Medical Retina

Question 1

Age Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD)

Answer 1

Photoreceptor death. Blurred or no vision in the center of the visual field. Dry and wet ARMD

Question 2

Drusen

Answer 2

Yellow deposits under the retina made of lipids. Increases a person’s risk of AMD

Question 3

Dry ARMD

Answer 3

Blood vessels in the eye do not leak

Question 4

Wet ARMD

Answer 4

Abnormal blood vessels under the retina begin to grow toward the macula leaking and bleeding causing permanent vision loss

Question 5

ARMD risk factors

Answer 5

Age, UV light, smoking, genetics, dietary fat

Question 6

Commonest cause of blindness in working population

Answer 6

Diabetic retinopathy

Question 7

Diabetic retinopathy

Answer 7

Microangiopathy affecting retinal precapillary arterioles, capillaries and venules. Retinopathy has features of microvascular occlusion and leakage

Question 8

Diabetic Retinopathy risks

Answer 8

Duration of diabetic Mellitus
Poor DM control
High BP
Smoking
Pregnancy

Question 9

Diabetic retinopathy classification

Answer 9

Non-proliferative (NPDR)

Proliferative (PDR)

Question 10

Treatment for proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy

Answer 10

Laser treatment

Question 11

Pathophysiology of venous occlusion (cycle)

Answer 11

Stagnation –> Hypoxia –> Oedema and haemorrage –> increased extravascular pressure

Question 12

Causes of retinal artery occlusion in elderly and young

Answer 12

Elderly: atherosclerosis, giant cell arteritis
Young: Prothrombic problems, haematological, vasculitis