Medical Terminology Flashcards
hepatitis
inflammation of liver
hepatocyte
liver cell
arthritis
inflammation of bone and joint
ab-
away from
ad-
toward
ana-
up
ante-
up
cata-
down
circum, peri-
around
endo-
within, innermost
epi-
upon, above
ex-
out, away from
hyper
above, excessive
hypo-
above, excessive
infra-
below
inter-
between
intra-
within
meso-
middle
para-
beside
retro-
backward
sub-
below,under
supra-
above,beyond
trans-
across, through
anterior
front of the body
posterior
back of body
medial
toward the midline
lateral
toward the side of the body
distal
away from the center point of attachment
proximal
near the center or point of attachment
external or superficial
far from the surface of the body
internal or deep
far from the surface of the body
normal anatomic position
erect standing position with arms at rest
supine position
lying or reclining face up
prone position
lying face up
lateral recumbent position
lying on left or right side
homeostasis
to remain the same
cario
relates to the heart
vascular
relates to veins, arteries, and capillaries
cardiovascular system
system transports nutrients, electrolytes, hormones, enzymes, antibodies, cells and gases all to maintain homeostasis
heart
muscular organ, contracts to push blood throughout the body, beats 80 minutes
aorta
largest artery; exits heart from the left ventricle
Vena Cava
largest vein
pulmonary arteries/veins
right ventricle of the heart pumps blood into the pulmonary arterial branches
Arteries
transport O2 blood throughout
Veins
Transports deoxygenated blood throughout the body
Capillaries
Carry blood that is a mixture of venous and atrial blood
Circulating blood
regulates the body
most common site for venipuncture
antecubital area (bend of elbow)
median cubital
vein is located in the middle of the antecubital area
biggest of the three veins is the
median cubital
cephalic vein
located on the outer thumb side of the antecubital
cephalic vein is more
prominent in obese patients
cephalic veins size
smallest of three main veins but it is still accessible
Basilic vein
the vein is located on pinky side of the arm
3rd choice vein
basilic vein
where is the basilic vein located
lies on top of or close to an artery
Blood components
- blood is living tissue
- carries nourishment
- vitamins
- electrolytes
- hormones
- antibodies
- warmth
- o2
What system are blood groups are organized by
ABO system
Type A
a antigen, has b antibodies
Type B
B antigen, a antibodies
Type AB
both antigens, no antibodies
O
neither antigen, both antibodies
who can receive O blood
anyone
AB individuals
can receive anything
Blood from most common to least
O, A , B, AB
What is Blood Banking
The process of collecting , storing and separating blood
how many liters of blood does the average adult have
4-6 liters
What does whole blood consist of
water, dissolved substances, and blood cells
Types of Red Blood Cells
RBCs/erythrocytes, Leukocytes/WBCs, Platelets/thrombocytes, Plasma,
most common blood cell
RBCs/erythrocytes
what do RBCs transport
transport O2 and CO2
What is the lifespan of RBCs?
120 days
RBCs death
fragmentation and removal in spleen, liver and bone marrow
what kind of WBCs are the most abundent
neutrophils (40 to 75%) in humans
Eosinophil
White Blood Cells and Immune system components
what increases eosinophil #
allergic reactions
Basophils
least common granulocytes. About .01% to .03% of wbcs
What do Basophils store
store histamine, secreted when sneezing
Monocytes
replenishes macrophages
what are macrophages
wbcs that engulf bacteria
Monocytes move quickly
to site of infection
Lymphocytes
include natural killer cells, t cells, and b cells
job of lymphocytes
defence
life span of lymphocytes
1 day to 1 year
where are lymphocytes removed
spleen, liver and bone marrow
Platelets/thrombocytes
colorless blood cells that help clot blood. clump and form plug
fibrinogen
a plasma protien that converts fibrin to form a clot during bleeding.
fibrinogen lifespan
9-12 days
Plasma
liquid portion of blood, 90% water/10% dissolved substances in cells
when u add anticoagulant to specimen and centrifuge it-
will create plasma, cells will settle at bottom of tube
color of plasma
clear and yellow
serum
plasma with no fibrin
how long does it take blood to clot
30 minutes
what color is serum
straw like
fibrin is the body’s
natural coagulant
tubes
sst tubes/ serum separator tubes
turbid
cloudy or milky
lipemic plasma or serum
turbid because of high lipids fats, or bacterial contamination
what to do if specimen doesn’t look normal
note it
Hemostasis
prevents blood loss when blood vessel is injured or punctured
when does hemostasis occur
occurs after venipuncture
Body repairs vein in 5 phases
(1) Vascular phase, (2) Platelet phase, (3) Coagulation phase, (4) Clot retraction, (5) Fibrinolysis
Vascular Phase
vessel is constricted to decrease blood flow to the area
Platelet Phase
platelets clump together to form a plug
Coagulation Phase
a fibrinogen mesh is formed over the platelets
Clot retraction
after bleeding stops ,the clot retracts to heal the torn edges of the vessel
Fibrinolysis
final repair is made. injured vessel heals and clot begins to dissolve or break up
what stop bleeding
slight pressure on puncture sights
blood thinners cause
prolonged bleeding time
Common Blood Thinners
Warfarin (Coumadin), Clopidogrel (Plavix), Aspirin, Heparin
Arterial Blood color
Bright red
How does arterial blood come ot
spurts out
How long should u apply pressure to arterial blood
3-5 minutes
Venous Blood Color
darker in color
How does venous blood come out
in a steady flow
Capillary blood
color is in between, occurs slowly, easily controlled
what are lab specimens used for
diagnosis, monitoring, therapy, and screening
most common specimens to collect
blood and urine
