Medical terminology Flashcards
_____is very common in women, caused by an overproduction of thyroid hormones
Hyperthyroidism
Psoriasis is the condition of
itch
______disease is the most common cause of dementia, causing generalized atrophy of brain with plaques and neurofi brillary tangles.
Alzheimers
____is air in pleural cavity
Pneumothorax
Laparotomy
= abdomen incision
What is Myalgia
muscle pain
heart inflmmation
carditis
_____ = kidney enlargement
Nephotropathy
= breast pain
Mastalgia
_____ = painful swallowing
odynophagia
_____= pinpoint, round spots that appear on the skin as a result of bleeding
Petechiae
______ is an increase in size and function of a cell
hypertrophy
______ is an increase in the number of cells in an organ or tissue.
hyperplasia
______ is transformation of the cell into a different cell type
Metaplasia
______ is a change in the size, shape, and organization of cell.
dysplasia
_____ is an increase in size and function of a cell,
hypertrophy
______ is decrease in size and function of a cell
Atrophy
A blood clot inside the lumen of a blood vessel and fi xed to the blood vessel wall is termed
thrombus
An _____is a blood clot not fixed to blood vessel wall, but is rather passing through the blood vessel with the ability to obstruct the lumen of the vessel.
embolism
An ______can occur in any blood vessel causing ischemic necrosis in nearby tissue and is caused by blood clot obstructing the blood vessel
infarction
____ describes a decreased number of formed elements (RBCs, WBCs, platelets) in the blood
pancytopenia
_____is a decreased number of platelets.
thrombocytopenia
_____hematoma occur between skull and dura mater, and must be treated quickly and aggressively to prevent coma and death.
epidural
______hematomas are between arachnoid and dura mater, and are often a result of a blow to the head affecting venous blood flow which stops quickly and requires little to no treatment
Subdural
A ____ hematoma occurs between arachnoid and brain surface, often due to a ruptured congenital aneurysm or trauma.
subarachnoid
_____hematoma results from trauma which ruptures the intracerebral vessels causing bleeding into the brain. It can be caused by high blood pressure, leading to a stroke or by blood disorders which clot the blood.
intracerebral
_____ is a progressive demyelinization of neurons, with plaque formation around the nerves. There is a higher incidence in colder climates and in women, involving a series of fl are-ups and remissions with progressive loss of motor and sensory function
multiple sclerosis
_____ is inflammation of the brain and spinal cord often caused by viral or bacterial infections, resulting in pus in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
meningitis
____is increased pressure within the eye damaging the optic nerve, causing blindness
glaucoma
_____ results in central impairment of the vision fi eld, while peripheral vision remains normal
macula degeneration
______, or pink eye, is inflammation of the conjunctiva due to virus, bacteria, or allergens.
conjunctivitis
_____describes age- related hearing loss
presbycusis
_____refers to a middle-ear infection due to bacteria or a virus resulting in pain and pressure
otitis media
_____is very common in women, caused by thyroid hormone deficiency
hypothyroidism
____ are a cystic dilatation of terminal ducts in the breasts, resulting in an increase in fi brous tissue, which can be painful
Fibrocystic breast
____is the most common benign breast tumor, characterized by a round, movable, rubbery feeling mass.
Fibroadenoma
_____describes a lung collapse due to obstruction or compression
Atelectasis
____is inflammation and consolidation of pulmonary parenchyma
pneumonia
_____is another common lung disorder, resulting in chronic airway obstruction due to chronic bronchitis and/or emphysema
COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease)
______is where the alveolar walls are damaged, resulting in poor gas exchange, over-inflated lungs, and a barrel chest
emphysema
_____ is a disorder in which the stomach contents back up into esophagus through lower esophageal sphincter (LES). This causes pain, burning and discomfort
GERD
_____ can be caused by chronic GERD, in which the squamous epithelium is replaced by columnar epithelium
Barretts esophagus
_______ are created when there are breaks in the gastric mucosa from gastric secretions.
Peptic ulcer disease, or gastric ulcers
______ is inflammation of all five layers of bowel wall, causing edema and fibrosis of the bowel.
Crohns disease
______ is caused by autoantibodies, mostly in childhood and adolescence, causing the pancreas to produce little to no insulin
type 1 diabetes
____is caused by insulin resistance and insulin deficiency, and is most common in obese adults
type 2 diabetes
____ is an adrenal insufficiency due to destructive atrophy of the adrenal glands caused by long term use or sudden withdrawal of oral steroids
Addison disease
_____ can be caused by a pituitary tumor (Cushing’s disease), small cell lung cancer secretion of ACTH, or steroids
Cushings syndrome
Hepatitis ______is spread via oral-fecal route by improper hand-washing or contaminated food and water
A
Hepatitis ___ are spread via bodily fluids.
B and C
__is caused by high levels of circulating bilirubin, a by-product of breakdown of RBCs, resulting in yellowed skin and sclera. While common in newborns, jaundice may also be caused by liver disease, metastatic cancer in the liver, or obstruction of bile flow
jaundice
______, or kidney stones, are calcium stones in the kidney due to high levels of circulating calcium
Nephrolithiasis
A kidney infection is termed
pyelonephritis
a bladder infection is termed
cystitis
an infection in the urethra is termed
urethritis
____, or undescended testicle, present at birth and may resolve itself in first year of life or need surgery to bring down
Cryptorchidism
____, or inability to retract foreskin of penis, may be congenital or due to infection or inflammation
phimosis
____ is enlargement of prostate causing obstruction of urinary flow, causing nocturia, polyuria, and decreased pressure of urinary stream, hesitancy, and dribbling. Treatment for BPH is medication or surgery.
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
_____ are benign tumors of the myometrium, which are often asymptomatic
Uterine fibroids
____are enlarged ovaries with multiple cysts
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS)
____is a reduction in bone density over time, causing fragile bones and fractures
Osteoporosis
____ , or wear and tear arthritis, is the most common joint disease.
Osteoarthritis
____ is a chronic systemic, autoimmune disease involving synovial joints, causing extreme deformities of the knuckles, wrists, elbows, and ankles
Rheumatoid arthritis
____, or hives, is an allergic reaction due to a histamine release.
Urticaria
_____, or inflammation of the skin, results in red, swollen and itchy skin
Dermatitis
____results in increased rates of skin sloughing and growth causing thickening of the dermis and epidermis
psoriasis
_____is a collection of collagen deposits in the skin causing inflammation, fibrosis, and decreased capillary networks
Scleroderma
is a gland tumor
adenoma
_____= water cyst tumor
Hydrocele
____= between ribs
intercostal
_____= same environment
Homeostasis
____= loss of eyelashes or eyebrows
Marosis
_____= muscle swelling
Myoedema
____= vertebrae inflammation
Spondylitis
What is cutitis
Skin inflammation
_____ = scalelike
Squamous
_____= gallbladder excision
Cholecystectomy
____= large intestine inflammation
Colitis
____= vomiting
Emesis
____= liver inflammation
Hepatitis
_____= mouth inflammation
Stomatitis
____= larynx inflammation
laryngitis
_____= inflammation of exterior lung lining
Pleurisy
_____= bloody sputum
Hemoptysis
____= kidney removal
Nephrectomy
____= urethra inflammation
Urethritis
_____= area between anus and genitalia
perineum
____= testicle dropping
Orchidoptosis
___= lack of sperm
Spermacrasia
____= Meninges inflammation
Meningtis
____= ear inflammation
Otitis
____= against bacteria
Antibacterial
_____= slow heartbeat
Bradycardia
____= abnormal blood
Dysemia
____= stomach inflammation
Gastritis
_____= bone breakdown
Osteolysis
___= abnormal pain
paraplegia
_____= around the heart
pericardium
____= highly severe
Superacute
_____= rapid heart rate
Tachycardia
____= green look condition brought about by lack of red blood cells
Chlorosis
____= condition of blue skin
Cyanosis
____ = Before meals
A.C.
___ = nothing by mouth
NPO
_____ = everyday
Q.D.
every 2 hours
Q2H
_____ = four times a day
QID
____ = every other day
QOD
______ = three times a day
TID
___ = hematocrit ( looks at the volume of blood in relation to the volume of cells.)
HCT
_____= front side
Anterior
______ = farthest point away from
distal
____ = backside
dorsal
below =
inferior
_____ = on the edge of or outside of
peripheral
____ = rear or back end
posterior
______ = above
superior
____ = across
transverse
What is Osteoarthropathy
Bone joint disease
_____= hardening of skin
Scleroderma
_____ = stomach and colon inflammation
Gastrocolitis
_______ = stomach esophagus inflammation
Gastroesophagitis
____ = breast inflamtion
mastitis
_____ = ovary bleeding
oophorrhagia
____ = difficulty swallowing
dysphagia
_____= double vision
Diplopia
____ = abnormal tissue development
dysplasia
______= difficulty breathing
dyspnea
__= vomitting
Hematemesis
____ = painful/difficult urination
dysuria
_____= fluid in abdomen
Ascites
___ = itching
pruritus
____ = thickening and scarring of connective tissue
Fibrosis
____= narrowing
Stenosis
_____ = inflammation of the small intestine
enteritis
_____ = small, widened blood vessels on the skin
telangectasia
_____= bleeding from nose
epitaxial
____ is loss of consciousness
syncope
______ is inflammation of the vein
phlebitis
