W
Diastolic Blood Pressure
DBP
Discontinue/ Discharge
D/C
Defibrillate
Defib
deep hypothermic circulatory arrest
DHCA
the process of separating crystalloids and in solution by difference in rates of their diffusion through a semipermeable membrane, used to remove metabolites and toxins from body fluids
Dialysis
referring to the period of time during relaxation of the ventricle(s)
Diastole
Double inlet left ventricle
DILV
Disseminated Intrvascular Coagulapathy an abnormal process that occurs when clot formation and clot lysis occurs simutaneously in the microcirculation
DIC
the spontaneous mixing of the molecules of two or more substances from an area of high concentration to low, resulting from random thermal motion: it;s rate is proportional to the concentrations of the substances and increases with the temperature
Diffusion
Darmus-Kay-Stansel
DKS
Diabetes Mellitus
DM
Double Outlet Right Ventricle
DORV
Double Outlet Left Ventricle
DOLV
Deep Vein Thrombosis
DVT
diagnosis
dx
shortness of breath, difficulty breathing
dyspnea
Emory Angioplasty Study Trial
EAST
External Carotid Artery
ECA
Extra-Corporeal circulation (or circuit); the propulsion of the blood outside the body to perform an artificial organ function
ECC
Extra-Corporeal Carbon Dioxide Removal; the agressive remocal of carbon dioxide freom a portion of the venous blood before it enteres the right atrium to provide support to patient in respiratory failure
ECCO2R
Endocardial Cushion Defect
ECD
Electrocardiogram
ECG
Echocardiogram
ECHO
the process of reflecting ultrasound doppler signals off the heart and surrounding anatomical structures to visualize cardiac activity and structure, and acilitate diagnosis
Echocardiography
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, the process of propelling blood outside the body (often in neonates, or newborns) to perform artificial ventilation of the blood with a blood oxygenator that allows for diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide across a continuous membrane material separating gas and blood
ECMO
Extracorporeal Circulation Technology the study of maintaining blood flow outside the body to perform artificial organs(s) fuction
ECT
to surgically excise
-ectomy
electroencephalogram
EEG
Ejection Fraction the percent of the left ventricular volume that is ejected in one cardiac contraction; stroke volume divided by ventricular end-diastolic volume
EF
electrocardiogram
EKG
a small solid particle or gas bubble that is carried in the blood flow stream; (plural is emboli)
embolus
- Emergency Medical Transport 2. Emergency Medical Technician 3. YOU :)
EMT
the monocellular lining of blood vessels, hear and lymphatic system
endothelium
a mature red blood cell that contains molecular hemoglobin
erythrocyte
the process by which bone marrow produces red blood cells and other cellular elements
erythropoesis
endotrachial tube
ET
AKA: Stress Test a diagnostic test in which the patient exercises on a treadmill, bicycle or other equipment while heart activity is monitored by ECG
exercise tolerance testing
outside the body
Extracorporeal
outside the vascular system, or fluid that is contained in the interstitial space
extravascular
Fresh Frozen Plasma the non-cellular component of donor blood that is removed and frozen for later transfusion to treat hypocoagulable
FFP
Failure To Thrive
FTT
the insoluble protien formed in the blood to produce clot by the action of thrombin on fibrinogen
Fibirin
the protien produced in the liver, present in the blood that is the precursor to fibrin in the clotting process
Fibrinogen
a duct or other passage formed surgically or by the imperfect closing of a wound or abscess and leading either to the body surface or to another hollow organ AV fistula- a fistula connecting an artery and vein bypassing the capillary bed, often surgically placed in patients undegoing renal dialysis
fistula
farction of inspired oxygen the percent concentration of oxygen in the gas entering the lungs, ventilator or a blood oxygenator
FiO2
gastroepiploic artery
GEA
gastrointestinal
GI
gaseous microemboli; a small embolus of gas that is carried in the blood flow stream
GME
the large arteries and veins arising from the heart and pericardium
great vessels
glucose tolerance test
GTT
Hydrogen ion, also known as proton
H+
the influence of oxygen on the affinity of hemoglobin to bind with carbon dioxide, increasing the oxygen level decreases the affinity of hemoglobin for carbon dioxide
haldane effect
bicarbonate ion concentration in mEq/L The bicarbonate ion is the most important base in the body. The amount of HCO2- in the blood is expressed in mEq/L and is regulated by the kidneys. The kidneys regulate [HCO2-] by increasing or decreasing the resorption of HCO2- in the renal tubule. The HCO2- is the metabolic component of the acid-base balance, The normal [HCO2-] is maintained between 22-26mEq/L with a mean of 24 mEq/L.
[HCO2-]
hematocrit
hct
hydrochlorothiazide, (type of diueretic)
HCTZ
the percent of the blood which is cellular, normally 35-43%
hematocrit
referring to blood
hemo-
the process of removing fluid and electrolytes from the blood to increase the concentration of hemoglobin and red blood cells
hemoconcentration
the seperation of waste products from the blood by osmosis across a semi-permeable membrane
hemodialysis
the decrease in the concentration of hemoglobin and red blood cells
hemodilution
instability of the blood pressure
hemodynamic instability
the red pigmented complex protein found in the red blood cells that functions to cary oxygen and carbon dioxide
hemoglobin
the freezing of hemoglobin from the inside of the red blood cell by normal breakdown or mechanical destruction
hemolysis
the cessation of bleeding through normal coagulation or by surgical procedure
hemostasis
warm blooded; animals whose body temperature are maintained with a narrow range by its metabolic processes
homeothermic
see allograft
homograft
referring to the same species, or tissue coming from the same species
homologous
Heart Rate
HR
Hypertension
HTN
History
Hx
ion produced when hydrogen loses an electron, a proton, the ions released when an acid is places in solution such as in water or plasma
Hydrogen Ions (H+)
above normal
hyper
a measurement of an abnormally high CO2 level in the blood, pCO2>45mmHg
hypercapnea
excessive cholesterol in the blood
hypercholesterilemia
excessive quanity of fat (cholesterol and triglycerides in the blood
hyperlipidemia
temperature above normal
hyperthermia
disease of the myocardium produced by the enlargement of the cells of the myocardium; the result of increased oxygen demand in ischemic heart disease
hypertrophiccardiomyopathy
enlargement or overgrowth of and organ or part due to increase in size of its constituent cells
hypertrophy
blood volume increase above normal
hypervolemia
below
hypo
decreased blood flow to an organ or tissue as in shock
hypoperfusion
decrease of systoloc and diastolic pressure below normal
hypotension
temperature below normal
hypothermia
decreased blood volume below normal
hypovolemia
reduction of oxygen level in the blood below normal
hypoxemia
reduction of oxygen level in tissues below normal
hypoxia
Intra-aortic balloon pump
IABP
internal carotid artery
ICA
intercostal space
ICS
intensive care unit
ICU
insulin dependent diabetes mellitus
IDDM
the system of blood cells and chemicals that protects the body from invasion by foreign organisms; the system that produces antibodies in response to antigens
immune system
in place; but isolated in a living organism
in situ
the inner most structure (see tunica intima)
intima
in the laboratory or in the test tube outside a living organism
in vitrro
between cells; the space in the tissues between cells outside the vascular system
interstitial
use of a balloon attached to a catheter inserted through the femoral artery into the descending thoracic aorta for producing alternating inflation and deflation during diastole and systole, respectively
intra-aortic ballon pump
intake and output
I&O (I/O)
the need for oxygen exceeds the supply of oxygen leading to tissue cellular damage and possible death or necrosis
ischemia
a form of hear disease whose primary manifestations result from myocardial ischeima due to atherosclerotic CAD
ischemic hear disease
a narrow connection between two larger bodies or parts
isthmus
intravenous
IV
inferior vena cava
IVC
interventricular conduction defect
IVCD
jugular vein distention
JVD
Surgical procedure to treat patients with congenital aortic stenosis
Konno
Keep Vein Open
KVO
Left Atrium
LA LA
Left Anterior Descending Coronary Artery
LAD
Left Bundle Branch Block
LBBB
lactate dehydrogenase
LDH
function of the main pumping chamber of the heart (left ventricle) that receives blood from the left atrium and pumps it out into the general circulation through the aortic valve
Left Ventircular Function
stenosis of the left main (LM) coronary artery
Left Main (LM) Disease
ledt internal mammary artery
LIMA
Left Lower Lobe
LLL
Left main coronary artery
LM
left ventricle
LV
left ventricular hypertrophy
LVH
destruction or decomposition, as of a cell or other substance
lysis
mean arterial pressure
MAP
cardiac muscle
MB
meconium
mec
middle (see tunica media)
media
the mass of tissues and organs separating the sternum in front and the vertebral column behind, containing the heart and its large vessels, trachea, esophagus, thymus, lymph nodes and other structures and tissues
mediastinum
refers to the process of the chemical reactions at the tissue level
metabolic
abnormal physiological process characterized by the primary gain of strong acid or primary loss of bicarbonate from extracelluar fluid. Reflected by a low [HCO3-] and a low pH. (HCO3- less than 22 mEq/L) Treat by increasing perfusion of tissues and give NaHCO3
metablolic acidosis
- mitral insufficiency; back flow or regulation of flow through the mitral valve during ventricular systole 2. Myocardial Infarction
MI
Medical Intensive Care Unit
MICU
one thousandths of an equivalent. An equivalent is the amount of a substance (mg or mM) that can enter into a reaction with one mole of hydrogen ions, or replaced one mole of H= in the reaction (gram molecular weight/valence)
millequivalent
referring to the bicuspid valve separating the left atrium and ventricle to prevent back flow into the atrium during ventricular systole
mitral
abnormal systolic back flow of blood from the left ventricle into the left atrium, resulting from imperfect closure of the mitral valve
mitral regurgitation
mitral valvular stenosis; narrowing of the normal area of the mitral valve causing a pressure drop across the valve during left ventricular filling
mitral stenosis
hemoconcentration of patiens blood, post bypass prior to decannulation, using the extracorporeal circuit for blood access
modified ultrafiltration
the gram molecular weight of any substance, which always contains 6.023 x 1023 molecules of that substance. The number of molecules in one gram molecular weight of the substance. one mole of hydrogen ions, or replace H= in the reaction (gram molecular weight/ valence)
mole
mitral regurgitation
MR
- Mitral Stenosis 2. Multiple Sclerosis
MS
Modified Ultrapurification
MUF
multiple gated aquisiton test; a radionuclide test of myocardial performance
MUGA
disease in two or more of the coronary arteries
multivessel disease
mitral valve
MV
mitral valve repair or replacement; open heart surgery to repair or replace a diseased mitral valve witha prosthesis or artificial heart valve
MVR
condition in which oxygen delivery to and wate removal from the myocardium falls below normal levels with oxygen demand exceeding supply
Myocardial Ischemia
damage to the heart caused by occlusion of one or more of the coronary arteries
Myocardial Infarction (MI)
the muscular wall of the heart located between the inner endocardial layer and the outer epicardial layer
Myocardium
death of individual cells or groups of cells, or of localized areas of tissue
necrosis
National Heart Lung and Blood Institute
NHLBI
Non-insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus
NIDDM
a drug whos metabolites produce a relaxation of vascular smooth muscle, causing dilation of the veins reducing preload and myocardial Oxygen Demand (MVO2)
Nitrate
chemical element at no. 7, symbol N, molecular N2. It forms about 78% of the atmosphere and 78% of dissolved gas in the blood
Nitrogen
Naso Gastric
N/G
Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
NICU
no known allergies
NKA
no known drug allergies
NKDA
myocardial infarction that is not associated with the evolution of new Q waves on the ECG
non-Q-wave myocardial infarction
nothing by mouth
npo
Normal Sinus Rhythm
NSR
nitroglycerin
NTGNTG
oxyhemoblobin dissssociation curve
OHDC
branches of the circumflex coronary artery
obtuse marginal
obtuse marginal
OM1 OM2
the passage of pure solvent from a solution of lesser to one of greater solute concentration, when the two solutions are separated by a membrane which is selectively prevents the passage of solute molecules, but is permeable to the solvent
osmosis
the negative pressure created by a dissolved non-diffusable substance across a membrane permeable to solvent but not to the solute
osmotic pressure
opening
ostia
to make a surgical opening into
-otomy
chemical element at no. 8, symbol O, molecular O2; an odorless gas that is essential to all plants and animals for respiration
oxygen
an artificial device that functions like a lung to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide with the blood
oxygenator
pH=pK + log [HCO3-]/[CO2d][H2CO3] pH=pK + log [HCO3-]/(0.03*pCO2) (The carbon dioxide solubility coefficient 0.03 converts to pCO2 in mmHg to mm/L, the pK is 6.10 at 37 degrees C. Relates the ratio of the metabolic component to the respiratory component.
Henderson-Hasselbach Equation
a negatively charged polysaccharide normally found in lung or gut mucosa that naturally prolongs the time it takes blood to clot by catalyzing anti=thrombin III
heparin
pertaining to the liver
hepatic
inflammation of the liver usually caused by a virus transmitted by contact or blood transfusion
hepatitits
enlargement of the liver
hepatomegaly
see xenograph
heterograft
referring to a different species, or tissue coming from a different species
heterologous
cold blooded; poikilothermic, animals whose body temperature changes with the environment
heterothermic
hemoglobin
Hgb
coagulation inhibitor isolated from leeches, inhibits thrombin without requiring ATIII
hirudin
human immunodeficiency virus; a retrovirus that converts RNA to DNA and inserts it in the host cell and is responsible for the fatal disease AIDS
HIV
hyperplastic left heart syndrome; congenital defect characterized by atretic underdeveloped or absent left ventricle
HLHS
hyaline membrane disease
HMD
history of
H/O
the maintenance of a normal state of balance in a physiological system
homeostasis
