Cancer key factors Flashcards
What is the most common primary brain tumor in children
Astrocytoma
What is the most common primary brain tumor in adults?
glioblastoma multiforme
overall the most common cancer in brains is
metastatic tumors
the most common routes of spread for Cns tumors are local invasion and seeding through
Cerebrospinal fluid CSF
the most common area for CSF seeding is in the
lumbralsacral area
What is the main pathology for oral cavity cancers
Squamous cell carcinomas
Which of the following are included in the main route of lymphatics spread for oral activity?
- Buccinator
- Supraclavicular
- Jugulodigastric
- Submandibular
- Subdigastic
- Submental nodes
- Cervical nodes
Hint ( B, J, S, SM, *C)
- main one
1,3,4,6,7
What is the most common site of spread for oral cavity cancers?
Cervical lymph nodes
Which of the following parts of the pharynx is located at the level of C2-C3
Oropharynx
which of the following parts parts of the pharynx is located posterior to the larynx
laryngopharynx
Which of the following parts of the pharynx is located at the level of C1
nasopharynx
Which of the following parts of the pharynx is located at the level of C3-C6
laryrngopharynx
Which of the following parts of the pharynx is associated with EBV (Epstein bar virus)
Nasopharynx
Where is the most common location of cancer in the oropharynx
tonsils
Both oropharyngeal and hypopharyngeal cancers are associated with
HPV
Which part of pharynx - oraphraynx drains too
( Sg , uc , sm , p )
subdigastric, upper cervical, submaxillary and parapharyngeal nodes
Which part of nasopharynx drains to
(c, r , j )
Nasopharynx
-cervical nodes, retropharyngeal node (node of Rouviere), and jugulodigastric nodes
Which part of pharynx - hypopharynx drains to
( mc , sd , mj , lj , r )
Hypopharynx
-midcervical nodes, superior deep, middle and low jugular nodes; and retropharyngeal node (node of Rouviere)
Which of the following extends from C3-C6
Larynx
Which of the following is the false vocal cords
Supraglottis
Which of the following is the true vocal cords?
Glottis
What is related disease to larynx cancer?
larynx - the hollow muscular organ forming an air passage to the lungs and holding the vocal cords in humans and other mammals; the voice box.
HPV
What is the most common pathology of larynx cancer
Squamous cell carcinomas
Which of the following does the field size of only 5x5 cm (postage stamp) apply to
LArynx
What is the largest of all the salivary glands
Parotid
The most common malignant type of salivary gland tumors is?
Mucoepidermoid carcinoma
Which best describes how the salivary gland spreads via the nodes
Ipsilateral -belonging to or occurring on the same side of the body.
What is the most common type of thyroid cancer
papillary
What is the most aggressive thyroid cancer
Anaplastic
Which of the following nodes is located below the mastoid tip
Jugulodigastric
Which lymph node receives almost all lymph from the head and neck area
- Jugulodigastric
- Node of Rouviére
- Spinal accessory chain
- Subdigastric Node
- Mastoid node
hint : JS
1,4
the breast is positioned between the ___ and the ___ rib.
2nd and the 6th rib
What is the name of the connective tissue that extend throughout the breast to help support it
Coopers suspensory ligmanets
What is the name of the breast tissue that is close to the axilla
Tail of Spence
most common site for breast cancer is the
Upper outer quadrant (UOQ)
What is the chemotherapy combination for breast cancer
CMF
What chemotherapy agent can be used to treat hormone- receptors - positives and early staged breast cancer
Tamoxifen
The following explain what level of the axilla: located under the pectoralis minor muscle
level 2
The following explain what level of the axilla: lowest and most superficial; first place for drainage; located lateral to the pectoralis minor muscle
Level 1
The following explain what level of the axilla: located superior to the pectoralis minor muscle
Level 3
What is the most common type of breast cancer ?
infiltrating ductal carcinoma
Regional involvement of the breast spreads to what nodes?
Axillary and IM nodes
The lungs are lined by two membranes which is called
the pleura
the area where the trachea bifurcates and is located around T4-T5 is called the
carina
Where is the location where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged? (inside lungs)
Alveolar ducts
What is the location within the lungs where blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves gain entry to the lungs
Hilum
Which lung cancer is associated with tobacco use
Small cell
Which lung cancer is not associated with tobacco use
Non- small cell
what is the most common type of lung cancer
Adenocarcinoma
which of the following is connected with asbestos exposure?
Mesothelioma
Which of the following best describes small cell limited stage?
On one side of lung
Which of the following best describes small cell extensive stage
On both sides of lung
Which of the following starts around C6 and ends around T10?
Esophagus
Which of the following is associated with Barretts Esophagus
Adenocarcinomas
Which of the following best describes the metastatic pattern of the esophagus
Skip mets
Which of the following histologies are common in the upper and middle sections of the esophagus
Squamous cell carcinomas
Which of the following histologies are common in the lower section of the esophagus and GE junction
Adenocarcinomas
What is the most common esophageal cancer in the U.S. ?
Adenocarcinoma
What layer of the stomach do most tumors start
mucosa
What is the most common lymph node involved with stomach cancers
Celiac node
What is the most common histology of Stomach cancer
Adenocarcinoma
What is the longest part of the GI tract
Small bowel
List the three sections of the small intestine in order
duodenum, jejunum, ileum
What are the two most common nodes with small intestine cancer
Mesenteric and celiac nodes
the colon (large intestine) is divided into how many regions?
8 sections
What is the most common histology for small bowel cancer
Adenocarcinoma
What is the type of resection that Removes colon, but leaves the sphincter and rectum
Anterior resection
What is the type of resection that Removes the anus and part of rectum
Abdominoperineal resection
Which of the following is a major risk factor for large bowel cancer
polyps
What is the most common histology of large bowel?
Adenocarcinoma
Which of the following best describes the large bowel spread pattern
via direct extension in a radial style
what is the most common symptom of anal cancer?
Rectal bleeding