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Radiation therapy ARRT exam review > Medical terminology > Flashcards

Medical terminology Flashcards

1
Q

_____is very common in women, caused by an overproduction of thyroid hormones

A

Hyperthyroidism

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2
Q

Psoriasis is the condition of

A

itch

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3
Q

______disease is the most common cause of dementia, causing generalized atrophy of brain with plaques and neurofi brillary tangles.

A

Alzheimers

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4
Q

____is air in pleural cavity

A

Pneumothorax

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5
Q

Laparotomy

A

= abdomen incision

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6
Q

What is Myalgia

A

muscle pain

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7
Q

heart inflmmation

A

carditis

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8
Q

_____ = kidney enlargement

A

Nephotropathy

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9
Q

= breast pain

A

Mastalgia

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9
Q

_____ = painful swallowing

A

odynophagia

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10
Q

_____= pinpoint, round spots that appear on the skin as a result of bleeding

A

Petechiae

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11
Q

______ is an increase in size and function of a cell

A

hypertrophy

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12
Q

______ is an increase in the number of cells in an organ or tissue.

A

hyperplasia

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13
Q

______ is transformation of the cell into a different cell type

A

Metaplasia

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14
Q

______ is a change in the size, shape, and organization of cell.

A

dysplasia

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15
Q

_____ is an increase in size and function of a cell,

A

hypertrophy

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16
Q

______ is decrease in size and function of a cell

A

Atrophy

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17
Q

A blood clot inside the lumen of a blood vessel and fi xed to the blood vessel wall is termed

A

thrombus

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18
Q

An _____is a blood clot not fixed to blood vessel wall, but is rather passing through the blood vessel with the ability to obstruct the lumen of the vessel.

A

embolism

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19
Q

An ______can occur in any blood vessel causing ischemic necrosis in nearby tissue and is caused by blood clot obstructing the blood vessel

A

infarction

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20
Q

____ describes a decreased number of formed elements (RBCs, WBCs, platelets) in the blood

A

pancytopenia

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21
Q

_____is a decreased number of platelets.

A

thrombocytopenia

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22
Q

_____hematoma occur between skull and dura mater, and must be treated quickly and aggressively to prevent coma and death.

A

epidural

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23
Q

______hematomas are between arachnoid and dura mater, and are often a result of a blow to the head affecting venous blood flow which stops quickly and requires little to no treatment

A

Subdural

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24
Q

A ____ hematoma occurs between arachnoid and brain surface, often due to a ruptured congenital aneurysm or trauma.

A

subarachnoid

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25
Q

_____hematoma results from trauma which ruptures the intracerebral vessels causing bleeding into the brain. It can be caused by high blood pressure, leading to a stroke or by blood disorders which clot the blood.

A

intracerebral

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26
Q

_____ is a progressive demyelinization of neurons, with plaque formation around the nerves. There is a higher incidence in colder climates and in women, involving a series of fl are-ups and remissions with progressive loss of motor and sensory function

A

multiple sclerosis

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27
Q

_____ is inflammation of the brain and spinal cord often caused by viral or bacterial infections, resulting in pus in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

A

meningitis

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28
Q

____is increased pressure within the eye damaging the optic nerve, causing blindness

A

glaucoma

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29
Q

_____ results in central impairment of the vision fi eld, while peripheral vision remains normal

A

macula degeneration

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30
Q

______, or pink eye, is inflammation of the conjunctiva due to virus, bacteria, or allergens.

A

conjunctivitis

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31
Q

_____describes age- related hearing loss

A

presbycusis

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32
Q

_____refers to a middle-ear infection due to bacteria or a virus resulting in pain and pressure

A

otitis media

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33
Q

_____is very common in women, caused by thyroid hormone deficiency

A

hypothyroidism

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34
Q

____ are a cystic dilatation of terminal ducts in the breasts, resulting in an increase in fi brous tissue, which can be painful

A

Fibrocystic breast

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35
Q

____is the most common benign breast tumor, characterized by a round, movable, rubbery feeling mass.

A

Fibroadenoma

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36
Q

_____describes a lung collapse due to obstruction or compression

A

Atelectasis

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37
Q

____is inflammation and consolidation of pulmonary parenchyma

A

pneumonia

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38
Q

_____is another common lung disorder, resulting in chronic airway obstruction due to chronic bronchitis and/or emphysema

A

COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease)

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39
Q

______is where the alveolar walls are damaged, resulting in poor gas exchange, over-inflated lungs, and a barrel chest

A

emphysema

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40
Q

_____ is a disorder in which the stomach contents back up into esophagus through lower esophageal sphincter (LES). This causes pain, burning and discomfort

A

GERD

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41
Q

_____ can be caused by chronic GERD, in which the squamous epithelium is replaced by columnar epithelium

A

Barretts esophagus

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42
Q

_______ are created when there are breaks in the gastric mucosa from gastric secretions.

A

Peptic ulcer disease, or gastric ulcers

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43
Q

______ is inflammation of all five layers of bowel wall, causing edema and fibrosis of the bowel.

A

Crohns disease

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43
Q

______ is caused by autoantibodies, mostly in childhood and adolescence, causing the pancreas to produce little to no insulin

A

type 1 diabetes

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44
Q

____is caused by insulin resistance and insulin deficiency, and is most common in obese adults

A

type 2 diabetes

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45
Q

____ is an adrenal insufficiency due to destructive atrophy of the adrenal glands caused by long term use or sudden withdrawal of oral steroids

A

Addison disease

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46
Q

_____ can be caused by a pituitary tumor (Cushing’s disease), small cell lung cancer secretion of ACTH, or steroids

A

Cushings syndrome

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47
Q

Hepatitis ______is spread via oral-fecal route by improper hand-washing or contaminated food and water

A

A

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47
Q

Hepatitis ___ are spread via bodily fluids.

A

B and C

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48
Q

__is caused by high levels of circulating bilirubin, a by-product of breakdown of RBCs, resulting in yellowed skin and sclera. While common in newborns, jaundice may also be caused by liver disease, metastatic cancer in the liver, or obstruction of bile flow

A

jaundice

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49
Q

______, or kidney stones, are calcium stones in the kidney due to high levels of circulating calcium

A

Nephrolithiasis

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50
Q

A kidney infection is termed

A

pyelonephritis

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51
Q

a bladder infection is termed

A

cystitis

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52
Q

an infection in the urethra is termed

A

urethritis

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53
Q

____, or undescended testicle, present at birth and may resolve itself in first year of life or need surgery to bring down

A

Cryptorchidism

54
Q

____, or inability to retract foreskin of penis, may be congenital or due to infection or inflammation

A

phimosis

55
Q

____ is enlargement of prostate causing obstruction of urinary flow, causing nocturia, polyuria, and decreased pressure of urinary stream, hesitancy, and dribbling. Treatment for BPH is medication or surgery.

A

Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)

56
Q

_____ are benign tumors of the myometrium, which are often asymptomatic

A

Uterine fibroids

57
Q

____are enlarged ovaries with multiple cysts

A

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS)

58
Q

____is a reduction in bone density over time, causing fragile bones and fractures

A

Osteoporosis

59
Q

____ , or wear and tear arthritis, is the most common joint disease.

A

Osteoarthritis

60
Q

____ is a chronic systemic, autoimmune disease involving synovial joints, causing extreme deformities of the knuckles, wrists, elbows, and ankles

A

Rheumatoid arthritis

61
Q

____, or hives, is an allergic reaction due to a histamine release.

A

Urticaria

62
Q

_____, or inflammation of the skin, results in red, swollen and itchy skin

A

Dermatitis

63
Q

____results in increased rates of skin sloughing and growth causing thickening of the dermis and epidermis

A

psoriasis

64
Q

_____is a collection of collagen deposits in the skin causing inflammation, fibrosis, and decreased capillary networks

A

Scleroderma

65
Q

is a gland tumor

A

adenoma

66
Q

_____= water cyst tumor

A

Hydrocele

67
Q

____= between ribs

A

intercostal

68
Q

_____= same environment

A

Homeostasis

69
Q

____= loss of eyelashes or eyebrows

A

Marosis

70
Q

_____= muscle swelling

A

Myoedema

71
Q

____= vertebrae inflammation

A

Spondylitis

72
Q

What is cutitis

A

Skin inflammation

73
Q

_____ = scalelike

A

Squamous

74
Q

_____= gallbladder excision

A

Cholecystectomy

75
Q

____= large intestine inflammation

A

Colitis

76
Q

____= vomiting

A

Emesis

77
Q

____= liver inflammation

A

Hepatitis

78
Q

_____= mouth inflammation

A

Stomatitis

79
Q

____= larynx inflammation

A

laryngitis

80
Q

_____= inflammation of exterior lung lining

A

Pleurisy

81
Q

_____= bloody sputum

A

Hemoptysis

82
Q

____= kidney removal

A

Nephrectomy

83
Q

____= urethra inflammation

A

Urethritis

84
Q

_____= area between anus and genitalia

A

perineum

85
Q

____= testicle dropping

A

Orchidoptosis

86
Q

___= lack of sperm

A

Spermacrasia

87
Q

____= Meninges inflammation

A

Meningtis

88
Q

____= ear inflammation

A

Otitis

89
Q

____= against bacteria

A

Antibacterial

90
Q

_____= slow heartbeat

A

Bradycardia

91
Q

____= abnormal blood

A

Dysemia

92
Q

____= stomach inflammation

A

Gastritis

93
Q

_____= bone breakdown

A

Osteolysis

94
Q

___= abnormal pain

A

paraplegia

95
Q

_____= around the heart

A

pericardium

96
Q

____= highly severe

A

Superacute

97
Q

_____= rapid heart rate

A

Tachycardia

98
Q

____= green look condition brought about by lack of red blood cells

A

Chlorosis

99
Q

____= condition of blue skin

A

Cyanosis

100
Q

____ = Before meals

A

A.C.

101
Q

___ = nothing by mouth

A

NPO

102
Q

_____ = everyday

A

Q.D.

103
Q

every 2 hours

A

Q2H

104
Q

_____ = four times a day

A

QID

105
Q

____ = every other day

A

QOD

106
Q

______ = three times a day

A

TID

107
Q

___ = hematocrit ( looks at the volume of blood in relation to the volume of cells.)

A

HCT

108
Q

_____= front side

A

Anterior

109
Q

______ = farthest point away from

A

distal

110
Q

____ = backside

A

dorsal

111
Q

below =

A

inferior

112
Q

_____ = on the edge of or outside of

A

peripheral

113
Q

____ = rear or back end

A

posterior

114
Q

______ = above

A

superior

115
Q

____ = across

A

transverse

116
Q

What is Osteoarthropathy

A

Bone joint disease

117
Q

_____= hardening of skin

A

Scleroderma

118
Q

_____ = stomach and colon inflammation

A

Gastrocolitis

119
Q

_______ = stomach esophagus inflammation

A

Gastroesophagitis

120
Q

____ = breast inflamtion

A

mastitis

121
Q

_____ = ovary bleeding

A

oophorrhagia

122
Q

____ = difficulty swallowing

A

dysphagia

123
Q

_____= double vision

A

Diplopia

124
Q

____ = abnormal tissue development

A

dysplasia

125
Q

______= difficulty breathing

A

dyspnea

126
Q

__= vomitting

A

Hematemesis

127
Q

____ = painful/difficult urination

A

dysuria

127
Q

_____= fluid in abdomen

A

Ascites

128
Q

___ = itching

A

pruritus

129
Q

____ = thickening and scarring of connective tissue

A

Fibrosis

130
Q

____= narrowing

A

Stenosis

131
Q

_____ = inflammation of the small intestine

A

enteritis

132
Q

_____ = small, widened blood vessels on the skin

A

telangectasia

133
Q

_____= bleeding from nose

A

epitaxial

134
Q

____ is loss of consciousness

A

syncope

135
Q

______ is inflammation of the vein

A

phlebitis

Radiation therapy ARRT exam review (11 decks)

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