Medical Terminology 2 Flashcards
Anisarca
Total body swelling
Total body swelling
Anisarca
Auscultation
Listening with the stethoscope
Listening with the stethoscope
Auscultation
Baseline
The normal state of being for each specific patient
The normal state of being for each specific patient
Baseline
Differential Diagnosis
The diseases that a physician is considering as the reason for the patient’s symptoms
The diseases that a physician is considering as the reason for the patient’s symptoms
Differential Dx
Fundus
The bottom aperture of the internal surface of a hollow organ; often referring to the uterus or eye
The bottom aperture of the internal surface of a hollow organ; often referring to the uterus or eye
Fundus
Hemorrhage
Excessive or profuse bleeding
Excessive or profuse bleeding
Hemorrhage
Hypertension
Persistently high atrial BP (typically >140/90)
Persistently high atrial BP (typically >140/90)
Hypertension
Hypotension
Persistently low atrial BP (<100/65)
Persistently low atrial BP (<100/65)
Hypotension
Infarct
Area of dead tissue following prolonged ischemia
Area of dead tissue following prolonged ischemia
Infarct
Ischemia
Localized lack of blood supply to an area
Localized lack of blood supply to an area
Ischemia
Malodorous
Foul-smelling
Foul-smelling
Malodorous
Os
Any body orifice
Any body orifice
Os
Palpable
Able to be touched or easily perceived
Able to be touched or easily perceived
palpable
Polydipsia
Persistent thirst or frequent drinking of liquids; possibly indicative of diabetes
Persistent thirst or frequent drinking of liquids; possibly indicative of diabetes
Polydipsia
Rupture
The breaking open of a bodily structure
The breaking open of a bodily structure
Rupture
Sepsis
Dangerous infection of the blood with pathological microorganisms or their toxins
Dangerous infection of the blood with pathological microorganisms or their toxins
Sepsis
Avulsion
A forcible pulling away of a part or structure
A forcible pulling away of a part or structure
Avulsion
Crepitus
A crackling or grating sound usually of bones
A crackling or grating sound usually of bones
Crepitus
Differential Diagnosis
A diagnosis of symptoms of two or more disease by comparison
A diagnosis of symptoms of two or more disease by comparison
Differential Diagnosis
Effusion
Escape of fluid into a cavity
Escape of fluid into a cavity
Effusion
Hemangioma
Tumor, consisting of blood vessels
Escape of fluid into a cavity
Hemangioma
Benign
Normal; of no danger to health
Normal; of no danger to health
Benign
Palpable
Able to be touched or easily perceived
Able to be touched or easily perceived
Palpable
Stellate
Star-shaped, radiating from the center
Star-shaped, radiating from the center
Stellate
Acute
[Timing]
New onset, likely concerning. Opposite of chronic
New onset, likely concerning. Opposite of chronic
Acute
Acute on chronic
[Time]
New exacerbation of a chronic condition
New exacerbation of a chronic condition
Acute on Chronic
Chronic
[Timing]
Long-standing, constant. Opposite of acute.
Long-standing, constant. Opposite of acute.
Chronic
Fluctuating
[Timing]
Symptoms that are always present but changing in severity, never fully resolving
Symptoms that are always present but changing in severity, never fully resolving
Fluctuating
Intermittent
[Timing]
Symptoms that completely resolve at times but continue to return repeatedly
Symptoms that completely resolve at times but continue to return repeatedly
Intermittent
Paroxysmal
[Timing]
Occasional, sporadic, transient
Occasional, sporadic, transient
Paroxysmal
Resolved
[Timing]
Gone, no longer existing
Gone, no longer existing
Resolved
Transient
[Timing]
Resolving spontaneously after onset
Resolving spontaneously after onset
Transient
Abduction
draws away from midline
draws away from midline
Abduction
Adduction
Draws toward the midline
Draws toward the midline
Adduction
Ambulatory
Able to move about, not confined to a bed
Able to move about, not confined to a bed
Ambulatory
Anatomical Position
To stand erect with arms at the sides and palms of the hands turned forward
To stand erect with arms at the sides and palms of the hands turned forward
Anatomical Position
Anterior
Situated in front of or directed toward the front
Situated in front of or directed toward the front
Anterior
Articulation
Connection between bones; joints
Connection between bones; joints
Articulation
Axilla
Armpit
Armpit
Axilla
Caudal
Toward the feet
Toward the feet
Caudal
Cephalad
Towards the head
Towards the head
Cephalad
Cervical
Pertaining to the neck or the cervix of the uterus
Pertaining to the neck or the cervix of the uterus
Cervical
Deep
Farther from the surface
Farther from the surface
Deep
Diffuse
Spread offer a wide area
Spread offer a wide area
Diffuse
Distal
Farther from the limb root
Farther from the limb root
Distal
Dorsiflexion
Backward flex ion, as in bending backward either a hand or foot
Backward flex ion, as in bending backward either a hand or foot
Dorsiflexion
Everted
Turned outward
Turned Outward
Everted
Extension
Straightening out
Straightening out
Extension
External
Outside
Outside
External
Flexion
Bending or angulation
Bending or angulation
Flexion
Frontal/Coronal Plane
Divides body into anterior and posterior parts
Divides body into anterior and posterior parts
Frontal/Coronal Plane
Inferior
Lower, farther from crown
Lower, farther from crown
Inferior
Internal
Inside
Inside
Internal
Inverted
Turned inward
Turned Inward
Inverted
Lateral
Farther from the midline
Farther from the midline
Lateral
Levator
That which raises
That which raises
Levator
Medial
Nearer to the midline
Nearer to the midline
Medial
Midline
Divides body into left and right
Divides body into left and right
Midline
Palmer or Voler
Palm side of hand or body
Palm side of hand or body
Palmer or Voler
Plantar
Sole of foot
Sole of foot
Plantar
Posterior or Dorsal
Rear or Back
Rear or Back
Posterior or Dorsal
Pronator
That which turns palm of hand downward
That which turns palm of hand downward
Pronator
Proximal
Nearer to limb root
Nearer to limb root
Proximal
Radial Aspect
Pertaining to the radial (lateral) side of the arm
Pertaining to the radial (lateral) side of the arm
Radial Aspect
Superficial
Nearer to the surface
Nearer to the surface
Superficial
Superior
Upper, nearer to the crown of head
Upper, nearer to the crown of head
Superior
Supinator
That which turns palm of hand upward
That which turns palm of hand upward
Supinator
Supine
Body position lying face up
Body position lying face up
Supine
Transverse Plane
Right angles to long axis; divides the body into upper and lower parts
Right angles to long axis; divides the body into upper and lower parts
Transverse Plane
Ulnar Aspect
Pertaining to the ulnar (medial side of the arm)
Afebrile
Without fever
Without fever
Afebrile
Alert
Looking around, awake, attentive
Looking around, awake, attentive
Alert
Body Habitus
The state to the patient’s body, often referring to obesity
The state to the patient’s body, often referring to obesity
Body Habitus
Cachetic
Extremely skinny, bony, malnourished
Extremely skinny, bony, malnourished
Cachetic
Combative
Aggressively uncooperative
Aggressively uncooperative
Combative
Constitutional
the General appearance and nature of a patient
the General appearance and nature of a patient
Constitutional
Dehydrated
General appearance of lacking water, dry lips, dry mucosa
General appearance of lacking water, dry lips, dry mucosa
Dehydrated
Distress
A patient’s inability to tolerate their body-state due to pain or respiratory failure
A patient’s inability to tolerate their body-state due to pain or respiratory failure
Distress
Elderly
Appearing old
Appearing old
Elderly
Emaciated
Extremely thin, malnourished, wasting
Extremely thin, malnourished, wasting
Emaciated
Febrile
Elevated body temperature, fever, indicative of infection
Elevated body temperature, fever, indicative of infection
Febrile
Ill Appearing
Not appearing healthy
Not appearing healthy
Ill appearing
Inconsolable
When an infant or baby cannot be made to stop crying
When an infant or baby cannot be made to stop crying
Inconsolable
Malaise
Generalized feeling of discomfort or lack of well-being
Generalized feeling of discomfort or lack of well-being
Malaise
Malnourished
Poor nutritional state
Poor nutritional state
Malnourished
Morbidly Obese
Extremely overweight
Extremely Overweight
Morbidly Obese
Non-Toxic
Appearing stable and at no risk of deterioration
Appearing stable and at no risk of deterioration
Non-Toxic
Somnolent
Appearing drowsy
Appearing Drowsy
Somnolent
Tearful
The state of crying, being about to cry
The state of crying, being about to cry
Tearful
Uncooperative
Does not follow commands or go along with physician requests
Does not follow commands or go along with physician requests
Uncooperative
Unkempt
Poor self hygiene
Poor Self Hygiene
Unkempt
Well Developed
Normal state of mental and body development
Normal state of mental and body development
Well Developed
Atraumatic, Normocephalic
ATNC
Normal external head inspection
Battle Sign
Bruising behind the ears, indicative of basilar skull fracture
Bruising behind the ears, indicative of basilar skull fracture
Battle Sign
ATNC
Normal external head inspection
Atruamatic, Normocephalic
Cephalgia
Headache
Headache
Cephalgia
Encephalopathy
Disease of the brain
Disease of the brain
Encephalopathy
Facial Angioedema
Swelling of the face often secondary to allergic rxn
Swelling of the face often secondary to allergic rxn
Facial Angioedema
Fontanel
Anatomical feature of an infant’s skill, the “soft-spot”
Anatomical feature of an infant’s skill, the “soft-spot”
Fontanel
Frontal
Forehead and the anterior top of the skull
Forehead and the anterior top of the skull
Frontal
Meningitis
Infection of the meninges, the membranes that contain the brain and spinal cord
Infection of the meninges, the membranes that contain the brain and spinal cord
Meningitis
Occipital/Occiput
The most posterior part of the skull, the back of the head
The most posterior part of the skull, the back of the head
Occipital/Occiput
Parietal
Location across the posterior top of the skull
Location across the posterior top of the skull
Parietal
Raccoon Eyes
Bruising around the eyes, indicative of a basilar skull fracture
Bruising around the eyes, indicative of a basilar skull fracture
Raccoon Eyes
Sinusitis
Infection of the sinuses, usually causing sinus pressure
Infection of the sinuses, usually causing sinus pressure
Sinusitis
Temporal
The side of the head, near the temples
The side of the head, near the temples
Temporal
Aniscoria
Unequal diameter of pupils
Unequal diameter of pupils
Aniscoria
Conjunctiva
Thin outer lining of the eye and eyelid
Thin outer lining of the eye and eyelid
Conjunctiva
Conjunctival Exudate
Pus in the eye
Pus in the eye
Conjunctival exudate
Cornea
Transparent frontal aspect of the eye, covering both the iris and pupil
Transparent frontal aspect of the eye, covering both the iris and pupil
Cornea
Diploplia
Diagnosis of double vision
Diagnosis of double vision
Diploplia
EOMI
Extra ocular muscles intact
Extra ocular muscles intact
EOMI
Flouresceine Uptake
Demonstrates the presence of a corneal abrasion
Demonstrates the presence of a corneal abrasion
Flouresceine Uptake
Flourescein
Orange/Yellow eyedrops used to detect corneal lesions, abrasions or foreign bodies
Orange/Yellow eyedrops used to detect corneal lesions, abrasions or foreign bodies
Fluorescein
Fundoscopic Exam
The use of an ophthalmoscope to look through the pupil and examine the interior surface of the posterior eye
The use of an ophthalmoscope to look through the pupil and examine the interior surface of the posterior eye
Fundoscopic Exam
Fundus of the Eye
Interior surface of the eye
Interior surface of the eye
Fundus of the Eye
Hyphema
Blood in anterior chamber of the eye, as seen during the fundoscopic exam
Blood in anterior chamber of the eye, as seen during the fundoscopic exam
Hyphema
Lacrimal
Referring to tears
Referring to tears
Lacrimal
Nystagmus
Involuntary “shaking” eye movements, rather than normal continuous smooth motion
Involuntary “shaking” eye movements, rather than normal continuous smooth motion
Nystagmus
Ophthalmalgia
Pain the eye
Pain in the eye
Ophthalmalgia
Pale Conjunctiva
Pale inner aspect of the eyelid most often due to anemia
Pale inner aspect of the eyelid most often due to anemia
Pale Conjunctiva
Papilledema
Swelling of optic disk due to increased intracranial pressure, seen fundoscopically
Swelling of optic disk due to increased intracranial pressure, seen fundoscopically
Papilledema
Periorbital Ecchymosis
Bruising around the eyes, indicative of trauma
Bruising around the eyes, indicative of trauma
Periorbital Ecchymosis
Photophobia
Light Sensitivity
Light Sensitivity
Photophobia
Sclera
Dense, fibrous, opaque outer coat enclosing the eyeball except the part covered by the cornea
Dense, fibrous, opaque outer coat enclosing the eyeball except the part covered by the cornea
Sclera
Sclera Icterus
Yellowing of sclera due to jaundice
Yellowing of sclera due to jaundice
Sclera Icterus
Stye/Hordeolum
Small infected bump on the eyelid, usually between the eyelash hairs
Small infected bump on the eyelid, usually between the eyelash hairs
Stye/Hordeolum
Subconjunctival Hemorrhage
Blood in the white part of the eye
Blood in the white part of the eye
Subconjunctival Hemorrhage
Sunken Eyes
Sign of dehydration
Sign of Dehydration
[Eye]
Sunken eyes
Auricle
External portion of the ear
External portion of the ear
Auricle
Cerumen
Earwax
Earwax
Cerumen
Labyrinthitis
Infection of deep inner ear, known as the labyrinth. Often causes vertigo
Infection of deep inner ear, known as the labyrinth. Often causes vertigo
Labyrinthitis
Loss of Landmarks
The TM is opaque, no longer transparent
-indicates ear infection
The TM is opaque, no longer transparent
-indicates ear infection
Loss of Landmarks
Otalgia
Ear Ache
Ear Ache
Otalgia
Otitis Externa
Outer ear infection
Outer Ear Infection
Otitis Externa
Otitis Media
Middle Ear Infection
Middle Ear Infection
Otitis Media
Tinnitus
“Ringing in the ears”, the perception of ringing even with no external stimuli
“Ringing in the ears”, the perception of ringing even with no external stimuli
Tinnitus
TM Bulging
“Outpouching” of the TM, indicative of inflammation
“Outpouching” of the TM, indicative of inflammation
TM Bulging
TM Dullness
Absence of light reflection, indicative of ear infection
Absence of light reflection, indicative of ear infection
TM Dullness
TM Erythema
Redness of the TM, often indicative of infection
Redness of the TM, often indicative of infection
TM Erythema
TM Perforation
Rupture of the eardrum
Rupture of the eardrum
TM Perforation
Tympanic Membrane (TM)
The clear membrane inside the ear; ear drum
The clear membrane inside the ear; ear drum
Tympanic Membrane
Epistaxis
Hemorrhage from the nose, nose bleeding
Hemorrhage from the nose, nose bleeding
Epistaxis
Naris
Nostril
Pleural Nares
Nostril
Pleural Nares
Naris
Rhinorrhea
Clear nasal discharge
Clear nasal discharge
Rhinorrhea
Septal Hematoma
Bruise/swelling of septum (sign of a nose fracture)
Bruise/swelling of septum (sign of a nose fracture)
Septal Hematoma
Decreased Gag Reflex
Indicative of decreased KOC or brainstem injury; concern for airway protection
Indicative of decreased KOC or brainstem injury; concern for airway protection
Decreased Gag Reflex
Dentition
Teeth
Teeth
Dentition
Dry Mucosa
Dry tongue, mouth and lips, indicating significant dehydration
Dry tongue, mouth and lips, indicating significant dehydration
Dry Mucosa
Edentulous
Without teeth
Without teeth
Edentulous
Gingiva
Gums
Gums
Gingiva
Lingual
Referring to the tongue
Referring to the tongue
Lingual
Malocclusion
Imperfect closure of opposing teeth, indicative of trauma or jaw fracture
Imperfect closure of opposing teeth, indicative of trauma or jaw fracture
Malocclusion
Nasopharynx
The far back of the nasal canal where it joins the back of the throat
The far back of the nasal canal where it joins the back of the throat
Nasopharynx
Odontalgia
Toothache
Toothache
Odontalgia
Odynophagia
Painful swallowing
Painful swallowing
Odynophagia
Oropharynx
Back of the mouth, where it meets the throat
Back of the mouth, where it meets the throat
Oropharynx
Peritonsillar Abscess
Collection of pus or fluid around the tonsil
Collection of pus or fluid around the tonsil
Peritonsillar Abscess
Pharyngeal Erythema
Redness of the pharynx, indicating a throat infection
Redness of the pharynx, indicating a throat infection
Pharyngeal Erythema
Pharyngitis
Throat Infection
Throat Infection
Pharyngitis
Secretion Pooling
Poor ability to handle secretions (saliva): drooling at the mouth and gagging
Poor ability to handle secretions (saliva): drooling at the mouth and gagging
Secretion Pooling
Tacky Mucosa
Sticky tongue, mouth and lips indicating early dehydration
Sticky tongue, mouth and lips indicating early dehydration
Tacky Mucosa
Tonsillar Edema
Swelling of the tonsils, indicating infection
Swelling of the tonsils, indicating infection
Tonsillar Edema
Tonsillar Exudate
Pus on the tonsils, indicating infection of the tonsils
Pus on the tonsils, indicating infection of the tonsils
Tonsillar Exudate
Trismus
Inability to fully open mouth due to inflamed jaw muscles
Inability to fully open mouth due to inflamed jaw muscles
Trismus
Uvula Midline
Uvula in normal position (not shifted)
Uvula in normal position (not shifted)
Uvula Midline
Brudzinski
Neck pain elicited by flexing neck. Hips and knees flex in response to the neck being flexed; sign of meningitis
Neck pain elicited by flexing neck. Hips and knees flex in response to the neck being flexed; sign of meningitis
Brudzinkski
C-Spine
Cervical Spine (C1-C7)
Carotid Bruit
Turbulent blood flow heard with auscultation over the carotid artery (due to carotid narrowing or plaque)
Turbulent blood flow heard with auscultation over the carotid artery (due to carotid narrowing or plaque)
Carotid Bruit
Jugular Vein Distension
JVD, sign of CHF
JVD, sign of CHF
Jugular Vein Distention
Kernigs
Neck pain elicited by flexing hip
- Stiff hamstrings/inability to straighten the leg when hop is flexed
- sign of meningitis
Neck pain elicited by flexing hip
- Stiff hamstrings/inability to straighten the leg when hop is flexed
- sign of meningitis
Kernigs
Lymphadenopathy
Enlarged lymph nodes
Enlarged lymph nodes
Lymphadenopathy
Meningismus
Stiff neck/signs of meningitis
Stiff neck/signs of meningitis
Meningismus
Paraspinal Tenderness
Tenderness of the muscles next to the vertebrae
Tenderness of the muscles next to the vertebrae
Paraspinal tenderness
Supple
Flexible, free moving, not stiff
Flexible, free moving, not stiff
Supple
Thyromegaly
Enlarged thyroid
Enlarged thyroid
Thyromegaly
Vertebral Tenderness
Bony tenderness directly over the vertebrae
Bony tenderness directly over the vertebrae
Vertebral Tenderness
Aortic Aneurysm
Diagnosis of enlarged aorta due to a weakened aortic wall
Diagnosis of enlarged aorta due to a weakened aortic wall
Aortic Aneurysm
Aortic Dissection
Diagnosis in which the arterial wall splits apart
Diagnosis in which the arterial wall splits apart
Aortic Dissection
Arrhythmia
Disturbance of rhythm in the heartbeat
Disturbance of rhythm in the heartbeat
Arrhythmia
Aortic Rupture
Diagnosis in which the arterial wall breaks open as could happen in aortic dissection, ruptured aortic aneurysm trauma
Diagnosis in which the arterial wall breaks open as could happen in aortic dissection, ruptured aortic aneurysm trauma
Aortic Rupture
Atrial Flutter
Irregular beating of the atria; often described as a flutter with 2 to 1 block or 3 to 1 block
Irregular beating of the atria; often described as a flutter with 2 to 1 block or 3 to 1 block
Atrial Flutter
Atrial Fibrillation
Irregular beating of the atria indicates that the sinus node is not conducting a normal sinus rhythm, a fib
Irregular beating of the atria indicates that the sinus node is not conducting a normal sinus rhythm, a fib
Atrial Fibrillation
Atrial Septal Defect
ASD
-a hole in the atrial septum that causes blood in the RA and LA to mix
ASD
-a hole in the atrial septum that causes blood in the RA and LA to mix
Atrial Septal Defect
Bradycardia
Slow HR (<60)
Slow HR (<60)
Bradycardia
Cardiac Ischemia
Decreased blood flow through the coronary vessels and to the heart; usually diagnosed by ST segment depression on EKG
Decreased blood flow through the coronary vessels and to the heart; usually diagnosed by ST segment depression on EKG
Cardiac Ischemia
Cardiomegaly
Enlarged Heart
Enlarged Heart
Cardiomegaly
Cardiomyopathy
Disease of heart muscle
Disease of heart muscle
Cardiomyopathy
Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Dysfunctional heart muscle because of an enlarged heart
Dysfunctional heart muscle because of an enlarged heart
Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Extra Systoles
Extra beats of the heart heard during auscultation
Extra beats of the heart heard during auscultation
Extra Systoles
Friction Rub
Described as grating, scratching sound of the heart indicative of pericarditis
Described as grating, scratching sound of the heart indicative of pericarditis
Friction Rub
Gallop
3 or 4 sounds, resembling the sounds of a gallop
3 or 4 sounds, resembling the sounds of a gallop
Gallop
Irregularly Irregular
Heart rhythm for anyone with Atrial Fibrillation
Heart rhythm for anyone with Atrial Fibrillation
Irregularly irregular
Murmur
Abnormal hear sound rated on 1-6 scale
Abnormal hear sound rated on 1-6 scale
Murmur
Myocardial Infarction
Death of cardiac muscle due to prolonged ischemia when blood flow through the coronary artery is obstructed
Death of cardiac muscle due to prolonged ischemia when blood flow through the coronary artery is obstructed
Myocardial Infarction
Myocarditis
Inflammation of the heart muscle
Inflammation of the heart muscle
Myocarditis
NSTEMI
Non ST Segment elevation MI; a heart attack that is not diagnosed on the EKG but is diagnosed by an elevated troponin on blood test
Non ST Segment elevation MI; a heart attack that is not diagnosed on the EKG but is diagnosed by an elevated troponin on blood test
NSTEMI
Pericardial Tamponade
Diagnosis due to fluid in pericardium that exerts pressure on the heart and hampers its ability to contract normally
Diagnosis due to fluid in pericardium that exerts pressure on the heart and hampers its ability to contract normally
Pericardial Tamponade
Pericarditis
Inflammation of the pericardium evidenced on PE by the presence of a friction rub on heart auscultation
Inflammation of the pericardium evidenced on PE y the presence of a friction rub on heart auscultation
Pericarditis
Pulse Exam
Carotid, brachial, radial, femoral, popliteal, Dorsal pedis (DP), or posterior tibia (PT)
Carotid, brachial, radial, femoral, popliteal, Dorsal pedis (DP), or posterior tibia (PT)
Pulse exam
STEMI
ST elevation myocardial infarction; when EKG shows “ST segment elevation” it indicates and acute heart attack
ST elevation myocardial infarction; when EKG shows “ST segment elevation” it indicates and acute heart attack
STEMI
Tachycardia
Fast HR (>100bpm)
Fast HR (>100bpm)
Tachycardia
Ventricular Fibrillation
Irregular beating of the ventricles, this is a terminal event that requires immediate electrical cardioversion
Irregular beating of the ventricles, this is a terminal event that requires immediate electrical cardioversion
Ventricular Fibrillation
Valvular Vegetation
An infectious growth on cardiac valves
An infectious growth on cardiac valves
Valvular Vegetation
Ventricular Septal Defect “A VSD”
A hole in the ventricular septum that causes blood to mix between the RV and LV
A hole in the ventricular septum that causes blood to mix between the RV and LV
Ventricular Septal Defect
“ A VSD”
Ventricular Wall Thrombus
A blood clot that attaches to the inside wall of the ventricle; pieces of the thrombus can break off and spread to anywhere in the body leading to infarctions
A blood clot that attaches to the inside wall of the ventricle; pieces of the thrombus can break off and spread to anywhere in the body leading to infarctions
Ventricular Wall Thrombus
Aorta
Artery carrying blood from the heart (LV) to the rest of the body
Artery carrying blood from the heart (LV) to the rest of the body
Aorta
Aortic Valve
Heart valve between the LV and ascending aorta
Heart valve between the LV and ascending aorta
Aortic Valve
Atrial Septum
Heart tissue that separates RA from LA
Heart tissue that separates RA from LA
Atrial Septum
AV Node
Atrioventricular Node
-receives the electrical activity from the SA node and conducts it to the ventricles; the right bundle and the left bundle
Atrioventricular Node
-receives the electrical activity from the SA node and conducts it to the ventricles; the right bundle and the left bundle
AV Node
Coronary Artery
Artery that supplies the heart with blood; there are right coronary artery (RCA), the left main coronary artery, the circumflex coronary artery, the left anterior descending artery (LAD) and many branches coming from each known as marginal coronary arteries
Artery that supplies the heart with blood; there are right coronary artery (RCA), the left main coronary artery, the circumflex coronary artery, the left anterior descending artery (LAD) and many branches coming from each known as marginal coronary arteries
Coronary Artery
Left Atrium
LA
-chamber in the heart that receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary vein
LA
-chamber in the heart that receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary vein
Left Atrium
Left Ventricle
LV
-chamber in the hear that receives oxygenated blood from the LA
LV
-chamber in the hear that receives oxygenated blood from the LA
Left Ventricle
Mitral Valve
Heart valve between LA and LV
Heart valve between LA and LV
Mitral Valve
Myocardium
Heart muscle
Heart muscle
Myocardium
Pericardium
The lining surrounding the heart
The lining surrounding the heart
Pericardium
Pulmonary Artery
Artery carrying blood from the heart (RV) to the lungs
Artery carrying blood from the heart (RV) to the lungs
Pulmonary Artery
Pulmonary Vein
Vein carrying blood from the lungs to heart (LA)
Vein carrying blood from the lungs to heart (LA)
Pulmonary Vein
Pulmonic Valve
Heart valve between the RV and pulmonary artery
Heart valve between the RV and pulmonary artery
Pulmonic Valve
Right Atrium
RA
-chamber in the heart that receives blood from the vena cava, sends it to the RV
RA
-chamber in the heart that receives blood from the vena cava, sends it to the RV
Right Atrium
Right Ventricle
RV
-chamber in the heart that receives blood from the RA, sends it to the lungs
RV
-chamber in the heart that receives blood from the RA, sends it to the lungs
Right Ventricle
SA Node
Sinoatrial Node
- pacemaker of the heart
Sinoatrial Node
- pacemaker of the heart
SA Node
Tricuspid Valve
Heart valve between RA and RV
Heart valve between RA and RV
Tricuspid Valve
Ventricular Septum
Heart tissue that separates the RV from the LV
Heart tissue that separates the RV from the LV
Ventricular Septum
Aneurysm
Localized ballooning of a vessel due to a weakened vessel wall
Localized ballooning of a vessel due to a weakened vessel wall
Aneurysm
Artery
Blood vessel carrying blood away from the heart, muscular, contractile
Blood vessel carrying blood away from the heart, muscular, contractile
Artery
Bruit
A whooping sound heard during auscultation indicative of blockage or aneurysm
A whooping sound heard during auscultation indicative of blockage or aneurysm
Bruit
Dissection
Blood flow into the wall layers of an artery causing the arterial walls to split apart
Blood flow into the wall layers of an artery causing the arterial walls to split apart
Dissection
Deep Venous Thrombosis
DVT
-deep clot in the extremity
DVT
-deep clot in the extremity
Deep Venous Thrombosis
Embolism
Obstruction of blood vessel by a traveling clot of blood of foreign substance
Obstruction of blood vessel by a traveling clot of blood of foreign substance
Embolism
Stenosis
Narrowing of a body opening or passage
Narrowing of a body opening or passage
Stenosis
Thrombus
Blood clot or blockage
Blood clot or blockage
Thrombus
Vein
Vessel carrying blood towards the heart, soft, compressible
Vessel carrying blood towards the heart, soft, compressible
Vein
Accessory Muscle Use
Struggling for breath using extra muscles in addition to the diaphragm
Struggling for breath using extra muscles in addition to the diaphragm
Accessory Muscle Use
Asthma
Constriction of the airway due to muscular contraction of bronchioles
Constriction of the airway due to muscular contraction of bronchioles
Asthma
Atelectasis
Collapse of alveoli in the lungs due to disease or poor inspiration
Collapse of alveoli in the lungs due to disease or poor inspiration
Atelectasis
Bradypnea
Decreases respiratory rate
Decreases respiratory rate
Bradypnea
Bronchiolitis
Inflammation/infection of the bronchioles
Inflammation/infection of the bronchioles
Bronchiolitis
Bronchitis
Inflammation/Infection of the bronchi
Inflammation/Infection of the bronchi
Bronchitis
COPD
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
COPD
Croup
Viral Infection of the upper airway with a barking cough and often stridor
Viral Infection of the upper airway with a barking cough and often stridor
Croup
Dullness on percussion
Fluid or mass under area being percussed
Fluid or mass under area being percussed
Dullness on percussion
Dyspnea
Difficult and labored breathing, SOB
Difficult and labored breathing, SOB
Dyspnea
Hemoptysis
Coughing up blood
Coughing up blood
Hemoptysis
Hemothorax
Blood fluid present in pleural cavity
Blood fluid present in pleural cavity
Hemothorax
Hyperventilation
Breathing too fast
Aka behavioral breathlessness, psychogenic dyspnea
Breathing too fast
Aka behavioral breathlessness, psychogenic dyspnea
Hyperventilation
Nasal Flaring
Enlargement of nostrils with breathing (sign of respiratory distress)
Enlargement of nostrils with breathing (sign of respiratory distress)
Nasal Flaring
Prolonged Expiration
Expiration phase that is markedly longer than the inspirations phase; heard in asthmatics
Expiration phase that is markedly longer than the inspirations phase; heard in asthmatics
Prolonged Inspiration
Pulmonary Embolus
Blockage of the pulmonary artery or one of its branches due to a translocated clot
Blockage of the pulmonary artery or one of its branches due to a translocated clot
Pulmonary Embolus
Pleurisy
General term for pain with breathing
Blockage of the pulmonary artery or one of its branches due to a translocated clot
Pleurisy
Pneumothorax
Presence of air or gas in the pleural space; collapsed lung
Presence of air or gas in the pleural space; collapsed lung
Pneumothorax
Pneumonia
Infiltrate (infection) inside the lung tissue
Infiltrate (infection) inside the lung tissue
Pneumonia
Prolonged Expirations
Usually heard in asthmatics
Usually heard in asthmatics
Prolonged Expirations
Rales
Crackles; wet crackling hear in the lungs due to pneumonia or CHF
Crackles; wet crackling hear in the lungs due to pneumonia or CHF
Rales
Retractions
Visible singling of the area between the ribs and in the neck during inhalation (respiratory distress)
Visible singling of the area between the ribs and in the neck during inhalation (respiratory distress)
Retractions
Rhonchi
Sound of mucous rolling around in the bronchioles/bronchi
Sound of mucous rolling around in the bronchioles/bronchi
Rhonchi
Splinting
Avoiding deep inspirations die to increase pain with breathing
Avoiding deep inspirations die to increase pain with breathing
Splinting
Sputum
Matter coughed up from the lower airways
Matter coughed up from the lower airways
Sputum
Stridor
Upper airway noise, common sign in croup
Upper airway noise, common sign in croup
Stridor
Tachypnea
Increased respiratory rate; greater than 20 respiration’s per minute
Increased respiratory rate; greater than 20 respiration’s per minute
Tachypnea
Wheezing
High pitched sound heard with asthmatics or lung dz
High pitched sound heard with asthmatics or lung dz
Wheezing
Bowel Sounds
Intestinal sounds heard from auscultation over the abdomen; hyperactive, hypoactive, diminished, absent, tympanitic
Intestinal sounds heard from auscultation over the abdomen; hyperactive, hypoactive, diminished, absent, tympanitic
Bowel Sounds
Cholecystitis
Inflammation of the gallbladder
Inflammation of the gallbladder
Cholecystitis
Cholelithiasis
Production of gallstones
Production of gallstones
Cholelithiasis
Cirrhosis
Scarring of the liver tissue affecting the liver’s ability to function
Scarring of the liver tissue affecting the liver’s ability to function
Cirrhosis
Crohn’s/Colitis
Types of chronic inflammatory bowel disease
Types of chronic inflammatory bowel disease
Crohn’s/Colitis
Diffuse
Generalized; not localized to any specific location
Generalized; not localized to any specific location
Diffuse
Distention
Enlarged or swollen due to internal pressure
Enlarged or swollen due to internal pressure
Distention
Diverticulitis
Acute inflammation of the diverticuli pouches
Acute inflammation of the diverticuli pouches
Diverticulitis
Diverticulosis
Formation of diverticuli; pouches in the colon wall
Formation of diverticuli; pouches in the colon wall
Diverticulosis
Dunphy’s Sign
Increased pain with coughing
Increased pain with coughing
Dunphy’s sign
Dyspepsia
Indigestion
Indigestion
Dyspepsia
Dysphagia
Difficulty swallowing
Difficulty swallowing
Dysphagia
Emesis
Vomiting
Vomiting
Emesis
Epigastric
Upper central region of the abdomen
Upper central region of the abdomen
Epigastric
Gastroenteritis
General term for inflammation of the GI tract
General term for inflammation of the GI tract
Gastroenteritis
Guarding
Tensing of abdominal wall muscles as to guard the internal organs indicative of true abdominal disease
Tensing of abdominal wall muscles as to guard the internal organs indicative of true abdominal disease
Guarding
Hematemesis
Vomiting of blood
Vomiting of blood
Hematemesis
Hematochezia
Bright red blood in stool
Bright red blood in stool
Hematochezia
